一种重要的桉树外来入侵害虫——桉树叶瘿球角姬小蜂（膜翅目：姬小蜂科）

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230088

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 对我国桉树叶片上形成疱状虫瘿危害，造成桉树叶片大量脱落的外来入侵的一种害虫进行分类鉴定，确定害虫种类，为防治该外来入侵害虫提供参考。方法: 在广西北海市合浦县，采集雷林1号桉树有虫瘿叶片120枚，置于2个圆形透明塑料桶中饲养，每天收集从虫瘿中羽化出的小蜂，统计数量并鉴定种类。结果: 共养出形成虫瘿的小蜂198头，经分类研究、鉴定，该害虫为桉树叶瘿球角姬小蜂 [Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead)] (膜翅目Hymenoptera：姬小蜂科Eulophidae)，是一种原产于新西兰和澳大利亚桉树上的害虫，这是该害虫在我国的首次发现。对该害虫的形态特征进行了详细描述，并附有形态特征照片，并列举了该小蜂与本属其他种的鉴别特征，以准确鉴定、区分该害虫。结论: 在广西发现的桉树叶瘿球角姬小蜂可在多种桉树叶片上形成虫瘿，造成大量叶片脱落，影响桉树生长。对该病虫需加强检疫，防止和阻止进一步在我国桉树栽培地区传播蔓延，同时要加强监测，及时发现和防治。特别是引进该害虫的重要天敌——桉树扁角金绿姬小蜂 [Closterocerus chamaeleon (Girault)]开展生物防治。

关键词: 桉树, 桉树叶瘿球角姬小蜂, 外来入侵害虫, 分类鉴定

Abstract:

Objective: In recent year, a leaf gall inducer has been found on Eucalyptus trees in China. It produces small herpetiform galls on leaves and causes a large number leaves fell. In this study, we classified and identified the invasive pest, and determined the type of pest in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of this invasive pest. Method: Totally 120 leaves from Eucalyptus variety Leiling No. 1 with galls were collected in Hepu County, Beihai City, Guangxi, in January and February 2023, and incubated in two transparent plastic baskets. The small wasps that emerged from galls were collected and counted daily, as well as identified. Result: Totally 198 small wasps that form galls were raised. After taxonomic study, the pest was identified as Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae). This was the first discovery of the pest in China. The species is native to Eucalyptus trees in New Zealand and Australia. A detailed description of the pest was given in the present paper with color photos, as well as a diagnosis method was provided for distinguishing the species from other species in this genus. Conclusion: The pest O. maskelli found in Guangxi could induce galls on leaves of many Eucalyptus species, causing a large number of leaves shedding and affecting the growth of Eucalyptus trees, and now has become a severe invasive pest in China. The more attention should be paid for controlling the new pest. Fortunately the pest parasitoid Closterocerus chamaeleon (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was also found during the present investigation. The parasitoid has high parasitism and could be used for biological control of the pest.

Key words: Eucalyptus trees, gall inducer, Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead), discovering in China

中图分类号:

S763.3

杨忠岐,曹亮明,王小艺,刘慧慧,吴耀军,蒋学建,罗缉. 一种重要的桉树外来入侵害虫——桉树叶瘿球角姬小蜂（膜翅目：姬小蜂科）[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(8): 85-89.

Zhongqi Yang,Liangming Cao,Xiaoyi Wang,Huihui Liu,Yaojun Wu,Xuejian Jiang,Ji Luo. An Important Invasive Pest of Eucalyptus Trees, Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(8): 85-89.

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参考文献 0

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