三段式立木胸径测量方法及装置设计与试验

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210512

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 针对现阶段我国森林资源清查立木胸径测量中围尺适用性差、操作复杂、效率低和卡尺携带性差、量程短等问题，设计一款高效、准确、便携、适用于大胸径树木测量，集成自动读数、记录和上传功能的立木胸径测量装置，以解决林业勘测人员的实际工作需求。方法: 基于三段式切臂和双角度传感器提出一种立木胸径测量方法，设计测量装置，并通过试验评估装置的有效性。结果: 1）通过15个圆柱体200次测量，平均绝对误差（MAE）为0.19 cm（0.79%），均方根误差（RMSE）为0.25 cm（0.94%）；2）通过不同径阶218株立木测量，MAE为0.22 cm（0.89%）、RMSE为0.42 cm（1.23%）；3）在83株立木小样地进行效率试验，平均每株立木测量耗时8.67 s。结论: 基于三段式切臂和双角度传感器方法研制的立木胸径测量装置，具有机电结构简单、可折叠、携带方便、操作简便、作业效率高等优点，同时适用于大胸径树木测量，可实现立木胸径数据测量、上传和入库的一体化，满足森林资源清查精度要求。

关键词: 立木胸径, 三段式, 角度传感器

Abstract:

Objective: Presently, during the diameter at breast height(DBH)measuring process of nation continuous forest inventory, there are some shortages such as poor applicability, complex operation and low efficiency, and calipers are poor portability and short range. In order to solve the actual work needs of forestry surveyors, an efficient, accurate, portable tree DBH measurement device with integrated automatic reading, recording and uploading functions was expected to be designed. Method: A new DBH measurement method and device based on three-segment arms and two angle sensors was designed in this study, and the effectiveness of the device had also been evaluated in experiments. Result: 1) The results showed that 200 measurements of 15 cylinders had a 0.19 cm(0.79%)mean absolute deviation(MAE)and a 0.25 cm(0.94%)root mean square error(RMSE). 2) The results showed that measuring 218 trees of different diameter classes had a 0.22 cm(0.89%)mean absolute deviation(MAE)and a 0.42 cm(1.23%)root mean square error(RMSE). 3) The average measuring time of each tree was 8.67 s from the efficiency test in a 83-tree sample plot. Conclusion: The device developed by this paper may be advantageous to simple mechanical and electrical structure, suitable for big tree measurement, foldable design, convenient to carry and keep, simple operation and high efficiency, and be more suitable for measurement of large trees and realized the integration of measuring, uploading and inputting of DBH data, which would be accorded with the survey accuracy standard of continuous forest inventory.

Key words: diameter at breast height(DBH), three-stage, angle sensor

中图分类号:

S758.7

孙林豪,翁卫松,方陆明,任俊俊. 三段式立木胸径测量方法及装置设计与试验[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(5): 130-139.

Linhao Sun,Weisong Weng,Luming Fang,Junjun Ren. Design and Experiment of Three-Stage Measurement Method and Device for Tree DBH[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(5): 130-139.

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变量Variable	α+β≤/(°)
变量Variable	80	100	120	140	160	180	200	220	240	260	280	300	320	340	359.824
d_max/cm	5.92	8.99	12.32	16.01	20.17	25.00	30.75	37.84	46.96	59.34	77.42	106.96	165.14	337.90	39 060.30

测量情景 Measuring situation	测量次数 Number of measurements	MAE/cm	MAPE(%)	RMSE/cm	RRMSE(%)
S1，S2	50	0.09	0.85	0.11	1.03
S3	50	0.10	0.96	0.13	1.12
S4，S5	50	0.27	0.63	0.33	0.72
S6	50	0.30	0.73	0.35	0.82
总体Total	200	0.19	0.79	0.25	0.94

径阶Diameter class	株数Tree number	MAE/cm	MAPE(%)	RMSE/cm	RRMSE(%)
A	41	0.12	1.05	0.14	1.22
B	119	0.14	0.75	0.20	1.01
C	33	0.32	1.01	0.53	1.56
D	25	0.58	1.14	0.97	1.63
总体Total	218	0.22	0.89	0.42	1.23

测量方式 Measuring method	人数Number of person	外业耗时(替换耗时) Outside time(replacement time)/min	内业耗时 Inside time/min	总耗时(无替换总耗时) Total time(no replacement total time)/min	单木平均耗时(无替换单木平均耗时) Average time per tree(average time per tree without replacement)/s
传统围尺Tape meter	2	45	7	52	37.59
传统卡尺Traditional caliper	2	31(7)	14	45(38)	32.53(27.47)
电子围尺E-taper	1	21	0	21	15.18
电子卡尺E-caliper	1	17(3)	0	17(14)	12.29(10.12)
本研究装置The device in this paper	1	12	0	12	8.67