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林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (8): 167-175.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210817

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

古建筑木构件有机型防腐防虫剂制备及其效果

张斌1,马星霞1,*,蒋明亮1,李晓文1,2   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 北京 100091
    2. 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 海口 571101
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-10 出版日期:2021-08-25 发布日期:2021-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 马星霞
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2019ZB008);国家自然科学基金项目(31971588)

Preparation and Effect Evaluation of Organic Preservative for Ancient Buildings Wood Biodeterioration

Bin Zhang1,Xingxia Ma1,*,Mingliang Jiang1,Xiaowen Li1,2   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Wood Industry, CAF Beijing 100091
    2. Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou 571101
  • Received:2020-04-10 Online:2021-08-25 Published:2021-09-30
  • Contact: Xingxia Ma

摘要:

目的: 制备一种环境友好型的水基化有机型防腐防虫微乳剂,以满足古建筑木构件不同生物危害防治需求,因地制宜保护古建筑木结构免受生物败坏。方法: 选择木材防腐效果较好的丙环唑、防霉抑菌的1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮(BIT)和杀虫活性较高的高效氯氟氰菊酯为主成分,采用助剂添加和乳化技术制备水基化有机型防腐防虫微乳剂,通过稳定性测试、有效成分抗流失性能测试、室内抑菌活性测试、室内防腐性能测试以及野外埋地测试等评价微乳剂的性能和防腐防虫效果。结果: 制备的水基化有机型防腐防虫微乳剂兑水稀释250倍后可稳定存放60天以上且仍保持透明,-25℃下放置过夜未结冰;微乳剂稀释后处理木材的有效成分固着率达90%以上,各有效成分在木材中的固着率与其在水中的溶解度有关,溶解度高的有效成分固着率低;微乳剂处理后木材外观色泽几乎没有变化;微乳剂对木材白腐菌、褐腐菌、霉菌和变色菌抑菌效果良好;处理辐射松边材时,载药量高于161.3 g·m-3(丙环唑与高效氯氟氰菊酯配比为20:1)时木材质量损失率低于5%,耐腐等级达到Ⅰ级强耐腐等级;载药量在134.8 g·m-3以上(丙环唑与高效氯氟氰菊酯配比为20:1)的辐射松处理材埋地半年的腐朽和白蚁蛀蚀完好值皆为10,而未处理材白蚁蛀蚀完好值为5.8。结论: 本研究制备的含丙环唑、BIT和高效氯氟氰菊酯的水基化有机型防腐防虫微乳剂有效成分含量≥10%,低毒,性能稳定,有效成分在木材中固着率高,具有良好的防腐和防白蚁效果,实际应用时可根据古建筑实际生物危害防治需求灵活调节有效成分配比。

关键词: 木材防腐防虫, 有机型, 微乳剂, 古建筑木构件, 木材生物败坏

Abstract:

Objective: In order to satisfy the prevention and control needs of different biological hazards of ancient building wooden components, a kind of water-based organic preservatives were planned to be developed. Method: A series of preservatives were developed by the combination of propiconazole, 1, 2-benzoisothiazolin-3-ketone (BIT) and lambda-cyhalothrin with an excellent anticorrosion effect. The stability of the preservatives and the anti-erosion performances of treated wood were tested, and the anti-corrosion effects of the preparation were comprehensively evaluated by means of laboratory anti-corrosion test and field fast anti-pest test. Result: After diluted 250 times with water, the microemulsions were kept translucent for more than 60 days. These microemulsions were not freeze at-25℃ overnight. The fixation rate of the effective components of the medicament was over 90%. The fixation rate of chemicals in wood was related to their solubility in water. The component with high solubility had a low fixation rate. The appearance color of treated wood was almost unchanged. The result of indoor corrosion resistance test showed that the wood mass loss rate was less than 5% under the condition above 161.3 g·m-3 (propiconazole/lambda-cyhalothrin=20:1). The test result of termite control in the field showed that under the condition of drug loading of 134.8 g·m-3 (propiconazole/lambda-cyhalothrin=20:1), the anti-corrosion performance was 10, and the anti-termite performance could reach 10, and the anti-termite performance of untreated wood was 5.8. Conclusion: Water-based organic preservatives were developed, which could adjust the proportion of effective ingredients flexibly according to the different needs of the actual biological hazard control of ancient buildings. The microemulsion contained propiconazole, BIT and lambda-cyhalothrin, and had effective component content of more than 10%. The microemulsion not only showed stable performances but also had a high fixation rate of its active component in wood, so it had good anti-corrosion and anti-insect effect.

Key words: preservative and insect repellent, organically, microemulsion, ancient buildings wood, wood biodeterioration

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