不同育苗基质对圃地崖柏出苗率和苗木生长的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150902

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的] 研究不同育苗基质对崖柏出苗率和幼苗生长的影响并探讨其影响机制,为崖柏种子繁殖和优质壮苗培育基质的选择提供参考。[方法] 在重庆市雪宝山国家级自然保护区崖柏繁育圃,以森林腐殖土、耕作土、草炭土、珍珠岩和蛭石为基质原料,按体积比配制成3种育苗基质分别为耕作土:森林腐殖土(1:1)(FS)、草炭土(GS)和草炭土:珍珠岩:蛭石(1:1:1)(GPS),采用种子催芽后条播方式,按照随机区组3次重复试验设计方法,布置育苗基质对崖柏种子育苗影响的田间试验。[结果] GPS和GS比FS育苗基质的温度调节能力强,GPS能够在温度较低的月份将基质温度调节到较高水平,GS能够在温度较高的月份将基质温度调节到较低水平; 不同育苗基质土壤密度表现为FS >GS >GPS; 土壤持水量(包括最大持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量)与土壤密度的排序相反; 不同基质的pH值差异显著,FS偏碱性,GS和GPS呈弱酸性; 3种育苗基质都可满足崖柏幼苗对土壤肥力的基本需求,但含有草炭土的GPS和草炭土GS的土壤肥力较高; 不同育苗基质的出苗率表现为GS >GPS >FS,GS和GPS的差异不显著; FS的出苗率仅为GS的23%,GPS的27%; 在崖柏幼苗生长期间,对3次调查的平均苗高、地径、一级侧枝数、主根长、一级侧根数、平均单株地上和地下干质量这7个形态质量指标的隶属函数值计算及综合评判的结果表明,GPS育苗基质的苗木形态质量最优,其次是GS,FS最差。[结论] GS的质地疏松、保水性能和透气性能良好,是崖柏出苗率较高的重要原因; 不同基质水、肥、气、热等因素上的差异,以及各因素的协调能力是导致崖柏幼苗形态质量出现基质差别的重要原因。

关键词: 崖柏, 种子育苗, 育苗基质, 出苗率, 苗木质量

Abstract:

[Objective] The effects of different substrates on Thuja sutchuenensis seedling growth and its influence mechanism were investigated to provide a reference for matrix selection of seed breeding and high quality seedling cultivation. [Method] The seed breeding test was carried out in breeding nursery, located in Xuebaoshan National Nature Reserve and completely randomized in design and repeated for three times. Seeds were first presoaked to enhance germination rate and then cultured on three different substrates: FS (Forest humus:cultivated soil=1:1), GS (peat) and GPS (peat:vermiculite:pearlite=1:1:1) in line.[Result] Results indicated that: 1) Compared with substrate FS, substrates containing peat (GS and GPS) were better at regulating soil temperature. More specially, substrate GPS could increase the soil temperature and play a temperature-keeping role during September to next March when the temperature is lower. While substrate GS could lower substrate temperature at a certain level during April to August when the atmosphere temperature is relatively higher. 2) Substrate FS had the highest soil bulk density, then GS, and then GPS. However, the soil water-holding capacity (the soil maximum moisture capacity, the soil capillary moisture capacity and the soil non-capillary moisture capacity) was opposite (GPS >GS >FS). 3) The pH of three substrates were significantly different. The pH of substrate FS was weak alkaline (7.48), while substrate GS and GPS with weak acid (pH5.07 and 5.86, respectively). 4) Although soil fertility of three substrates could meet the basic need of seedling growth, substrates (GS and GPS) had a higher soil fertility than substrate FS. Field garden emergence rate and the seedling quality accorded with the soil physical and chemical properties of different substrates. In field garden emergence rate, substrate GS was the highest, and then GPS and FS. The proportion of FS for GS and GPS was only 23% and 27%, respectively. The difference of field garden emergence rate between GS and GPS was not significant. 5) The survey of seven seedling morphological indices (such as the seedling height, the ground diameter, the branch number, the length of principal root, the number of lateral root, theabove-ground and below-ground dry mass) investigation in three different stages and analysis of membership function value revealed that: substrate GPS had the best seedling quality, and then substrate GS.[Conclusion] The main reason for higher field garden emergence rate of substrates GS and GPS was their more loose soil texture, better water retention property and permeability than substrate FS. The mechanism of better quality seedlings for GS and GPS was their perfect coordination between water, fertilizer, gas and heat.

