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林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4): 165-173.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180419

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

安徽牯牛降北坡种子植物区系特征及其多样性的海拔梯度变化

王育鹏1,2, 洪欣3, 刘坤1, 李建辉4, 周守标1, 张丁来5, 陈文豪5   

  1. 1. 安徽师范大学生命科学学院 重要生物资源保护与利用研究安徽省重点实验室 芜湖 241000;
    2. 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院 合肥 230036;
    3. 安徽大学资源与环境工程学院 合肥 230601;
    4. 衢州市农科院 衢州 324000;
    5. 安徽牯牛降国家级保护区石台管理站 池州 245100
  • 收稿日期:2018-02-03 修回日期:2018-03-13 出版日期:2018-04-25 发布日期:2018-05-28
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31400321);安徽省自然科学基金项目(11040606M77);安徽省教育厅重点项目(KJ2017A022);牯牛降森林生态系统生物多样性野外监测大样地项目;系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(LSEB2018-01)。

Floristic Analysis of Seed Plants and Altitudinal Patterns of Plant Species Diversity on the Northern Slope of Guniujiang National Nature Reserve in Anhui

Wang Yupeng1,2, Hong Xin3, Liu Kun1, Li Jianhui4, Zhou Shoubiao1, Zhang Dinglai5, Chen Wenhao5   

  1. 1. Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241000;
    2. School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agriculture University Hefei 230036;
    3. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University Hefei 230601;
    4. Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Quzhou 324000;
    5. Shitai Administration of Guniujiang National Nature Reserve, Anhui Province Chizhou 245100
  • Received:2018-02-03 Revised:2018-03-13 Online:2018-04-25 Published:2018-05-28

摘要: [目的]分析安徽省牯牛降国家级自然保护区北坡种子植物区以及植物多样性,为该区植物资源保护和利用提供依据。[方法]对牯牛降北坡植被垂直带进行样地调查并划分植物区系,分析不同海拔梯度植物群落的物种多样性。[结果]保护区种子植物丰富,区系起源古老,地理成分复杂;共有种子植物145科687属1 414种(含种下分类单位);科属的优势现象明显,属的组成相对较为分散,寡种属和单种属占总属数的94.32%;植物分布区类型表现出从亚热带到温带过渡的区系特点;牯牛降北坡植被垂直带谱为海拔800 m以下为常绿阔叶林,800~1 100 m为常绿落叶阔叶混交林,1 100~1 300 m为落叶阔叶林,300~1 500 m为针阔叶混交林,海拔1 500 m以上为黄山松针叶林;随海拔升高,植被类型表现为从亚热带常绿阔叶林向暖温带落叶阔叶林过渡;物种丰富度和多样性指数大致表现出沿海拔升高而降低的趋势;受冰川影响,南坡海拔高差大,地势陡峭,土壤层薄,因而在相同海拔条件下,北坡的物种丰富度往往大于南坡。[结论]该保护区北坡具有很高的物种多样性保护价值,物种多样性随海拔升高而下降,最大的物种多样性出现在中海拔地带。对牯牛降保护区北坡进行植被监测时,应以大样地为主要监测方法,以海拔700~1 000 m的落叶阔叶林作为主要监测对象。对北坡科普、旅游区域需进行全面系统的环境承载力和环境影响评估,建立完善生态旅游规划体系,并依照自然景观进行合理布局。

关键词: 种子植物, 区系, 植物群落, 海拔梯度, 牯牛降国家级自然保护区, 多样性

Abstract: [Objective]In order to provide theoretical basis for protection and rational utilization of the plant resources in Guniujiang National Nature Reserve of Anhui Province.[Method] In order to explore the altitudinal gradient of plant communities and plant species diversity, we sampled the vegetation on north slope of Guniujiang National Nature Reserve by sampling plots.[Result]The Spermatophyte composition was relatively rich and a total of 1414 species belonging to 145 families and 687 genera were found in the reserve. The floristic origin was ancient, geographical components were multiform and the distribution types were different. The number of genera consisting of single species or 2-5 species was accounted for 94.32% of the total number of genera. The temperate elements were more than the subtropical ones (359/234), indicating a transition of the floristic affinity from subtropics to temperate. The vertical vegetation spectrum was evergreen broad-leaved forest (below 800 m a.s.l.), mixed deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved forest (800-1 100 m a.s.l.), deciduous forest (1 100-1 300 m a.s.l.), mixed coniferous and deciduous forest (1 300-1 500 m a.s.l.), and coniferous forest (above 1 500 m a.s.l.). The vegetation types showed that Guniujiang National Nature Reserve was in the transition zone form subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest to warm temperate deciduous forest. The species richness and diversity index showed an declined trend with increase of altitude. The species richness on the nouthern slope was always higher than on the southern, while the terrain is steeper and the soil layers even thinner on the southern slope base as a consequence of the glaciation impacts.[Conclusion] The species diversity showed a pattern of "Mid-altitude bulge" with change of altitude, which means that biodiversity is higher at intermediate altitudes. There were evident differences in community structure of trees among different topographies, and topographic heterogeneity had contribution to maintaining species diversity. The conclusion presented an important basis for protecting ecosystem diversity and developing ecological monitoring in Guniujiang National Nature Reserve. Meanwhile, the study also provided guidance to choose different species combinations in different topographies when restoring mountain forest and contingent planning for multi-dimensional agriculture and ecotourism. Moreover, it was also an important tool to be applied in promoting ecosystem services and ecological security in the Huangshan Mountains.

Key words: seed plant, flora, plant community, altitudinal gradient, Guniujiang National Nature Reserve, diversity

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