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林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8): 63-72.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190808

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

海南岛簕竹属5个竹种雨季光合特性与叶片形态结构性状

郭雯1, 雷刚2, 漆良华1,2,3, 王一1, 徐瑞晶1, 张建1   

  1. 1. 国际竹藤中心 北京 100102;
    2. 国际竹藤中心安徽太平试验中心 黄山 245700;
    3. 海南三亚竹藤伴生林生态系统国家定位观测研究站 三亚 572000
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-16 修回日期:2019-06-18 发布日期:2019-09-05
  • 基金资助:
    国际竹藤中心基本科研业务费重点专项“甘什岭棕榈藤和攀援竹资源分布与群落物种多样性研究”(1632016006)。

Photosynthetic Characteristics and Leaf Morphological Characteristics of Five Bamboo Species of Bambusa in Hainan Island during the Rainy Season

Guo Wen1, Lei Gang2, Qi Lianghua1,2,3, Wang Yi1, Xu Ruijing1, Zhang Jian1   

  1. 1. International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing 100102;
    2. Anhui Taiping Experimental Station of ICBR Huangshan 245700;
    3. Hainan Sanya National Positioning and Monitoring Station for Ecosystem of Bamboo and Rattan Associated Forest Sanya 572000
  • Received:2018-07-16 Revised:2019-06-18 Published:2019-09-05

摘要: [目的]通过对簕竹属5个竹种雨季光合生理特性的研究,探究热带地区不同竹种雨季光合能力差异性,掌握不同竹种栽培特性,为竹种高效培育及园林应用提供理论依据。[方法]以海南岛簕竹属5个竹种作为研究材料,利用Li-6400便携式光合仪测定日变化、光响应曲线、CO2响应曲线,分析不同因子的影响及叶片形态结构性状与光合作用的相关性。[结果] 1)不同竹种之间净光合速率存在较大差异,5个竹种净光合速率日变化规律呈现"双峰"曲线; 2)各竹种光响应曲线在5—6月净光合速率较高,8—10月净光合速率较低,最大净光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)之间存在差异;青秆竹、粉单竹Pmax、LSP值高、Rd值低,光合能力较强; 3)5个竹种CO2响应曲线均在5—8月净光合速率较高,9—10月净光合速率较低;相较于潜在最大净光合速率(Amax)、CO2饱和点(CSP),CO2补偿点(CCP)、光呼吸速率(Rp)、羧化速率(CE)之间存在差异; 4)雨季中5个竹种Pn主要受气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气温(Ta)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、大气CO2浓度(Ca)等因子制约; 5个竹种叶片形态结构性状研究表明:佛肚竹、黄金间碧竹叶面积(LA)显著高于青秆竹、崖州竹、粉单竹(P<0.05),佛肚竹、青秆竹、黄金间碧竹叶厚度(LT)显著高于崖州竹、粉单竹(P<0.05),比叶面积(SLA)则相反;而5个竹种叶干物质含量(LDMC)差异不显著(F=0.691,P=0.615),不同竹种PmaxAmax与LA、LT、LDMC、SLA相关性有所差异,与LA相关性较大。[结论]簕竹属5个竹种光合特征参数与叶片形态结构性状不同,竹种生理特性与叶片形态结构性状存在一定相关性。在竹类植物保存与利用中,叶面积可作为竹类植物筛选的主要性状指标。在园林配置中,青秆竹栽培区域较广、佛肚竹栽培区域较窄、崖州竹可在阴生条件下栽培、粉单竹适宜光照充足地区生长、黄金间碧竹介于青秆竹与崖州竹之间。

关键词: 簕竹属, 光合作用, 日变化, 光响应, CO2响应, 叶片形态结构性状

Abstract: [Objective] In this study, the photosynthetic characteristics of five bamboo species in rainy season were measured to investigate the differences in photosynthetic ability among different types of bamboo in rainy season in tropical areas, in order to understand the characteristics of different bamboo species, and provide a theoretical basis for the efficient cultivation of the bamboo species and their garden applications.[Method] Five bamboo species of Bambusa in Hainan Island were used as research materials. A LI-6400 portable photosynthetic apparatus was used to measure the daily variation, light response curve and CO2 response curve. The influence of ecological environmental factors and the correlation between leaf morphological characteristics and photosynthesis were analyzed.[Result] 1) The net photosynthetic rate of different bamboo species varied greatly during the rainy season. The diurnal variation of the net photosynthetic rate of the five bamboo species all presented a "double-peak" curve with a typical photosynthetic "nap" phenomenon, and the first peak was higher than the second one. 2) The light response curve measurement showed that there were differences in the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), light saturation point (LSP) and dark respiration (Rd) over the different bamboo species. B. tuldoides Munro and B. chungii McClure had relatively higher Pmax and LSP, and lower Rd, and their photosynthetic ability was relatively strong. The net photosynthetic rate of all bamboos was higher in May-June, and lower in August-October. 3) The CO2 response curve showed that there were differences in CO2 compensation point (CCP), photorespiration rate (Rp) and carboxylation rate (CE) over the five species. The net photosynthetic rate of 5 bamboo species was higher in May-August, and lower in September-October. B. tuldoides had higher CE, Rp and Amax, and lower CCP and CSP, indicating that the photosynthetic capacity was strong, and was able to adapt to low light environment, while B. textilis var. Gracilis McClure was the opposite. 4) In rainy season, the net photosynthetic rate of five bamboo species was mainly restricted by stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), air temperature (Ta), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca). Studies on the leaf morphological characteristics of five bamboo species showed that the leaf area (LA) of B. ventricosa McClure and B. vulgaris 'Vittata' McClure was significantly greater than that of the other three bamboo species (P<0.05). The leaf thickness (LT) of B. ventricosa, B. tuldoides, and B. vulgaris 'Vittata' McClure was significantly greater than that of the other two bamboo species (P<0.05), and the specific leaf area was the opposite. However, there was no significant difference in the leaf dry matter content (LDMC) among five bamboo species (F=0.691, P=0.615). The correlations between Pmax, Amax and LA, LT, LDMC, SLA were different among different bamboo species, among which the correlations between Pmax, Amax and LA were greater.[Conclusion] A comprehensive analysis of photosynthetic characteristics and leaf morphological structure of bamboo species shows that there is a certain correlation between photosynthetic characteristics and leaf morphological characteristics of bamboo species. The photosynthetic capacity of B. tuldoides and B. chungii is the largest, followed by B. vulgaris 'Vittata' and B. ventricosa, and B. textilis var. Gracilis is the smallest. B. tuldoides has strong photosynthetic adaptability and wide cultivation area. B. ventricosa has weak photosynthetic adaptation ability and narrow cultivation area. B. chungii is suitable for growing in areas with sufficient light. B. textilis var. Gracilis McClure can be cultivated under shady condition. B. vulgaris 'Vittata' is between B. textilis var. Gracilis and B. chungii, with high ornamental value.

Key words: Bambusa, photosynthesis, diurnal changer, photosynthesis response to light curve, photosynthesis response to CO2 curve, leaf morphological characteristics

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