基于高频热压成型的竹集成材制备及力学性能评价

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200815

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探索竹材含水率、热压压力、施胶量和热压温度对高频热压成型竹集成材力学性能的影响，并优化高频热压加工工艺获得力学性能较优的竹集成材，为竹集成材高频热压成型提供技术参考。方法: 设计正交试验，采用高频热压加工工艺，以酚醛树脂（PF）为胶黏剂，研究竹材含水率、热压压力、施胶量和热压温度4个参数变量对高频热压成型竹集成材抗弯强度和剪切强度的影响，建立抗弯强度和剪切强度数学模型，分析力学性能最优解。结果: 极差分析表明，热压参数对抗弯强度的影响顺序为热压压力、竹材含水率、热压温度和施胶量，对剪切强度的影响顺序为施胶量、竹材含水率、热压压力和热压温度；主效应分析表明，4级竹材含水率、1级热压压力、1级施胶量和3级热压温度为最佳抗弯强度的热压参数，1级竹材含水率、1级热压压力、2级施胶量和3级热压温度为最佳剪切强度的热压参数；交互分析表明，各热压参数间存在交互作用；方差分析表明，热压压力是影响竹集成材抗弯强度的最重要因素，施胶量是影响竹集成材剪切强度的最重要因素；数学模型分析得出，竹材含水率15%、热压压力2.0 MPa、施胶量260 g·m^-2、热压温度130℃为抗弯强度最优解（168.51 MPa）；竹材含水率10.2%、热压压力2.0 MPa、施胶量240 g·m^-2、热压温度130℃为剪切强度最优解（263.26 MPa）。结论: 竹材含水率、热压压力、施胶量和热压温度4个参数变量对高频热压成型竹集成材力学性能均有影响，提出的热压参数对竹集成材抗弯强度和剪切强度影响的数学模型，可有效反映热压参数与竹集成材力学性能间的关系，优化高频热压加工工艺生产的竹集成材，其力学性能满足相关标准和使用要求。

关键词: 竹集成材, 高频热压, 力学性能, 抗弯强度, 剪切强度, 数学模型

Abstract:

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of bamboo moisture content, hot pressing pressure, glue consumption and hot pressing temperature on the mechanical properties of glued laminated bamboo after high-frequency hot pressing, and to optimize the processing technology of bamboos with better mechanical properties. Method: This research was carried out by orthogonal design of experiment, using the high frequency heating mode of processing, with phenolic resin (PF) as adhesive. The effects of four variables including moisture content, hot pressing pressure, glue consumption and hot pressing temperature on mechanical performance of bamboo integrated timber molded by high-frequency hot press were investigated, during which the measuring parameters included bending strength and shearing strength. By variance analysis and further establishing the mathematical model of bending strength and shearing strength, analysis of the mechanical properties of the optimal solution were analyzed. Result: Range analysis showed that the order of influence of thermal pressure parameters on bending strength was hot pressing pressure, moisture content, hot pressing temperature and glue consumption, while the order of influence of thermal hot pressure parameters on shear strength was glue consumption, moisture content, hot pressing pressure and hot pressing temperature. According to the main effect analysis, grade 4 moisture content, grade 1 hot pressing pressure, grade 1 glue consumption and grade 3 hot pressing temperature were hot pressing parameters for the best bending strength, and grade 1 moisture content, grade 1 hot pressing pressure, grade 2 glue consumption and grade 3 hot pressing temperature were hot pressing parameters for the best shear strength. The interaction analysis results showed that there was an interaction among the thermal pressure parameters. The analysis of variance showed that the hot pressing pressure was the most important factor influencing the bending strength of glued laminated bamboo, and the glue consumption was the most important factor influencing the shear strength of glued laminated bamboo. According to the mathematical model, the optimal solution of maximum bending strength was obtained:15% moisture content, 2.0 MPa hot pressing pressure, 260 g·m^-2 glue consumption, 130℃ hot pressing temperature, and the bending strength was 168.51 MPa. The optimal solution of shear strength was obtained:10.2% moisture content, 2.0 MPa hot pressing pressure, 240 g·m^-2 glue consumption and 130℃ hot pressing temperature, and the shear strength was 263.26 MPa. Conclusion: In this paper, our study showed that four parameters of moisture content, hot pressing pressure, glue consumption and hot pressing temperature have an effect on the mechanical properties of high-frequency hot pressing glued laminated bamboo. A mathematical model which can effectively reflect the influences of hot pressing parameters on the mechanical properties ofglued laminated bamboo is proposed. The mechanical properties of glued laminated bamboo produced by high-frequency hot pressing technology can meet the relevant standards and utilization requirements, and can provide technical reference for glued laminated bamboo molded by high-frequency hot pressing.

