古建筑木构件有机型防腐防虫剂制备及其效果

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210817

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 制备一种环境友好型的水基化有机型防腐防虫微乳剂，以满足古建筑木构件不同生物危害防治需求，因地制宜保护古建筑木结构免受生物败坏。方法: 选择木材防腐效果较好的丙环唑、防霉抑菌的1，2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮（BIT）和杀虫活性较高的高效氯氟氰菊酯为主成分，采用助剂添加和乳化技术制备水基化有机型防腐防虫微乳剂，通过稳定性测试、有效成分抗流失性能测试、室内抑菌活性测试、室内防腐性能测试以及野外埋地测试等评价微乳剂的性能和防腐防虫效果。结果: 制备的水基化有机型防腐防虫微乳剂兑水稀释250倍后可稳定存放60天以上且仍保持透明，-25℃下放置过夜未结冰；微乳剂稀释后处理木材的有效成分固着率达90%以上，各有效成分在木材中的固着率与其在水中的溶解度有关，溶解度高的有效成分固着率低；微乳剂处理后木材外观色泽几乎没有变化；微乳剂对木材白腐菌、褐腐菌、霉菌和变色菌抑菌效果良好；处理辐射松边材时，载药量高于161.3 g·m^-3（丙环唑与高效氯氟氰菊酯配比为20：1）时木材质量损失率低于5%，耐腐等级达到Ⅰ级强耐腐等级；载药量在134.8 g·m^-3以上（丙环唑与高效氯氟氰菊酯配比为20：1）的辐射松处理材埋地半年的腐朽和白蚁蛀蚀完好值皆为10，而未处理材白蚁蛀蚀完好值为5.8。结论: 本研究制备的含丙环唑、BIT和高效氯氟氰菊酯的水基化有机型防腐防虫微乳剂有效成分含量≥10%，低毒，性能稳定，有效成分在木材中固着率高，具有良好的防腐和防白蚁效果，实际应用时可根据古建筑实际生物危害防治需求灵活调节有效成分配比。

关键词: 木材防腐防虫, 有机型, 微乳剂, 古建筑木构件, 木材生物败坏

Abstract:

Objective: In order to satisfy the prevention and control needs of different biological hazards of ancient building wooden components, a kind of water-based organic preservatives were planned to be developed. Method: A series of preservatives were developed by the combination of propiconazole, 1, 2-benzoisothiazolin-3-ketone (BIT) and lambda-cyhalothrin with an excellent anticorrosion effect. The stability of the preservatives and the anti-erosion performances of treated wood were tested, and the anti-corrosion effects of the preparation were comprehensively evaluated by means of laboratory anti-corrosion test and field fast anti-pest test. Result: After diluted 250 times with water, the microemulsions were kept translucent for more than 60 days. These microemulsions were not freeze at-25℃ overnight. The fixation rate of the effective components of the medicament was over 90%. The fixation rate of chemicals in wood was related to their solubility in water. The component with high solubility had a low fixation rate. The appearance color of treated wood was almost unchanged. The result of indoor corrosion resistance test showed that the wood mass loss rate was less than 5% under the condition above 161.3 g·m^-3 (propiconazole/lambda-cyhalothrin=20:1). The test result of termite control in the field showed that under the condition of drug loading of 134.8 g·m^-3 (propiconazole/lambda-cyhalothrin=20:1), the anti-corrosion performance was 10, and the anti-termite performance could reach 10, and the anti-termite performance of untreated wood was 5.8. Conclusion: Water-based organic preservatives were developed, which could adjust the proportion of effective ingredients flexibly according to the different needs of the actual biological hazard control of ancient buildings. The microemulsion contained propiconazole, BIT and lambda-cyhalothrin, and had effective component content of more than 10%. The microemulsion not only showed stable performances but also had a high fixation rate of its active component in wood, so it had good anti-corrosion and anti-insect effect.

Key words: preservative and insect repellent, organically, microemulsion, ancient buildings wood, wood biodeterioration

中图分类号:

S782.33

张斌,马星霞,蒋明亮,李晓文. 古建筑木构件有机型防腐防虫剂制备及其效果[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(8): 167-175.

Bin Zhang,Xingxia Ma,Mingliang Jiang,Xiaowen Li. Preparation and Effect Evaluation of Organic Preservative for Ancient Buildings Wood Biodeterioration[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(8): 167-175.

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编号 No.	有效成分含量Content of effective components(%)
编号 No.	丙环唑Pro.	BIT	高效氯氟氰菊酯Cyh.
1	8	2	0.5
2	5	5	1
3	10	0	0.5
4	4	6	0

有效成分 Effective component	热贮前质量分数 Mass concentration before thermal storage(%)	热贮后质量分数 Mass concentration after thermal storage(%)	降解率 Degradation rate(%)
丙环唑Pro.	5.11	4.95	3.22
BIT	5.06	4.82	5.15
高效氯氟氰菊酯Cyh.	1.04	1.04	0.32
总计/平均Total/mean	11.21	10.82	3.57

菌种 Fungus	微乳剂1 No.1 microemulsion			微乳剂2 No.2 microemulsion			微乳剂4 No.4 microemulsion
菌种 Fungus	800×	400×	200×	500×	250×	125×	400×	200×	100×
密粘褶菌 Gloeophyllum trabeum	44.02	51.61	57.19	45.31	49.76	58.94	42.99	55.31	58.61
彩绒革盖菌 Coriolus versicolor	31.91	36.50	42.10	34.02	37.74	45.03	30.19	40.25	47.08
曲霉Aspergillus sp.	19.36	22.53	24.18	16.75	19.43	20.49	16.42	18.92	21.58
可可球二孢 Botryodiplodia theobromae	17.26	20.44	27.24	22.46	24.91	28.72	26.72	27.70	37.81

有效成分 Effective component	100×		150×		200×
有效成分 Effective component	载药量 Drug loading/(g·m^-3)	固着率 Fixation rate(%)	载药量 Drug loading/(g·m^-3)	固着率 Fixation rate(%)	载药量 Drug loading/(g·m^-3)	固着率 Fixation rate(%)
丙环唑Pro.	333.1	95.7	227.6	94.8	167.0	93.0
BIT	333.1	90.1	227.6	87.1	167.0	81.2
高效氯氟氰菊酯Cyh.	66.2	95.8	45.5	93.9	33.4	91.6
总计/平均Total/mean	732.4	93.9	500.7	91.9	367.4	88.6

处理编号 Serial number	白腐菌Coriolus versicolor		褐腐菌Gloeophyllum trabeum
处理编号 Serial number	载药量Drug loading/(g·m^-3)	质量损失率 Mass loss rate(%)	载药量Drug loading/(g·m^-3)	质量损失率 Mass loss rate(%)
杨木对照Poplar contrast	—	76.8	—	33.1
处理1 Sample 1	153.6+7.7	3.0	161.6+8.1	2.2
处理2 Sample 2	200.0+10.0	4.8	221.1+11.1	2.2
处理3 Sample 3	250.7+12.5	1.7	274.8+13.7	2.4