太阳能加热与井水制冷墙裙板储能系统设计及理论分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20181110

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]提出太阳能加热与井水制冷墙裙板的设计思路，设计一种热量集散器作为太阳能热水器或水井与墙裙板进行冷热传导的媒介，为开发一种能够实现高效热传递的储能系统提供理论依据。[方法]确定储能系统各部件的具体结构，利用三维软件建模，模拟太阳能加热与井水制冷墙裙板的工作流程，设计储能系统的控制系统，实现温度检测、辅助加热和自动水循环等功能。通过比较分析，选择出保温材料和导热金属材料。利用传热学原理计算在加热模式下房屋与太阳能热水器吸收的总热量，并与屋内空气和墙裙版铝板所需吸收的总热量进行比较。分别计算储能系统中热水与导热铝板的热流量以及导热铝板与空气的热流量，并比较二者大小。从热传递总量和热流量2方面进行理论分析，验证太阳能加热与井水制冷墙裙板加热模式的可行性；同理，验证制冷模式的可行性。[结果]硬质聚氨酯复合材料的导热系数更低、工作温度更高，选择硬质聚氨酯复合材料作为储能水箱的保温材料。导热金属棒选择热传导率高且成本相对较低的铜作为材料，制作成螺旋结构增加传递接触面积。在加热模式下，太阳能热水器能够提供屋内升高温度所需要的热量。在制冷模式下，储能系统中井水与导热铝板的热流量为1.1 kW，大于导热铝板与空气的热流量0.8 kW。经过2种模式下的热力学计算，验证了太阳能加热与井水制冷墙裙板制冷模式的可行性。[结论]太阳能加热与井水制冷墙裙板储能系统设计具有可行性，可为今后对储能系统的研究和设计提供一种新思路，对新型太阳能储能系统的开发与利用具有十分积极的影响。

关键词: 太阳能加热, 井水制冷, 墙裙板, 储能系统, 热传导

Abstract: [Objective] This paper proposes the design idea of solar heating and well water refrigerating wall skirting board, and designs a heat dissipater as the medium for solar water heater or water well and wall skirt for cold and heat conduction, and develops a kind of efficient heat transfer in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of energy slorage system.[Method] The specific structure of each component of the energy storage system was determined, and the 3D software was used to build the model, to simulate the work flow of solar heating and well water refrigeration wall skirt, to design the control system of energy storage system, and to realize temperature detection, auxiliary heating and automatic water circulation and other functions. Through comparative analysis, insulation materials and thermally conductive metal materials are selected. The heat transfer principle is used to calculate the total heat absorbed by the house and the solar water heater in the heating mode, and compared with the total heat absorbed by the indoor air and the wall skirt plate. The heat flux of the hot water and the heat conductive aluminum plate in the energy storage system and the heat flux of the heat conductive aluminum plate and the air are separately calculated and compared. From the theoretical analysis of the total heat transfer and heat flow, the feasibility of solar heating and the heating mode of the well water refrigerating wall skirt is verified. In the same way, the feasibility of the cooling mode is verified.[Result] After comparative analysis, because the thermal conductivity of the rigid polyurethane composite material is lower and the working temperature is higher, the rigid polyurethane composite material is selected as the thermal insulation material for the energy storage water tank. The copper, which has a high thermal conductivity and a relatively low cost,is selected as a material of thermally conductive metal rod, and is formed into a spiral structure to increase the transmission contact area. In the heating mode, the solar water heater can provide the heat required to raise the temperature inside the house. In the cooling mode, the heat flow rate of the well water and the heat conductive aluminum plate in the energy storage system is 1.1 kW, being greater than that of the heat conductive aluminum plate and the air of 0.8 kW. Through the thermodynamic calculations of the above two modes, the feasibility of solar heating and the cooling mode of the well water refrigerating wall skirt is verified.[Conclusion] The simulation workflow and theoretical analysis prove that the design of solar energy heating and well water refrigeration wall skirt energy storage system has a certain feasibility, which provides a new idea for the research and design of energy storage system in the future. The development and utilization of energy storage systems has a very positive impact.

Key words: solar heating, well water cooling, wall apron, energy storage system, heat conduction

中图分类号:

S772
TU111

周玉成, 杜炳霖, 姜新波, 杨春梅, 马岩, 孙金浩. 太阳能加热与井水制冷墙裙板储能系统设计及理论分析[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(11): 66-72.

Zhou Yucheng, Du Binglin, Jiang Xinbo, Yang Chunmei, Ma Yan, Sun Jinhao. Design and Theoretical Analysis of Solar Energy Heating and Well Water Cooling Wall Apron Energy Storage System[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(11): 66-72.