Key words: Thuja sutchuenensis, seed seedling, nur sery substrate, germination rate, seedling quality

中图分类号:

S723.1⁺31

秦爱丽, 郭泉水, 简尊吉, 朱莉, 裴顺祥, 赵志禄, 邢继畴. 不同育苗基质对圃地崖柏出苗率和苗木生长的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(9): 9-17.

Qin Aili, Guo Quanshui, Jian Zunji, Zhu Li, Pei Shunxiang, Zhao Zhilu, Xing Jichou. Effects of Different Nursery Substrates on Germination Rate and Seedling Growth of Thuja sutchuenensis[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(9): 9-17.

参考文献

邓煜,刘志峰. 2000. 温室容器育苗基质及苗木生长规律的研究. 林业科学,36(5): 33-40.
(Deng Y, Liu Z F. 2000. Study on growing medium and growth law for containerized seedling stocks grown in greenhouse. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 36 (5): 33-40.[in chinese])
郭泉水,王祥福,巴哈尔古丽,等. 2007. 崖柏群落优势乔木树种种间关系. 生态学杂志, 26(12): 1911-1917.
(Guo Q S, Wang X F, Bar G L, et al. 2007. Interspecific relationships of dominant tree species in Thuja sutclmenensis community. Chinese Journal of Ecoloy, 26 (12): 1911-1917.[in chinese])
郭泉水,王祥福,巴哈尔古丽,等. 2009. 崖柏群落维管束植物生活型组成、叶片性状及层次层片结构. 应用生态学报, 20(9): 2057-2062.
(Guo Q S, Wang X F, Bar G L, et al. 2009. Life form spectra, leaf character, and hierarchical-synusia structure of vascular plants in Thuja sutchuenensis community. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20 (9): 2057- 2062.[in chinese])
国家林业局.1999.中华人民共和国林业行业标准-森林土壤分析方法.北京:中国标准出版社.
(The State Forestry Administration.1999.Forestry industry standard of the people's
republic of china-forest soil analysis method.Beijing:China Standard Press.[in chinese])
韩瑞宏,卢欣石,高桂娟,等. 2006. 紫花苜蓿抗旱性主成分及隶属函数分析.草地学报,14(2): 142-146.
(Han R H, Lu X S, Gao G J, et al. 2006. Analysis of the principal components and the subordinate function of alfalfa drought resistance. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 14 (2): 142-146.[in chinese])
黄志玲,彭玉华,朱积余,等. 2014. 不同基质对台湾桤木容器苗生长的影响,西部林业科学,43(2): 92-96.
(Huang Z L, Peng Y H, Zhu J Y, et al. 2014. Effects of different base materials on growth of container seedlings of Alnus formosana. Journal of West China Forestry Science, 43 (2): 92-96.[in chinese])
金国庆,周志春,胡红宝,等. 2005. 3种乡土阔叶树种容器育苗技术研究. 林业科学研究,18(4): 387-392.
(Jin Q Q, Zhou Z C, Hu H B, et al. 2005. Studies on container seedlings cultural techniques of three native broad-leaved tree species. Forest Research, 18 (4): 387-392.[in chinese])
金江群,郭泉水,朱莉,等. 2012. 干旱和复水对崖柏光合特性及水分利用效率的影响. 植物科学学报,30(6): 599-610.
(Jin J Q, Guo Q S, Zhu L, et al. 2012. Photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency of Thuja sutchuenensis Franch. during water stress and recovery. Plant Science Journal, 30 (6): 599-610.[in chinese])
金铁山. 1992.树木苗圃学. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江科学技术出版社.
(Jin T S. 1992. Forest tree nursery. Harbin: Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press.[in chinese])
李斗争,张志国.2005.设施栽培基质研究进展. 北方园艺,(5): 7-9.
(Li D Z, Zhang Z G. 2005. The recent advances on growing media. Northern Horticulture, (5): 7-9.[in chinese])
李新利,李向军,支恩波,等. 2012.不同育苗基质对白榆长根苗生长的影响. 河北林业科技, (4): 9-11.
(Li X L, Li X J, Zhi E B. 2012. Effects of different substrates on seedling growth of Ulmus pumila L. Practical Forestry Technology, (4): 9-11.[in chinese])
李永荣,杜佩剑,刘永之,等.2008. 浙江楠容器育苗基质配方研究.江苏林业科技,35(1): 1-5.
(Li Y R, Du P J, Liu Y Z. et al. 2008. Study on substrate formulation of container nursery of Phoebe chekiangensis. Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science &Technolog, 35 (1): 1-5.[in chinese])
林霞,郑坚,刘洪见,等. 2010.不同基质对无柄小叶榕容器苗生长和叶片生理特性的影响.林业科学,46(8): 63-70.
(Lin X, Zheng J, Liu H J, et al. 2010. Effects of different media on growth and leaf physiological characteristics of Ficus concinna var. subsessilis container seedlings. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 46 (8):
63-70.[in chinese])
刘建锋,肖文发,郭志华,等. 2004. 珍稀濒危植物--崖柏种群结构与动态初步研究. 江西农业大学学报,26(3): 377-380.
(Liu J F, Xiao W F, Guo Z H, et al. 2004. A preliminary study on population structure and dynamics of a rare and endangered plant,Thuja sutchuenensis (Cupressaceae). Acta Agricuhurae Universitatis Jiangxiensi, 26 (3): 377-380.[in chinese])
