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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 127-133.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150817

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

青檀新害虫——青檀绵叶蚜(半翅目: 蚜科)的生物学特性

李伟伟1,2, 安广池3,4, 乔格侠5, 姜立云5, 周成刚1,6, 赵洋民7   

  1. 1. 山东农业大学植物保护学院 泰安 271018;
    2. 邯郸市林业局森防站 邯郸 056002;
    3. 枣庄市市中区林业局 枣庄 277102;
    4. 山东宏大园艺科学研究所 枣庄 277117;
    5. 中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100101;
    6. 山东省林业有害生物防控工程技术研究中心 泰安 271018;
    7. 枣庄市森防检疫站 枣庄 277800
  • 收稿日期:2014-07-14 修回日期:2015-05-11 出版日期:2015-08-25 发布日期:2015-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 周成刚
  • 基金资助:

    山东省农业良种工程重点课题(2013LZA04001); 枣庄市科技攻关项目(201011)。

Biology of Shivaphis pteroceltis (Hemiptera: Aphididae), A New Pest of Pteroceltis tatarinowii

Li Weiwei1,2, An Guangchi3,4, Qiao Gexia5, Jiang Liyun5, Zhou Chenggang1,6, Zhao Yangmin7   

  1. 1. College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018;
    2. Forest Protection Station of Handan Forestry Bureau Handan 056002;
    3. Forestry Bureau of Central District Zaozhuang 277102;
    4. Horticulture Research Institute of Shandong Hongda Zaozhuang 277117;
    5. Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101;
    6. Engineering Research Center of Forest Pest Management of Shandong Province Tai'an 271018;
    7. Forest Protection and Quarantine Station of Zaozhuang Zaozhuang 277800
  • Received:2014-07-14 Revised:2015-05-11 Online:2015-08-25 Published:2015-09-10

摘要:

[目的] 研究青檀绵叶蚜的分布与为害、形态特征、生物学特性等,为进一步研究其生态学特性及综合防治方法奠定基础。[方法] 对山东和安徽青檀自然分布区内的青檀绵叶蚜分布和发生情况进行调查。 在青檀绵叶蚜生活周期的不同阶段,从野外及实验室饲养的蚜虫种群中采集所有虫态,用光学显微镜、解剖镜、数码体视显微镜等观察、测量并记录各虫态形态特征。 从3月越冬卵开始孵化到11月受精卵产生,每周定期进行林间和室内饲养观察,记录青檀绵叶蚜的为害特点、生活史和生活习性。[结果] 青檀绵叶蚜在山东、安徽等地均有分布,若蚜及成蚜以口针刺入叶片及嫩枝等韧皮部,吸取汁液,导致叶片褪绿变黄、卷曲甚至脱落,造成种子无法发育,严重影响青檀结实,虫体产生的蜜露还诱发严重的煤污病;蚜虫群居在叶片背面主叶脉附近,并沿叶柄基部主脉向叶边缘侧脉扩散为害。青檀绵叶蚜卵初产时为橙黄色,后逐渐变为黑褐色至黑色,越冬卵为亮黑色,光泽明显;初生若蚜为椭圆形,通体透明,体表无蜡丝蜡粉;若蚜4个龄期,体被长蜡丝蜡粉;成蚜呈椭圆形,黄绿色,被白色长蜡丝; 干母成蚜无翅,较无翅孤雌成蚜粗短; 孤雌成蚜分有翅型和无翅型2种; 雌性蚜无翅,雄性蚜有翅。在山东枣庄,越冬卵3月中下旬开始孵化出干母,4月产生干雌,5月产生孤雌蚜,10月上旬产生性蚜,10月中旬雌雄性蚜交尾后产生受精卵,以卵在青檀上越冬。无翅型耐饥性强于有翅型。[结论] 目前发现青檀绵叶蚜仅为害青檀,在山东、安徽等地均有分布,营同寄主全周期生活,呈群居分布,以无翅型为主,耐饥性较强; 青檀绵叶蚜具有繁殖快、数量多、暴发性强、危害时间长等特点,对不同地区、不同种源的青檀均造成危害,是青檀上危害较重的一类新害虫。

关键词: 青檀, 青檀绵叶蚜, 生物学特性

Abstract:

[Objective] Shivaphis pteroceltis(Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a new aphid species attacking trees of Pteroceltis tatarinowii. It damages leaves, fruits and young branches of the host, and mainly affects the growth of trees and induces the sooty mold of P. tatarinowii and the other plants nearby. This study focuses on the distribution and damage, morphological traits, and biological traits of the insect, and intends to lay the foundation for the further study of its ecological traits and comprehensive control. [Method] Distribution and Damage: The distribution and occurrence of the insect were investigated in the P. tatarinowii natural distribution area in Shandong and Anhui provinces. Morphology: Morphology of each instar state from field and laboratory reared populations were collected and observed, measured and recorded with optical microscopes, dissecting microscope, digital stereo microscope. Biology: The damage characteristics, life history and habits were observed in the field and laboratory and recorded regularly each week from hatching of overwintering eggs in March to production of fertilized eggs in November.[Result] Distribution and Damage: S. pteroceltis was found in Shandong, Anhui and other regions. The mouth needle of the aphid inserted into the phloem of leaves and twigs, sucked juices, which caused the leaves yellow, seeds dysplasia. In addition, its body produced honey dew also induced serious sooty mold. They gathered at the main veins on the back of the blade, and along the base of petiole main veins spreading to lateral veins of leaf edge. Morphology: The fresh eggs were orange yellow, gradually become dark brown to black; and the overwintered egg was bright black with luster; The newly hatched nymph was elliptic in form and translucent without thick wax powder and wax filaments; The nymph molted 4 times and became adult aphid. The adult body bore thick wax powder and wax filaments. The adult body was elliptic in form, yellow-green, bearing thick wax powder and wax filaments; viviparous females had both apterous and alate forms. The oviparous female was wingless while its male had wings. Biology: Fundatrix was produced by the overwintered egg in mid-late March in Zaozhuang area, the 1st instar nymph of fundatrigenia was occurred in April and the viviparous female was produced in May. The sexupara was appeared in early October, after mating in mid-October they produced the fertilized eggs which overwintered. Apterous viviparous females showed stronger hunger-resistance than the alate ones.[Conclusion] It was found that S. pteroceltis only infested P. tatarinowii. The aphid was found right now in Shandong, Anhui and other areas. Its life cycle indicated mono-hosted, living in groups with apterous type predominantly and strong hunger-resistance ability. As S. pteroceltis has characters of fast breeding, numerous in number, fast spreading, it could cause severe damages to P. tatarinowii in many areas.

Key words: Pteroceltis tatarinowii, Shivaphis pteroceltis, biological characters

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