林业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (1): 180-190.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200118
茅裕婷,马涛,蓝来娇,温秀军*
收稿日期:
2018-04-13
出版日期:
2020-01-25
发布日期:
2020-02-24
通讯作者:
温秀军
基金资助:
Yuting Mao,Tao Ma,Laijiao Lan,Xiujun Wen*
Received:
2018-04-13
Online:
2020-01-25
Published:
2020-02-24
Contact:
Xiujun Wen
Supported by:
摘要:
松材线虫病对森林生态健康有显著影响,可以导致松林大面积死亡,有效预防松材线虫病是维护森林生态系统的重要措施。伊氏线虫菌是一种松材线虫的内寄生真菌,具有作为松材线虫病生物防治的天敌的潜力。近几年,对于这种鲜为人知的真菌的研究增多。本文从该菌的发现、形态学、培养、侵染机制、分子层面研究和生物防治应用等方面较系统全面地介绍该菌。伊氏线虫菌共有6个菌株,能产生月形孢子和杆状孢子2种类型的孢子,月形孢子能黏附到松材线虫体表并寄生于体内将其杀死。伊氏线虫菌能在松树和松树分泌的树脂中存活,通过产生宿主松树的香味而引诱松材线虫。培养条件对伊氏线虫菌生长、产孢、孢子侵染活力的影响较大,可以在培养基中添加甘氨酸等增强其对环境的抗性。伊氏线虫菌基因组已被完整测序,还克隆出1个对松材线虫具有强毒力的丝氨酸蛋白酶基因,同时在菌株细胞内发现内生细菌的存在,可以通过分子方法检测该菌。在温室和野外采用树干注射、树冠喷洒和伤口接种等不同方法施用含有该真菌的生防菌,均显示其能降低松材线虫对松树的侵染。目前对于该菌的研究主要集中在实验室,对于林间防治应用也有研究,但还是较少。关于该菌未来的研究可以从几方面开展:1)分子层面弄清其侵染机制;2)商品化生物制剂;3)野外防治方案;4)松褐天牛与伊氏线虫菌之间的关系。
中图分类号:
茅裕婷,马涛,蓝来娇,温秀军. 松材线虫生防真菌伊氏线虫菌研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(1): 180-190.
Yuting Mao,Tao Ma,Laijiao Lan,Xiujun Wen. Advances in Esteya vermicola, A Potential Biocontrol Fungus for Pine Wood Nematode[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(1): 180-190.
表1
伊氏线虫菌的6个分离株的详细信息"
菌株号 Strain No. | 分离基质 Separation Matrix | 来源 Source | 分离年份 Year | 参考文献References |
ATCC74485 | 被松材线虫侵染的黑松心材木片 Black pine wood chips infested by B. xylophilus | 中国台湾 Taiwan, China | 1995 | |
CBS115803 | 正毛束小蠹幼虫、成虫和其在橡树的坑道 Larvae, adult beetles of S. intricatus and their galleries in oak | 捷克 Czech Republic | 1999 | |
CNU120806 | 土壤中被侵染的腐生线虫 Saprophytic nematodes infested by E. vermicola in the soil | 韩国 Korea | 2006 | |
NKF132229 | 包装木中被侵染的鲁尔夫伞滑刃线虫 B. rainulgi infected by E. vermicola in packaging wood | 巴西 Brazil | 2014 | |
CBS156.82 | 干燥的松属植物Dry Pinus | 日本Japan | 1982 | |
CBS100821 | 油橄榄嫩枝Olive twig | 意大利Italy | 1998 |
表2
4个E. vermicola菌株的形态特征比较"
项目Item | ATCC74485 ( | CBS115803 ( | CNU120806 ( | NKF13222 ( |
PDA上生长速度(1周)Growth rate on PDA (one week) | 直径3.0~4.5 cm,生长速度适中3.0-4.5 cm in diameter, moderate growth rate. | 直径3.0~3.7 cm,生长速度较慢。3.0-3.7 cm in diameter, slow growth. | 直径4.0~4.5 cm,生长速度较快。4.0-4.5 cm in diameter, fast growth. | 直径3.1~3.5 cm,生长速度较慢。3.1-3.5 cm in diameter, slow growth. |
PDA上菌落颜色Colony color on PDA | 正面灰色、灰绿色至暗绿色,反面绿色至深绿色。Positive gray, grayish green to dark green, reverse green to dark green. | 正面灰色至灰绿色,反面深绿色。Positive gray to grayish green, reverse dark green. | 正反都为深绿色。Both positive and negative are dark green. | 正面灰色、灰绿到黑绿色,反面灰色至深灰色。Positive gray, grayish green to dark green, reverse gray to dark gray. |