刘帅成,何洪城,曾琴. 2014. 国内外育苗基质研究进展. 北方园艺,(15): 205-208.
(Liu S C, Fie H C, Zeng Q. 2014. Research progress of breeding substrate at home and abroad. Northern Horticulture, (15): 205-208.[in chinese])
彭邵锋,陈永忠,杨小胡.2009. 不同育苗基质对油茶良种容器苗生长的影响.中南林业科技大学学报,29(1): 25-31.
(Peng S F, Chen Y Z,Yang X H. 2009. Effects of different nursery substrata on the growth of container seedlings from improved varieties of oil-tea Camellia. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 29 (1): 25-31.[in chinese])
尚秀华,谢耀坚,杨小红,等.2012. 不同配比的腐熟基质对桉树育苗效果影响的研究.热带作物学报,33(12): 2150-2155.
(Shang X H, Xie Y J, Yang X H, et al. 2012. Different mixing proportion media on eucalyptus seedling. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 33 (12): 2150-2153.[in chinese])
唐熙,李振宇,胡玉熹. 2005. 中国特有濒危植物崖柏的木材结构研究.武汉植物学研究,23(2): 149-153.
(Tang X, Li Z Y, Hu Y X. 2005. Wood anatomy of Thuja sutchuenensis endemic to China. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 23 (2): 149-153.[in chinese])
陶向新.1982.模糊数学在农业科学中的初步应用.沈阳农业大学学报,(2): 96-107.
(Tao X X. 1982. A preliminary application of fuzzy mathematic in agricultural science. Jounal of Shenyang Agricultural College, (2): 96-107.[in chinese])
王缇. 2009. 育苗基质研究综述.现代农业科技,(16): 77-81.
(Wang T. 2009. Review of research on seedling substrate. Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology, (16): 77-81.[in chinese])
王祥福,郭泉水,巴哈尔古丽,等. 2008. 崖柏群落优势乔木种群生态位. 林业科学,44(4): 6-13.
(Wang X F, Guo Q S, Bar G L, et al. 2008. Niche of dominant arbor populations in Thuja sutchuenensis community. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 44 (4): 6-13.[in chinese])
吴章文,吴楚材,陈奕洪,等. 2010. 8种柏科植物的精气成分及其生理功效分析. 中南林业科技大学学报,30(10): 1-9.
(Wu Z W, Wu C C, Chen Y H, et al. 2010. Components of phytoncidere in Cupressaceae plants and theirs physiological efficacy analysis. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technolog, 30 (10): 1-9.[in chinese])
杨文娟,江泽平,刘建锋,等. 2013. 不同光环境下濒危植物崖柏的光合日动态. 林业科学研究,26(3): 373-378.
(Yang W J, Jiang Z P, Liu J F, et al. 2013. Diurnal photosynthetic dynamic of Thuja sutchuenensis under different light environments. Forest Research, 26 (3): 373-378.[in chinese])
俞新妥. 1958. 杉木和马尾松种子场圃发芽率的初步研究.林业科学,(4): 422-433.
(Yu X T.1958. A preliminary study on the germination rate of the seeds of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, (4): 422-433.[in chinese])
朱莉,郭泉水, 朱妮妮,等. 2014. 世界极危物种-崖柏球果和种子性状研究. 种子,33(7): 56-63.
(Zhu L, Guo Q S, Zhu N N, et al. 2014. Study on the cones and seeds biological characteristic of a critically endangered species, Thuja sutchuenensis, in the World. Seed, 33 (7): 56-63.[in chinese])
朱莉,郭泉水,金江群,等. 2013. 崖柏幼苗光合作用与叶绿素荧光参数对自然降温的响应. 河北农业大学学报,36(4): 49-55.
(Zhu L, Guo Q S, Jin J Q, et al. 2013. The response of photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Thuja sutchuenensis seedlings to natural cooling. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 36 (4): 49-55.[in chinese])
Baskin C C, Baskin J M. 1988.Germination ecophysiology of herbaceous plant species in a temperate region.American Journal of Botany, 75(2): 286-305.
Brady N C, Weil R R. The nature and properties of soils. 11th ed. Pearson-Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
Jackson B E, Wright Robert D, Nazim Gruda. 2009. Container medium pH in a pine tree substrate amended with peat moss and dolomitie limestone affects plant growth. Horticulture Sdence, 44 (7): 1983-1987.
Incoln T, Eduardo Z. 2009. Plant physiology. Beijing: Sciences Press.
Li J H, Xiang Q P. 2005. Phylogeny and biogeography of Thuja L. (Cupressaceae), an eastern Asian and North American disjunct genus. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 47 (6): 651-659.
Peng D, Wang X Q. 2008. Reticulate evolution in Thuja inferred from multiple gene sequences: implications for the study of biogeographical disjunction between eastern Asia and North America. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47 (3): 1190-1202.
Zadeh L A. 1965. Fuzzy sets.Information and Control, 8(3): 338-353.

