林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (11): 172-180.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191119
孟令君,张春雨,姚杰,赵秀海*
收稿日期:
2019-02-28
出版日期:
2019-11-25
发布日期:
2019-12-21
通讯作者:
赵秀海
基金资助:
Lingjun Meng,Chunyu Zhang,Jie Yao,Xiuhai Zhao*
Received:
2019-02-28
Online:
2019-11-25
Published:
2019-12-21
Contact:
Xiuhai Zhao
Supported by:
摘要:
目的: 探究密度制约和生境过滤在群落、龄级和物种3个水平对幼苗存活的影响及相对重要性,为温带森林幼苗更新与物种多样性维持机制研究提供理论依据。方法: 基于对吉林蛟河针阔混交林209个幼苗监测样站连续3年(2016-2018)的动态监测及光照和土壤条件的测定,运用广义线性混合模型划分零模型、生物模型、生境模型和全模型4个模型,在群落、龄级和物种3个水平分析影响幼苗存活的因素及其相对重要性。结果: 2016-2018年累计调查到乔木幼苗共计3 970株,分属19种10科13属,其中重要值排名前5位的幼苗树种是水曲柳、紫椴、色木槭、红松和东北枫;至调查结束时(2018年9月),幼苗死亡数量共计2 644株,存活率为33.4%;在群落水平上,幼苗存活率与异种幼苗邻体个体数、土壤有效钾和全磷含量均显著正相关(P < 0.05);在龄级水平上,不同年龄幼苗个体的存活对生物邻体和非生物环境因素的响应存在差异,当年生幼苗存活率与同种幼苗邻体密度和异种幼苗邻体密度均显著正相关(P < 0.05;P < 0.01),且与异种大树邻体胸高断面积之和显著负相关(P < 0.05),多年生幼苗存活率与生物邻体变量无显著相关性,而与土壤有效钾和全磷含量等非生物环境因素显著正相关(P < 0.05);在物种水平上,幼苗个体存活的影响因素表现出种间差异,水曲柳幼苗存活率与异种幼苗邻体个体数显著正相关(P < 0.05),色木槭的幼苗存活率与同种大树邻体胸高断面积之和显著负相关(P < 0.05),紫椴幼苗在土壤有效钾含量较高的生境中存活率更高,而红松幼苗偏好有效氮和有效磷含量较低的土壤环境。结论: 密度制约和生境过滤共同影响乔木幼苗存活,但其相对重要性随年龄和树种而变化。当年生幼苗存活主要受邻体的影响,而生境因素对多年生幼苗存活影响更显著。密度制约效应在吉林蛟河针阔混交林群落中得到验证,与土壤养分条件相关联的生境过滤作用对幼苗存活影响显著。在林分更新过程中需综合考虑幼苗个体存活影响因素的种间和龄级差异,在主要树种育苗及林下补植中需结合考虑不同树种偏好的生境因素进行适当管理。
中图分类号:
孟令君,张春雨,姚杰,赵秀海. 吉林蛟河针阔混交林乔木幼苗存活对密度和生境的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(11): 172-180.
Lingjun Meng,Chunyu Zhang,Jie Yao,Xiuhai Zhao. Effects of Density and Habitat on Arbor Seedling Survival in a Mixed Conifer and Broad-Leaved Forest in Jiaohe, Jilin Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(11): 172-180.
表1
土壤养分变量在3个主成分上的载荷值"
土壤变量Soil variable | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 |
全氮Total nitrogen | 0.320 | -0.337 | 0.538 |
全磷Total phosphorus | 0.450 | 0.182 | -0.218 |
全钾Total potassium | -0.371 | -0.492 | — |
有机质Organic matter | 0.378 | -0.523 | 0.233 |
有效氮Available nitrogen | 0.421 | -0.319 | -0.359 |
有效磷Available phosphorus | — | -0.258 | -0.688 |
有效钾Available potassium | 0.480 | 0.411 | — |
变异解释Proportion of variance(%) | 34.224 | 18.990 | 16.428 |
表2
幼苗存活率模型中出现的参数"
项目Item | 变量Variable | 数据Data | ||
最小值Min. | 最大值Max. | 均值Mean | ||
幼苗邻体 Seedling neighbors | 同种个体数Conspecific seedlings number | 0 | 63 | 15.4 |
异种个体数Heterospecific seedlings number | 0 | 74 | 14.29 | |
大树邻体 Adult neighbors | 同种胸高断面积Conspecific adult basal area/m2 | 0 | 2.854 4 | 0.743 2 |
异种胸高断面积Heterospecific adult basal area/m2 | 1.230 9 | 10.112 2 | 4.356 7 | |
生境因子 Habitat factors | 林冠开阔度Canopy openness | 0.989 | 3.982 | 2.148 |
土壤湿度Soil moisture(%) | 13 | 76.4 | 26.74 | |
土壤pH Soil pH value | 3.96 | 5.44 | 4.603 | |
土壤第1主成分The first principal component | -3.140 6 | 4.209 1 | 0.188 2 | |
土壤第2主成分The second principal component | -6.833 9 | 3.225 3 | 0.312 3 | |
土壤第3主成分The third principal component | -4.091 | 2.157 4 | 0.176 6 |
表3
幼苗存活率模型的AIC和△AIC值"
水平Level | 项目Item | 零模型Null | 生物模型Biotic | 生境模型Habitat | 全模型Biotic+Habitat | |||||||
AIC | △AIC | AIC | △AIC | AIC | △AIC | AIC | △AIC | |||||
群落水平 Community | 4 508.2 | 14.7 | 4 499.2 | 5.7 | 4 502.2 | 8.7 | 4 493.5 | 0 | ||||
龄级水平 Age class | 当年生One year old | 1 081.9 | 6.8 | 1 075.1 | 0 | 1 091.2 | 16.1 | 1 085.1 | 10 | |||
多年生Over one year old | 810.4 | 5.8 | 813.1 | 8.5 | 804.6 | 0 | 806.6 | 2 | ||||
物种水平 Tree species | 水曲柳Fraxinus mandschurica | 2 641.8 | 2.1 | 2 639.7 | 0 | 2 647.1 | 7.4 | 2 648.8 | 9.1 | |||
色木槭Acer mono | 337.7 | 0 | 339.6 | 1.9 | 342.9 | 5.2 | 346.3 | 8.6 | ||||
紫椴Tilia amurensis | 483.4 | 0 | 485.5 | 2.1 | 483.5 | 0.1 | 487.3 | 3.9 | ||||
东北枫Acer mandshuricum | 251.2 | 0 | 258.6 | 7.4 | 260 | 8.8 | 265.8 | 14.6 | ||||
红松Pinus koraiensis | 318.2 | 9.5 | 312.6 | 3.9 | 308.7 | 0 | 320.6 | 11.9 |
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