林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 93-102.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210610
王旻嘉1,叶建仁1,*,涂煜昇1,杜方平2
收稿日期:
2021-02-22
出版日期:
2021-06-25
发布日期:
2021-08-06
通讯作者:
叶建仁
基金资助:
Minjia Wang1,Jianren Ye1,*,Yusheng Tu1,Fangping Du2
Received:
2021-02-22
Online:
2021-06-25
Published:
2021-08-06
Contact:
Jianren Ye
摘要:
目的: 通过室内和田间试验筛选能在有效降解松材线虫病疫木的同时,还能够抑制松材线虫在疫木内生活移动的木腐真菌,为研发松材线虫病疫木高效环保除治新途径提供依据。方法: 利用选择培养基从腐朽松木样本中初筛出19个木腐真菌。在不同种类木腐真菌平板上接入2 000条松材线虫共培养,从中筛选出能抑制松材线虫生长繁殖的菌株。通过测定受木腐菌侵染的黑松试样的失重率,判定木腐真菌对松木的腐解能力。选择能有效抑制松材线虫繁殖且降解松木能力强的菌株进行田间试验。采用液体摇瓶培养菌丝接种田间疫木,处理4个月后均匀钻孔取样,分析整段疫木内松材线虫数量变化。5-6月,收集天牛蛹室周围木样(0.5~1 cm),分析蛹室周围木样内松材线虫数量,同期在钢丝网罩中定期捕捉羽化的天牛,分析羽化天牛携带线虫的数量。结果: 室内筛选出7株能抑制松材线虫繁殖且降解木材能力强的木腐真菌,其中在菌株J5-2的平板上培养8天后,每皿仅分离出(18±10)条线虫,在硫磺菌和糙皮侧耳的平板上则完全分离不到松材线虫。在供试菌株中,硫磺菌对松木的降解能力最强,侵染黑松木材4个月后,试样失重率达到22.82%,其次是菌株S4,造成木块重质损失了21.68%。田间试验表明,7种木腐真菌接种4个月后,均能使疫木内松材线虫种群数量减少,其中菌株J5-2、硫磺菌、S4可使蛹室线虫数量减少65%以上,天牛携带线虫数量低于每头200条。菌株J5-2除害效果最佳,使疫木蛹室线虫数量减少72%,每只天牛携带松材线虫仅(15±4)条,最高携带量仅为60条。经鉴定菌株J5-2为Ceriporia sp.。结论: 菌株J5-2、硫磺菌和糙皮侧耳等木腐菌对松材线虫的抑制作用明显,硫磺菌和菌株S4降解木材的能力强,菌株J5-2、硫磺菌、S4在田间处理疫木的效果最好,可使疫木中线虫数量减低65%以上。利用木腐真菌就地处理松材线虫病疫木是一种高效环保新方法。
中图分类号:
王旻嘉,叶建仁,涂煜昇,杜方平. 处理松材线虫病疫木的木腐真菌筛选[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(6): 93-102.
Minjia Wang,Jianren Ye,Yusheng Tu,Fangping Du. Screening of Wood Rot Fungi for Treating the Infected Wood by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(6): 93-102.
表1
不同木腐真菌在选择培养基上的变色反应①"
菌株编号 Strain number | PDA愈创木酚平板氧化带直径 Oxidation zone diameters of different fungi on PDA-guaiacol medium/mm | PDA苯胺蓝平板脱色圈直径 Discolored zone diameters of different fungi on PDA-aniline blue medium/mm | CMC-Na平板水解圈与菌落直径比值 The ratio of clear zones diameter to colony diameter of different fungi on CMC-Na medium |
J5-2 | 45.63±0.24 e | 51.56±0.71 c | — |
J22 | 36.20±0.12 g | 53.54±0.26 c | — |
J46 | 68.10±0.92 b | — | 1.00±0.00 d |
J48-1 | — | — | 1.11±0.02 d |
H12 | 25.10±0.01 i | 34.16±1.16 d | 1.61±0.01 a |
S1 | — | — | 1.12±0.03 d |
S4 | 41.20±0.02 f | 72.03±0.48 a | — |
S8 | — | 72.35±0.38 a | 1.06±0.02 d |
S10 | — | — | 1.07±0.08 d |
S14 | 32.60±0.02 h | 51.65±0.19 c | 1.05±0.02 d |
S17 | — | — | 1.67±0.01 a |
W4 | 67.12±0.04 b | 31.62±0.93 e | 1.32±0.02 c |
W9 | — | — | 1.52±0.17 ab |
W15 | 78.64±0.03 a | — | 1.67±0.03 a |
X4 | 50.92±0.02 d | — | 1.37±0.01 c |
Z1 | 36.01±0.06 g | — | 1.14±0.02 d |
Z17 | 42.70±0.09 f | — | 1.14±0.03 d |
Z25 | 56.12±0.01 c | 59.80±1.67 b | — |
Z43 | — | 72.20±0.32 a | — |
表2
不同真菌处理后疫木中羽化后的天牛上携带松材线虫情况①"
处理 Treatment | 天牛数量 Number of M. alternatus | 线虫携带率 PWN carrier rate(%) | 天牛平均携带线虫数量 Average amount of PWN carried by each M. alternatus | 天牛携带线虫数量范围 The range of PWN population carried by each M. alternatus |
CK | 32 | 90.62 | 4 396±1 143 a | 120~23 400 |
糙皮侧耳P.ostreatus | 24 | 81.82 | 641±130 b | 130~1 860 |
X4 | 27 | 55.56 | 149±36 b | 29~394 |
W15 | 25 | 56.00 | 140±43 b | 10~540 |
Z25 | 23 | 65.22 | 84±30 b | 10~387 |
S4 | 25 | 48.00 | 64±19 b | 7~190 |
硫磺菌L.sulphureus | 28 | 57.14 | 55±6 b | 10~85 |
J5-2 | 30 | 60.00 | 15±4 b | 5~60 |
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