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林业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (12): 58-65.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20161207

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

HS-SPME-GC-MS联用测定蜡梅属植物花的挥发性成分

徐萌, 张经纬, 吴令上, 刘京晶, 斯金平, 张新凤   

  1. 浙江农林大学 亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室培育基地 杭州 311300
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-13 修回日期:2016-01-19 出版日期:2016-12-25 发布日期:2017-01-16
  • 通讯作者: 张新凤
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31300582)。

Determination of Volatile Components from Chimonanthus Flowers by HS-SPME-GC-MS

Xu Meng, Zhang Jingwei, Wu Lingshang, Liu Jingjing, Si Jinping, Zhang Xinfeng   

  1. The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A & F University Hangzhou 311300
  • Received:2015-11-13 Revised:2016-01-19 Online:2016-12-25 Published:2017-01-16

摘要: [目的] 比较蜡梅属5种植物花中挥发性成分组成的差异,探讨5种植物之间的亲缘关系和系统分类意义,为蜡梅属植物的资源利用提供理论依据。[方法] 采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)方法处理样品,并优化前处理条件,结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术测定蜡梅属5种植物干花中的挥发性成分,比较5种植物花中的成分差异,并应用SIMCA-P+11.0软件进行主成分分析,通过得分图直观地表达蜡梅属5种植物间的相互关系。[结果] 通过优化样品处理得出HS-SPME最佳的萃取条件为:样品用量1.2 g,加热温度70℃,吸附时间45 min,解吸时间3 min。通过GC-MS测定并定性分析,从蜡梅属5种植物干花中共鉴定46种挥发性物质,其中蜡梅37种、突托蜡梅41种、山蜡梅41种、浙江蜡梅36种和柳叶蜡梅43种,且5种植物花中的共有成分达到24种;从鉴定的成分来看,蜡梅属植物花的挥发性成分主要以萜类成分为主,包括萜烯、萜醇、萜酯等含氧衍生物及少数脂肪族化合物。蜡梅花中主要含有乙酸芳樟酯、黑蚁素及石竹烯氧化物等挥发性成分;柳叶蜡梅、浙江蜡梅和山蜡梅中主要挥发性成分有α-月桂烯、桉叶素和四甲基环癸二烯甲醇;突托蜡梅花中桉叶素、黑蚁素和异香橙烯环氧化物等成分含量较大。通过主成分分析,蜡梅属5种植物明显被划分为3类,其中浙江蜡梅、山蜡梅和柳叶蜡梅3种植物挥发性物质组成相似,归为一类;而蜡梅和突托蜡梅分别与另外3种植物花的挥发性成分的组成差别较大,各自聚为一类。主成分分析结果与蜡梅属5种植物的系统分类学研究结果一致。[结论] 蜡梅属5种植物花的挥发性成分主要以萜类成分为主,且成分组成差异较大,其中柳叶蜡梅、浙江蜡梅及山蜡梅花的挥发性成分相似,具有相同的资源利用性;蜡梅及突托蜡梅花香气各异,挥发性成分组成明显不同于另外3种植物,在资源利用上可区别对待。本研究结果可为蜡梅属植物的分类学研究提供基础理论依据,也为蜡梅属花资源的开发利用提供理论参考。

关键词: 蜡梅属植物, 花, 挥发性成分, 顶空固相微萃取, 气质联用分析法

Abstract: [Objective] To provide a theoretical basis for utilizing the resources of Chimonanthus plants, the volatile components among 5 species of Chimonanthus were compared to understand genetic relationship and system classification of them.[Method] The samples were treated by head space solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and the pretreatment conditions were optimized. Combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology, the volatile components from dry flowers of 5 species of Chimonanthus were determined, and the difference of them was compared. Then, SIMCA-P+11.0 software was applied to conduct the principal component analysis (PCA) of the 5 species of Chimonanthus dry flowers. According to the score diagrams, the relationship among the 5 species of Chimonanthus was visually presented.[Result] By optimizing treatment conditions of the samples, the best extraction conditions of SPME were 1.2 g of sample weight, 45 min of adsorption, 3 min of desorption, 70℃ of heating temperature. By GC-MS qualitative analysis, 46 volatile components were identified from the 5 species, and Ch. praecox contained 37 components, and there were 41 components existed in both Ch. grammatus and Ch. nitens, Ch. zhejiangensis and Ch. salicifolius contained 43 and 36 components respectively, and there were 24 common components among the 5 species. For the identified components, terpenoids were the main volatile composition of the Chimonanthus flowers, including oxygen derivatives (terpenes, terpene alcohols, terpene esters) and a handful of aliphatic compounds. The compounds of acetic acid linalool ester, denderalasin, caryophyllene oxide from Ch. praecox flower were the main components; The main compounds of Ch. nitens, Ch. salicifolius and Ch. zhejiangensis flowers were α-myrcene, eucalyptol, hedycaryol. As for Ch. grammatus, the components of eucalyptol, denderalasin, isoaromadendrene epoxide were rich. According to the PCA results, the 5 species of Chimonanthus were obviously divided into three categories. As for Ch. nitens, Ch. salicifolius and Ch. zhejiangensis flowers, the composition and contents of the volatile components were similar, so these 3 species were grouped in the same category. In addition, the composition of the volatile of Ch. praecox and Ch. grammatus differed a lot, so they were divided into the other two different categories. The PCA results were consistent with the results of previous studies of systematics of the 5 species.[Conclusion] The main volatile components of flowers of the 5 Chimonanthus species are terpenoids, and the differences among the 5 species were great. The volatile components from Ch. nitens, Ch. salicifolius and Ch. zhejiangensis flowers are similar, so they possess the same use value. However, the aroma of Ch. grammatus and Ch. praecox is different, and the volatile components of them were distinctly different from those of the other 3 species, so the use value of them should be discriminatory. This study provides a theoretical basis for classification of the 5 species of Chimonanthus and for the development and utilization of Chimonanthus flowers.

Key words: Chimonanthus, flower, volatile components, HS-SPME, GC-MS

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