秦岭南坡北桑寄生生态危害状况评价

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20141012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探明北桑寄生在秦岭南坡林区的分布式样及危害状况,对陕西省宝鸡市凤县林区进行全面踏查及典型样地调查。结果表明,北桑寄生在凤县林区主要寄主为锐齿栎,在锐齿栎林中呈中心辐射状分布,多寄生于成过熟林木上,树龄在40~50年的锐齿栎被侵染的数量最大。被侵染植株总数为样地内各树种总株数的29.03%,被侵染的锐齿栎为样地内锐齿栎总数的36.90%。受害锐齿栎一级分枝平均感染率为49.53%,被寄生枝干呈明显衰退趋势,分枝末端甚至死亡。受害严重寄主生长状况较差。单丛寄生植株最大直径达160 cm,多寄生于寄主冠部偏南。寄生植株平均最大直径与寄主年龄呈线性正相关。北桑寄生目前未对凤县林区造成严重危害,但对部分寄主个体的生存造成威胁。近年来随着"天保工程"的实施,秦岭南坡锐齿栎种群密度及其种子主要传播者种群数量逐渐增加,北桑寄生的种群数量有可能随之增加,由此带来对森林的潜在危害。

关键词: 北桑寄生, 秦岭, 寄主选择, 寄生率

Abstract:

Loranthus tanakae, one of the most common parasitic seed plants, mainly infests oak trees in the South Slope of Qinling Mountains. To explore the distribution pattern and damage status of L. tanakae, a comprehensive survey and typical sample investigation were conducted in Fengxian County. The results revealed that Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata Maxim. ex Wenz. was the preferential host of L. tanakae. L. tanakae radially distributed from the center of the oak forest, mainly infested mature and over mature oak trees of 40- to 50-years-old and prefered the southern aspect of the canopy. The maximum diameter of a cluster of L. tanakae could reach 160 cm and the diameter had a linear positive correlation with the host ages. Parasitism rate in the plots was 29.03% of all kind of tree species and 36.90% of Q. aliena var. acutiserrata. Furthermore, parasitism rate on the primary branches of the all infected trees was 49.53%. With seriously affected by L. tanakae, growth and vigor of the infected hosts were clearly harmed, resulting in death of the distal branches. Populations of L. tanakae had been increased with its host density in virtue of the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project. Although only parts of the hosts were threatened, potential ecological damage and large scale eruption of L. tanakae should not be overlooked.

Key words: Loranthus tanakae, Qinling Mountain, host preference, parasitism rate

中图分类号:

S763.2

崔贝, 林若竹, 赵文霞, 兰宗科. 秦岭南坡北桑寄生生态危害状况评价[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(10): 86-93.

Cui Bei, Lin Ruozhu, Zhao Wenxia, Lan Zongke. Ecological Damage Assessment of Loranthus tanakae (Loranthaceae) in the South Slopes of Qinling Mountain[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(10): 86-93.

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