天牛视觉感受机制研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150917

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的] 天牛是林业重要的蛀干害虫,其中有些种类如松墨天牛、光肩星天牛等是重要的检疫性害虫,给我国林业生产和生态环境带来巨大危害。昆虫利用视觉、嗅觉、味觉、听觉信号去定位和识别寄主及配偶,在过去的几十年中,大量的工作主要集中在嗅觉及其化学生态学上; 而视觉作为重要的感觉系统之一,对昆虫寄主和配偶定位及识别等多种行为活动起着至关重要的作用,然而对视觉调节天牛成虫行为的研究却相对较少,尤其是对天牛视觉系统研究的综述还未见报道。[方法] 利用Web of Science,Google Scholar,CNKI等数据库,查询天牛科视觉的相关文献。对天牛成虫视觉器官(复眼)的组织解剖学结构特征、视觉对天牛成虫行为的调节作用以及灯诱在林业害虫综合治理中的应用方面研究进行综述。[结果] 天牛成虫的复眼围绕在触角的基部,被触角分为上下2部,呈肾形,无晶眼或伪晶眼类型,每个小眼含有8个视网膜细胞,其中2个中心细胞被6个周缘细胞包围; 日行性和夜行性天牛种类复眼解剖结构学上的主要区别在于小眼密度、感杆束占据视网膜细胞的面积比率等。虫体和寄主植物颜色、形状及大小是主要的视觉信号来源,不仅可以影响某些天牛种类的交配成功率,而且可以影响对寄主植物的定位及非寄主植物的区分。灯光诱杀是害虫综合治理(IPM)中重要的手段之一,具有延缓害虫抗药性、降低防治成本和对环境影响小等优点; 诱捕光源的光谱和光强以及诱捕器的形状及颜色对害虫的诱集效果均有显著影响,目前对天牛的诱集光源(主要是黑光灯和高压汞灯一类紫外光)研究较多,而对光谱、光强以及诱捕器外形对天牛诱捕效率的影响研究较少; 同样,灯光诱杀也可以用于出入境检验检疫局对检疫性的天牛害虫进行检测。[结论] 视觉系统不仅在昆虫的觅食和求偶行为中起着重要的作用,而且对产卵位置识别、躲避天敌等行为均有重要的意义, 但是,天牛科成虫的视觉系统及视觉生态学相关的研究却很缺乏; 将来可以从寄主植物和配偶的颜色、形状、大小等特征对天牛行为活动的影响,日行和夜行性天牛复眼的解剖学特征及区别等对天牛视觉生理生态学相关内容进行深入研究,为研制优异的、环境友好型的诱捕和测报装置提供理论基础,同时也为合理调控天牛及其天敌昆虫的种群结构提供理论基础。

关键词: 蛀干害虫, 天牛, 视觉, 复眼, 灯诱

Abstract:

[Objective] Longhorn beetles are important trunkborer pests of forests and can cause serious damage to forest ecosystem; some insects in cerambycidae, such as Monochamus alternatus, Anoplophora glabripennis, are even important quarantine pests. Many insects use visual, olfactory, gustatory and auditory cues to locate and recognize their preference host plants and mates. In the last few decades a great deal of work has been devoted to olfactory sense and chemical ecology. It is well known that the visual sensory system is also one of the important sensory systems of insects and plays a vital role in the behavior activities of host and mate location and recognition and so on, however, study on it is relative less compared with the research on olfactory system in the influence of behavior activities of longhorn beetle, especially the review of visual mechanism of cerambycidae is not reported. [Method] The database of Web of Science and Google Scholar, the Chinese journal full-text database of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were used to systematically search for publication relevant to visual system of cerambycidae. This paper not only introduces the characteristic anatomy structure of the visual organ of cerambycidae, but also reviews roles the visual system plays for the host and mate location and recognition of cerambycidae, as well as the utilization of research results on visual mechanism in the integrated pest management of forests. [Result] The adult of longicorn beetle possess two compound eyes, each of which is divided into two parts by antenna. The eyes occupy lateral position on either side of the head and surround the basal of antenna and the shape is kidney type and belongs to acone eye and pseudocone eye. Every ommatidium has eight retinula cells, and two central retinula cells are surrounded by six peripheral cells. The distinctions of diurnal and nocturnal longicorn beetles are mainly based on ommatidium density and the ratio of area of rhabdoms and retinula cells and so on in the anatomical structures. The visual cues of host plants and mates, including color, shape and size, are often the three key components, and those cues not only can affect mating success ratio of some longicorn beetles but also can influence host-plant location and non-host plant distinction. Light trap is one of important methods of Integrated Pest Management, and it has the merits of delaying insect resistance development, reducing control cost and little effect on environment. The trapping effect of pests was influenced significantly by the spectrum and intensity of light resource, as well as shape and color of trapping apparatus, but the light resource to lure longicorn beetles is mainly ultraviolet light, including black light and high-pressure mercury discharge lamp. The researches of spectrum and intensity of trapping light resource and shape of trapping apparatus to influence mean catch of target pests are insufficient up to now. The light trap may also be used to detect quarantine longicorn beetles in the entry-exit inspection and quarantine. [Conclusion] Visual systems play an important role in the forage searching and mating of insects, and are also important for the recognition of oviposition sites, avoidance natural enemy and so on. However, the researches of visual systems and visual ecology of longicorn beetles remain scarce. In the future, the visual physiological and ecological relevant contents should be further researched, including how to influence activity behavior of longicorn beetles by the color, shape and size of potential host plants and mates, the anatomical characteristics and distinction of diurnal and nocturnal longicorn beetles and so on. The researches can supply a theoretical basis for the development of outstanding and environmentally friendly trap and prediction and forecast device and regulate and control reasonably population structure of longicorn beetles and their nature enemy.

Key words: Trunkborers, cerambycids, visual, compound eye, light trapping

中图分类号:

S763.38

吕飞, 海小霞, 王志刚, 毕拥国, 刘炳响, 阎爱华. 天牛视觉感受机制研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(9): 134-140.

Lü Fei, Hai Xiaoxia, Wang Zhigang, Bi Yongguo, Liu Bingxiang, Yan Aihua. Progress on the Visual Sensory Mechanism of the Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(9): 134-140.

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