关键词: 林业高质量发展, 生态产品, 价值实现效率, 重点国有林区

Abstract:

Objective: This study addresses the disconnect between the theoretical framework of high-quality development in forestry and the practice of realizing the value of forest ecological products. By proposing an observable conceptual framework, it analyzes whether the realization of forest ecological product value facilitates high-quality development in key state-owned forest regions. The research aims to resolve crucial practical challenges associated with the value realization of forest ecological products and the advancement of high-quality forestry development under state-owned forest management systems. Method: The study optimizes the input-output indicator system for the efficiency of ecological product value realization in the Northeast state-owned forest regions. Using technologies and methods such as ArcGIS, equivalent factors, Super-SBM model, Super-Malmquist index, and coefficient of variation, it calculates the efficiency of forest ecological product value realization for 87 forestry enterprises in key state-owned forest regions from 2003 to 2020, which is an important criterion for the degree of high-quality development in forestry. Result: 1) The value flow of forest ecological assets in key state-owned forest regions is enormous, mainly composed of the value of forest support and regulation services, which aligns with the foundational requirements for green and high-quality development. By 2020, the value of support and regulation services reached 728.34 billion yuan, while supply services and cultural services amounted to 46.06 billion yuan and 37.70 billion yuan. However, the total output value of forest ecological products showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, dropping to 9.87 billion yuan in 2020, mainly due to the reduced output value of wood products. 2) The average efficiency of forest ecological product realization in key state-owned forest regions is low, and the goal of high-quality forestry development has not been fully achieved. From 2003 to 2020, the average efficiency of forest ecological product value realization was only 0.39, with the number of forestry bureaus reaching an effective level each year of less than 1/4 of the total area. By region, the Jilin Forestry Group had the highest efficiency in ecological product value realization, with an average of 0.63. In contrast, the Daxing’anling Forestry Group had the lowest efficiency, with an average of 0.32. 3) According to the total factor productivity(TFP) and its decomposition results, the average of total factor productivity(TFP) in key state-owned forest regions from 2003 to 2020 was 1.025. The mean of technical progress change(TC) was 1.042, and the innovation effect caused by technological progress was the main source of growth in the transformation of ecological product value in key state-owned forest regions. 4) The variation coefficient of different forestry groups first decreased and then increased, and the numerical gap in value realization efficiency expanded over time. In 2009, the overall variation coefficient was the smallest, at 0.81; by 2020, the variation coefficient was 1.38. Regional development was uncoordinated, with the forestry bureaus under the Jilin Forestry Group taking the lead in entering the stage of high-quality forestry development. Conclusion: By realizing the value of forest ecological products, key state-owned forest regions promote technological and organizational innovation as the driving force for development, cultivate ecological capital as a key element, implement innovative and green development concepts, and push forestry towards high-quality development. However, bottlenecks such as low output elasticity of ecological capital, significant regional development disparities, and limited sharing of development outcomes continue to constrain high-quality development in these regions. Addressing these challenges requires tailored and categorized policies tailored to local conditions to advance the realization of forest ecological product value. This study provides an observable conceptual framework and empirical evidence to support the implementation of the strategic directive to “cultivate new drivers for high-quality economic development” and promote context-specific approaches to realizing ecological product value.

Key words: high-quality forestry development, ecological products, value realization efficiency, key state-owned forest regions