危害云锦杜鹃的简脉茎蜂属一新种（膜翅目：茎蜂科）及系统学意义

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210931

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究宁波地区发现的一种严重危害云锦杜鹃的茎蜂类害虫，明确其种类和分类地位，并探讨该类茎蜂多样化的可能机制。方法: 采用经典比较形态学研究法，确定种类名称并判断本种害虫的所属类群。采用第二代测序技术，完成全基因组测序；并对其线粒体基因组进行组装、序列特征分析、近缘种遗传距离统计并构建基于蛋白质编码基因的系统发育关系。结果: 确定蛀茎危害云锦杜鹃的茎蜂害虫是一个新物种：杜鹃简脉茎蜂Janus dujuan Wei, sp. nov.。杜鹃简脉茎蜂与西藏东部分布的黄腹简脉茎蜂J. xanthus Naito & Smith, 1998近似，但体色和构造与该种均不同。杜鹃简脉茎蜂的线粒体全基因组序列全长17725 bp，包含全部37个基因。基于线粒体基因组数据，重建了简脉茎蜂属5个物种的分子系统发育树，结果表明杜鹃简脉茎蜂与斑翅简脉茎蜂种团的缘斑简脉茎蜂组成单系群，杜鹃简脉茎蜂与已知线粒体基因组数据的简脉茎蜂属种类差距很大， cox1序列的K2P距离为14.7%~21.4%。讨论了茎蜂科茎蜂属和简脉茎蜂属的生物地理特征，推测简脉茎蜂属在东亚南部的多样化可能与本地区杜鹃花科植物的多样化密切相关，茎蜂属的多样化可能与地中海区域以小麦属为主的禾本科植物的高度多样化相关。基于相关文献数据和本文研究，还比较讨论了膜翅目基部不同类群的cox1基因序列的属、种间差异。结论: 蛀茎危害云锦杜鹃的茎蜂害虫新物种为杜鹃简脉茎蜂Janus dujuan Wei, sp. nov.，其形态与黄腹简脉茎蜂 J. xanthus Naito & Smith, 1998近似。简脉茎蜂属内条形码的遗传距离相对较大，提示该属分类学仍需进一步研究。笔者推测其在东亚南部的多样化可能与本地区杜鹃花科植物的多样化密切相关。

关键词: 等节茎蜂亚科, 线粒体基因组, cox1, 中国, 杜鹃花科

Abstract:

Objective: The species of Ericaceae are important flower resources. A stem sawfly pest feeding on twigs of Rhododendron fortuneiwas found in 2021 from Ningbo, China. This study aims to clarify its species and taxonomic status, and the explore the possible bearings on the diversification mechanism of stem sawflies. Method: The classical comparative morphology was used to clarify the species name and the systematic position of the pest. The whole genome was sequenced by the second generation sequencing technique. Mitogenome was assembled and the features were analyzed, genetic distances among the relatives were calculated, and the phylogenetic trees were inferred. Result: The new species of Cephidae, damagingR. Fortunei, has been identified: Janus dujuan Wei, sp. nov.. This new species is close to J. xanthus Naito & Smith, 1998 from eastern Tibet but differs from the latter by body color and structure. The length of the mitochondrial genome of the new species is 17 725 bp and contains 37 genes. Based on the data of mitochondrial genes, phylogenetic tree of five Janus species was reconstructed. The result showed that J. dujuan formed a sister group with a species of J. bimaculatus group, and there was a significant difference between J. dujuan and the other species of Janus with known mitochondrial genome data. The K2P distance of cox1 among J. dujuan and other Janus species was between 14.7% and 21.4%. We cautiously speculate that the diversification of Janus in Southern Asia is probably related to the diversification of Ericaceae in southern China. In the contrary, the diversification of Cephus in Mediterranean region is probably related to the diversification of the Poaceae, esp. the diversification of Triticum. Conclusion: The pest boring on stems of R. fortunei is a new species: Janus dujuan Wei, sp. nov.. It is similar to J. xanthus Naito & Smith, 1998 from Tibet but differs from the latter in body color and structure. The Janus showed a relatively large genetic distance for barcoding region within the genus, suggesting more taxonomic study on Janus is required. It is speculated that its diversification in Southern Asia is probably related to the diversification of Ericaceae in southern China.

Key words: Hartigiinae, mitochondrial genome, cox1, China, Ericaceae

中图分类号:

S718.7

牛耕耘,李东宾,谭贝贝,徐婧,魏美才. 危害云锦杜鹃的简脉茎蜂属一新种（膜翅目：茎蜂科）及系统学意义[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(3): 145-151.

Gengyun Niu,Dongbin Li,Beibei Tan,Jing Xu,Meicai Wei. A New Species of Genus Janus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Cephidae) Harmful to Rhododendron fortunei and Its Systematic Significance[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(3): 145-151.

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