[1]	王好运, 吴峰, 朱小坤, 谢维斌. 叶型对马尾松幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特征的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(3): 183-192.
[2]	秦爱丽, 简尊吉, 马凡强, 郭泉水, 郑祥坤. 母树年龄、生长调节剂、容器与基质对崖柏嫩枝扦插的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(7): 40-50.
[3]	陈琳, 曾杰, 贾宏炎, 蒙彩兰, 黎明. 容器规格和基质配方对红锥幼苗生长及造林效果的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(3): 76-83.
[4]	简尊吉, 马凡强, 郭泉水, 裴顺祥, 秦爱丽, 肖文发, 赵志禄. 回归崖柏苗木存活和生长对海拔梯度的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(11): 1-11.
[5]	李国雷;刘勇;祝燕;蒋乐;史文辉. 国外容器苗质量调控技术研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(8): 135-142.
[6]	李国雷;祝燕;李庆梅;刘勇;邹尚庆;黄有龙. 红松苗龄型对苗木质量和造林效果的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(1): 35-41.
[7]	李国雷;刘勇;祝燕. 苗木切根技术研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(9): 140-147.
[8]	祝燕;刘勇;李国雷;林平;康瑶瑶;孙宇. 氮素营养对长白落叶松移植苗生长及养分状况的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(9): 168-172.
[9]	李国雷;刘勇;祝燕. 秋季施肥调控苗木质量研究评述[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(11): 166-171.
[10]	王祥福郭泉水巴哈尔古丽刘正宇任明波. 崖柏群落优势乔木种群生态位[J]. 林业科学, 2008, 44(4): 6-13.
[11]	何彦峰彭祚登樊辉. 狭叶冬青实生苗的培育技术[J]. 林业科学, 2007, 43(09): 139-143.
[12]	邓煜刘志峰. 温室容器育苗基质及苗木生长规律的研究[J]. 林业科学, 2000, 36(5): 33-39.
[13]	连友钦郑槐明邓明全贾慧君陈蓬. 林业应用稀土的技术与效果[J]. , 1995, 31(5): 453-459.