Key words: glued laminated bamboo, high frequency heating, mechanical properties, bending strength, shear strength, mathematical model

中图分类号:

S781.2
TS65

刘延鹤,周建波,傅万四,张彬,常飞虎,何文. 基于高频热压成型的竹集成材制备及力学性能评价[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(8): 131-140.

Yanhe Liu,Jianbo Zhou,Wansi Fu,Bin Zhang,Feihu Chang,Wen He. Preparation and Mechanical Property Evaluation of Glued Laminated Bamboo Based on High Frequency Heating[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(8): 131-140.

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参数Parameter	水平1 Level 1	水平2 Level 2	水平3 Level 3	水平4 Level 4
竹材含水率Moisture content(MC)(%)	6	9	12	15
热压压力Hot pressing pressure(P)/MPa	1.0	1.3	1.6	2.0
施胶量Glue consumption(V)/(g·m^-2)	200	240	260	300
热压温度Hot pressing temperature(T)/℃	115	120	125	130

试验序号 Experiment number	热压参数水平Thermal pressure parameter level
试验序号 Experiment number	竹材含水率 Moisture content(MC)	热压压力 Hot pressing pressure(P)	施胶量 Glue consumption (V)	热压温度 Hot pressing temperature(T)	误差 Error
1	1	1	1	1
2	1	2	2	2
3	1	3	3	3
4	1	4	4	4
5	2	1	2	3
6	2	2	1	4
7	2	3	4	1
8	2	4	3	2
9	3	1	3	4
10	3	2	4	3
11	3	3	1	2
12	3	4	2	1
13	4	1	4	2
14	4	2	3	1
15	4	3	2	4
16	4	4	1	3

试验序号 Experiment number	竹材含水率 Moisture content(%)	热压压力 Hot pressing pressure/MPa	施胶量 Glue consumption/ (g·m^-2)	热压温度 Hot pressing temperature/℃	抗弯强度 Bending strength(σ)/MPa	剪切强度 Shear strength(σ_c)/MPa
1	6	1.0	200	115	131.13	107.11
2	6	1.3	240	120	73.10	96.26
3	6	1.6	260	125	95.76	92.58
4	6	2.0	300	130	113.26	92.14
5	9	1.0	240	125	115.74	103.24
6	9	1.3	200	130	87.34	63.25
7	9	1.6	300	115	59.63	59.87
8	9	2.0	260	120	95.50	107.67
9	12	1.0	260	130	116.00	80.58
10	12	1.3	300	125	88.86	92.81
11	12	1.6	200	120	83.00	72.10
12	12	2.0	240	115	107.09	82.16
13	15	1.0	300	120	130.16	83.90
14	15	1.3	260	115	110.76	99.70
15	15	1.6	240	130	117.60	99.72
16	15	2.0	200	125	136.49	75.64

参数 Parameter	平均抗弯强度Mean bending strength
参数 Parameter	水平1 Level 1	水平2 Level 2	水平3 Level 3	水平4 Level 4	极差Range
竹材含水率 Moisture content	103.313	89.552	98.738	1 223.752	34.200
热压压力 Hot pressing pressure	123.257	90.015	88.998	113.085	34.259
施胶量 Glue consumption	109.490	103.382	104.505	97.977	11.513
热压温度 Hot pressing temperature	102.153	95.440	109.213	108.550	13.773
	平均剪切强度Mean shear strength
竹材含水率 Moisture content	97.022	83.508	81.912	89.740	15.110
热压压力 Hot pressing pressure	93.708	88.005	81.067	89.403	12.641
施胶量 Glue consumption	79.525	95.345	95.132	82.180	15.820
热压温度 Hot pressing temperature	87.210	89.982	91.067	83.922	7.145

参数 Parameter	抗弯强度Bending strength					剪切强度Shear strength
参数 Parameter	自由度 DF	方差 SS	F	均方差 Mean square	贡献率 Contribution	自由度 DF	方差 SS	F	均方差 Mean square	贡献率 Contribution
竹材含水率 Moisture content	3	2 507.816	1.482	835.939	18.524	3	566.66	1.218	188.887	15.221
热压压力 Hot pressing pressure	3	3 495.759	2.066	1 165.253	25.821	3	330.375	0.71	110.125	8.874
施胶量 Glue consumption	3	267.772	0.158	89.257	1.978	3	842.045	1.809	280.682	22.618
热压温度 Hot pressing temperature	3	497.822	0.294	165.941	3.677	3	122.327	0.263	40.776	3.286
误差Error	12	6 769.17		564.098	50	12	1 861.41		155.118	50
总计Total	24	13 538.339			100	24	3 722.817			100