参考文献

陈红兵,李强,陈希琳,等. 2017. 集中式太阳能热水系统的性能研究. 可再生能源,35(4):613-620.
(Chen H B, Li Q, Chen X L, et al. 2017. Performance study on the centralized solar hot water system. Renewable Energy Resources,(4):613-620.[in Chinese])
陈涛. 2012. 玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的制备. 哈尔滨:东北林业大学硕士学位论文.
(Chen T. 2012. Preparation of glazed hollow bead polyurethane foam composite materials. Harbin:MS thesis of Northeast Forestry University.[in Chinese])
郭其峰. 2008. 井水温差的选取对井水源热泵设计方案的影响. 制冷空调与电力机械, 29(2):45-46,70.
(Guo Q F. 2008. Influence on implementation program of well water temperature difference for GSHP.Refrigeration Air Conditioning & Electric Power Machinery, 29(2):45-46,70.[in Chinese])
何燕,张晓光,孟祥文, 等. 2015. 传热学. 北京:化学工业出版社.
(He Y, Zhang X G, Meng X W, et al. 2015. Heat transfer. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press.[in Chinese])
胡隐樵. 1999. 非平衡态大气热力学的研究. 高原气象, 18(3):306-319.
(Hu Y Q. 1999. Research on atmospheric thermodynamics of non-equilibrium state. Plateau Meteorology, 18(3):306-319.[in Chinese])
刘显茜, 陈君若, 侯宏英, 等. 2009.保温材料管道保温性能分析. 湖南科技大学学报:自然科学版, 24(1):41-44.
(Liu X X, Chen J R, Hou H Y, et al. 2009. Analysis of the property of insulated material around the pipeline. Journal of Hunan University of Science & Technology:Natural Science Edition, 24(1):41-44.[in Chinese])
吕淑平, 刘文君, 于鑫, 等. 2014. 用水箱模拟太阳能热水器实验系统设计. 实验技术与管理,31(5):71-74,79.
(Lü S P, Liu W J, Yu X, et al. 2014. Design of solar water-heater experimental system based on water box simulation.Experimental Technology and Management,31(5):71-74,79.[in Chinese])
卢奇, 周建伟. 2012.全国主要城市晴天逐时太阳辐射强度与太阳能集热器最佳倾斜角度的模拟计算. 建筑科学,28(S2):22-26.
(Lu Q, Zhou J W. 2012. Simulated calculation of hourly solar radiation intensity and optimal tilt angle of solar collector in sunny days in major cities of China. Architectural Science,28(S2):22-26.[in Chinese])
邱仲华,宋明军,王吉庆,等. 2014. 组装式太阳能双效温室应用效果试验. 农业工程学报,30(19):232-239.
(Qiu Z H, Song M J, Wang J Q, et al. 2014. Experiment effect of application to new assembly solar double effect greenhouse. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 30(19):232-239[in Chinese])
师梁艳. 2016. 分离式热管-太阳能集热室内供热系统. 南京:南京师范大学硕士学位论文.
(Shi L Y. 2016. Separated heat pipe-solar collector indoor heating system. Nanjing:MS thesis of Nanjing Normal University.[in Chinese])
孙智超, 朱陈洛, 孙炯, 等.2017. 自加热式差分热电阻水位传感器的研究.仪表技术,(12):45-49.
(Sun Z C, Zhu C L, Sun J, et al. 2017. Development of self-heated water level sensor with the differential thermal resistor. Instrumentation Technology,(12):45-49.[in Chinese])
魏凤. 2009. 全玻璃真空管型太阳热水系统平均日效率的试验. 能源技术, 30(5):286-298.
(Wei F. 2009. Study on average daily-efficiency experiments of solar water heating system with all-glass evacuated tubes. Energy Technology, 30(5):286-298.[in Chinese])
王世锋. 2004. 真空玻璃盖板热管平板式太阳能热水器的理论与实验研究. 杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文.
(Wang S F. 2004. Theoretical and experimental research on vacuum glass cover plate heat pipe flat solar water heater. Hangzhou:MS thesis of Zhejiang University.[in Chinese])
王季陶. 2012.卡诺定理和热力学第二定律须正确扩展. 复旦学报:自然科学版,51(1):111-117.
(Wang J T. 2012. Carnot theorem and second law of thermodynamics should be correctly extended.Journal of Fudan University:Natural Science, 51(1):111-117[in Chinese])
吴继臣, 徐刚. 2003.全国主要城市冬季太阳辐射强度的研究. 哈尔滨工业大学学报,35(10):1236-1239.
(Wu J C, Xu G. 2003. Major Chinese cities' solar radiant intensities in winter. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,35(10):1236-1239.[in Chinese])
闫云飞, 张智恩, 张力, 等. 2012. 太阳能利用技术及其应用. 太阳能学报,33(S1):47-56.
(Yan Y F, Zhang Z E, Zhang L, et al. 2012. Application and utilization technology of solar energy. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,33(S1):47-56.[in Chinese])
章世斌, 王俊, 魏东, 等. 2013.太阳能加热站集中供暖系统分析. 太阳能, (22):43-46, 54.
(Zhang S B, Wang J, Wei D, et al. 2013. Analysis of central heating system of solar heating station. Solar Energy, (22):43-46, 54.[in Chinese])
张金花, 周雯超. 2016. 基于单片机的智能水箱水位和水温控制系统的设计. 农业装备与车辆工程,55(2):82-84.
(Zhang J H, Zhou W C. 2016. Design of water level and water temperature control system based on single chip microcomputer. Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering, 55(2):82-84.[in Chinese])
张显. 2010. 热力学熵概念的再思考. 绍兴文理学院学报:自然科学, 30(8):40-42,57.
(Zhang X.2010. A re-reflection over the concept of thermodynamic entropy. Journal of Shaoxing University:Natural Science, 30(8):40-42,57.[in Chinese])
Bhowmik H, Amin R. 2017. Efficiency improvement of flat plate solar collector using reflector. Energy Reports,3:119-123.
Shafieian A, Khiadani M, Nosrati A. 2018. A review of latest developments, progress, and applications of heat pipe solar collectors. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,95:273-304.