白桦不同轻基质容器苗生长及养分分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160704

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 对白桦不同轻基质容器苗地上及地下生长动态、生物量变化以及各营养器官养分含量差异进行综合评价，寻找适宜白桦轻基质容器苗生长的基质组成，为白桦轻基质容器苗培育提供理论与技术支持。[方法] 以木耳废弃菌棒、玉米腐熟秸秆、玉米腐熟穗芯和草炭土为主要成分，加入适量的落叶松松针腐殖质和蛭石，按体积比配制成4种育苗基质，即木耳废弃菌棒+落叶松松针腐殖质+蛭石（T₁）、玉米腐熟秸秆+落叶松松针腐殖质+蛭石（T₂）、玉米腐熟穗芯+落叶松松针腐殖质+蛭石（T₃）、草炭土+落叶松松针腐殖质+蛭石（T₄），以常规营养土为对照（CK），在无纺布袋内进行白桦容器苗培育试验。[结果] 1）经过70天的连续观察，各轻基质容器苗苗高、地径、高径比和叶面积与对照具有相同的生长节律，苗木在这些新型轻基质内均可正常生长。2）当苗木生长到70天时，T₄处理的平均苗高和叶面积最大，分别是CK的1.32，1.38倍。各容器苗地径生长情况为T₄ >T₃ >T₁ >T₂ >CK；T₂处理的的高径比最小。各基质比根长及总根尖数均表现为T₁ >T₂ >T₃ >T₄，总根尖数均显著高于CK （P<0.05）。T₄处理的苗木整株生物量最高，T₁次之，均显著高于CK，分别是CK的2.24，1.42倍。T₄处理的苗木质量指数最大。各轻基质容器苗整株全氮含量由高到低依次为T₃ >T₄ >T₂ >T₁。T₄处理的苗木全磷含量显著高于其他处理，各轻基质苗木全钾含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。[结论] 白桦在草炭土轻基质中生长最优，在其他3种轻基质中的生长也优于常规营养土。木耳废弃菌棒混合基质中苗木根系发育最好。因草炭土资源的不可再生性及开采限制性，考虑到木耳废弃菌棒混合基质易获取、质量轻及促进根系发育的特点，建议推广以木耳废弃菌棒为主要组成的混合基质作为白桦容器苗育苗基质。

关键词: 白桦, 轻基质, 容器苗, 木耳废弃菌棒, 玉米秸秆, 玉米穗芯, 草炭土

Abstract: [Objective] Our objective is to find out the media composition suitable for birch container seedling growth, through the comprehensive evaluation of the growth dynamic of above and underground parts, the biomass and the nutrient content of the container seedlings in different light media.[Method] We used four different light media as the main ingredients. They were edible fungus wastes, corn rotten straw, corn rotten core and peat soil, with supplementing an appropriate amount of humus of larch needles and vermiculite. Four media were mixed with those ingredients, namely edible fungus wastes+humus of larch needles and vermiculite (T₁); corn rotten straw+humus of larch needles and vermiculite (T₂); corn rotten core+humus of larch needles and vermiculite (T₃); peat soil + humus of larch needles and vermiculite (T₄). Additionally, the convenient nutrient soil served as control (CK). We measured the height, the diameter, the ratio of height to diameter, the leaf area, the biomass and the nutrition content of the seedlings in different media.[Result] 1) Over 70 days of continuous observation, we found that all the seedlings in the four light media containers had the same growth rhythm as the control. 2) After 70 days growth, the average height and the leaf area of the seedlings in T₄ were greatest, and 2.24 and 1.42 times of the control, respectively. The ground diameter of seedlings in all media from big to small was:peat soil (T₄) > corn core (T₃) > edible fungus wastes (T₁) > corn stem (T₂) > control (CK). The specific root length and the root number of the seedlings in T₁ were higher than the other media including the control (P<0.05). The biomass of seedlings in T₄ and T₁ were 2.24 and 1.42 times higher than the control, respectively. The quality index of seedlings in peat soil was best among the all media. The nitrogen content of seedlings from high to low was:corn core (T₃) > peat soil (T₄) > corn stem (T₂) > edible fungus wastes (T₁) > control (CK). The phosphorus content of seedlings in peat soil was better than the other media. The potassium content in seedlings had no significant difference among all media (P>0.05).[Conclusion] Peat soil was the best container medium than the other light media and the control. The seedlings in edible fungus wastes, the corn core, and the corn stem media were all growth better than those in the control. The edible fungus wastes media promoted the root growth significantly. As we know that peat soil consistently reduces in the world. Thus we suggest using edible fungus wastes as the light container medium, not only because it is easy to access, but also it has light weight and promotes root development.

Key words: Betula platyphylla, light media, container seedlings, edible fungus wastes, corn straw, corn core, peat soil

中图分类号:

S723.13

李贵雨, 卫星, 汤园园, 吕琳, 杜欣竹. 白桦不同轻基质容器苗生长及养分分析[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(7): 30-37.

Li Guiyu, Wei Xing, Tang Yuanyuan, Lü Lin, Du Xinzhu. Growth and Nutrient Content of Betula platyphylla Container Seedling in Different Light Media[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(7): 30-37.

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