产孢种类Spore-forming species | 月形孢子:1个分生孢子梗产生1个孢子,(8.2~11.1)μm×(3.5~3.7)μm;杆状孢子:(4.4~7.4)μm×(1.5~1.9)μm。Lunar spores: One conidial stem produces one spore, (8.2-11.1) μm × (3.5-3.7) μm; Rod-shaped spores: (4.4-7.4) μm × (1.5-1.9) μm. | 月形孢子:1个分生孢子梗产生1~4个孢子,(9.3~12.4)μm×(3.0~3.2)μm;杆状孢子:(4.6~6.2)μm×(1.3~1.5)μm。Lunar spores: one conidial stem produces 1~4 spores, (9.3-12.4) μm × (3.0-3.2) μm; Rod-shaped spores: (4.6-6.2) μm × (1.3-1.5) μm. | 月形孢子:1个分生孢子梗产生1~4个孢子,(7.7~12.1)μm×(3.0~3.8)μm;杆状孢子:(4.3~8.4)μm×(3.0~3.8)μm。Lunar spores: one conidial stem produces 1-4 spores, (7.7-12.1) μm × (3.0-3.8) μm; Rod-shaped spores: (4.3-8.4) μm × (3.0-3.8) μm. | 月形孢子:1个分生孢子梗产生一个孢子,(8.7~11.9)μm×(3.0~3.6)μm;杆状孢子:(4.3~7.5)μm×(1.3~2.1)μm。Lunar spores: One conidial stem produces one spore, (8.7-11.9) μm × (3.0-3.6) μm; Rod-shaped spores: (4.3-7.5) μm × (1.3-2.1) μm. |
月形孢子萌发方式Germination method of moon spore | 从孢子凸面萌发并产生一个芽管。Germination from spores convex and generating a germ tube. | 从孢子凹面中部萌发并产生一个或多个芽管。Germinates from the middle of the concave surface of the spore and produces one or more germ tubes. | 主要从孢子凹面萌发,偶尔可见凸面萌发。Mainly germinated from the concave surface of spores, occasionally visible convex germination. | 从孢子凹面中部萌发并产生一个芽管。Germinates and produces a germ tube from the middle of the concave surface of the spore. |
杆状孢子萌发方式Germination method of rod-shaped spores | 从孢子端部萌发,也可从孢子1/3~1/2处萌发,可产生1到多个芽管。Germination from the ends of spores can also germinate from 1/3-1/2 spores, producing one or more germ tubes. | 从孢子端部萌发产生多个芽管。Germination of multiple germ tubes from the ends of spores | 90%从孢子1/3~1/2处萌发,10%从孢子端部萌发。90% germinated from 1/3-1/2 spores and 10% germinated from spore tips | 从孢子端部萌发,也可从孢子1/3~1/2处萌发,可产生一到多个芽管。Germination from the ends of spores can also germinate from 1/3-1/2 spores, producing one or more germ tubes |
营养条件对产孢的影响。BR Effect of nutritional conditions on sporulation | 在营养丰富的培养基中主要产生杆状孢子,营养匮乏的培养基中主要产生新月形孢子。Produces rod-shaped spores in nutrient-rich cultures, producing crescent-shaped spores in nutrient-poor media. | 在不同营养条件的培养基中2种孢子均产生较早。Both spores produced earlier in culture medium with different nutrient conditions | 在营养丰富的培养基中主要产生新月形孢子。Produces crescent-shaped spores in a nutrient-rich medium | 在营养丰富的培养基中主要产生杆状孢子,营养匮乏的培养基中主要产生新月形孢子。Produces rod-shaped spores in nutrient-rich cultures, producing crescent-shaped spores in nutrient-poor media |
表3
伊氏线虫菌对不同线虫的黏附和侵染①"
线虫Nematodes | 分生孢子Lunate conidia | 参考文献References | |
黏附Attachment | 侵染Infection | ||
水稻干尖线虫Aphelenchoides besseyi | + | + | |
叶芽线虫Aphelenchoides sp. | + | + | |
松材线虫B. xylophilus | + | + | |
拟松材线虫B. mucronatus | + | + | |
腐烂茎线虫Ditylenchus destructor | + | + | |
稻茎线虫D. angustus | + | + | |
甜菜茎虫D. dipsacis | + | + | |
椰子红环线虫Phadinaphelenchus cocophilus | + | + | |
草莓滑刃线虫A. fragariae | + | + | |
全齿复活线虫Panangrellus redivivus | + | + | Wang et al.,2008 |
肾形线虫Rotylenchulus reniformis | + | - | |
根腐线虫Pratylenchus coffeae | - | - | |
南方根瘤线虫Meloidigyne incognita | - | - | |
燕麦孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae | - | - | |
穿刺短体线虫Pratylenchus penetrans | - | - |
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