乌桕秋叶显色的生理生化与数字图像分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20131105

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究不同颜色乌桕秋叶的色素含量、全氮及碳水化合物含量，定量分析叶片的RGB值，并观察叶绿素、类胡萝卜素及花色素苷在叶片中的分布情况。结果表明：色素含量与单一的RGB（红、绿、兰色）值无直接相关关系，而Chl a与（G-B）/（R-B）呈正相关，Chl b和总叶绿素均与R/（R+G+B）呈显著负相关，花色素苷与R/（G-B）呈显著正相关。绿叶全氮含量最高，而在转色后的叶片中，红色和紫色叶片的氮含量又高于橙色和黄色叶片。全氮与总叶绿素含量呈显著正相关，蔗糖与花色素苷呈正相关，淀粉与叶绿素ａ和总叶绿素均呈极显著正相关，非结构性碳水化合物总量与类胡萝卜素含量呈显著正相关。本研究期望从生理及结构等方面找到影响叶片呈色的相关因素，丰富叶片呈色机制的基础资料，为选育秋季叶色纯正的乌桕优良观赏株系提供理论依据。

关键词: 乌桕, 叶色, RGB值, 色素, 全氮, 碳水化合物

Abstract:

In the present study, foliar pigments, nitrogen (N) and carbohydrate concentrations in the autumn leaves of Chinese tallow trees (Sapium sebiferum) with different colored leaves were measured. The R, G and B values of the leaves were quantified by the digital imaging analysis. In addition, the distribution of chlorophyll, anthocyanins and carotenoids in the leaves were observed in situ by their autofluorescence. The results showed that there was no correlation between pigment contents and the single R, G and B value. Whereas, a significant positive correlation was observed between chl a and (G-B)/(R-B). The chl b and total chlorophyll content were all negatively correlated with R/(R+G+B). There was a positive correlation between anthocyanins contents and R/(G-B). Nitrogen concentration was highest in the green leaves. After the leaves changed color, the red and purple leaves contained much more nitrogen than the orange and yellow leaves did. The total nitrogen was negatively correlated with total chlorophyll. A linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between sucrose and anthocyanins, and there were significant positive correlations between starch and chl a with total chlorophyll. Moreover, the content of total non-structural carbohydrates was positively correlated to carotenoid. The aim of this study was to find out the physiological and structural factors that influence autumn coloration of S. sebiferum. This study would provide a basis for selective-breeding of Chinese tallow tree with attractive autumn colors.

Key words: Sapium sebiferum, leaf coloration, RGB values, pigment, total nitrogen, carbohydrate

中图分类号:

S718.43

黄利斌, 陈庆生, 张敏, 钱猛, 窦全琴. 乌桕秋叶显色的生理生化与数字图像分析[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(11): 32-41.

Huang Libin, Chen Qingsheng, Zhang Min, Qian Meng, Dou Quanqin. Analysis of Autumnal Leaf Colorization of Sapium sebiferum by Using Physiological and Digital Imaging Methods[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2013, 49(11): 32-41.

参考文献

Bourett T M, Czymmek K J, Howard R J. 1999. Ultrastructure of chloroplast protuberances in rice leaves preserved by high-pressure freezing. Planta, 208 (4): 472-479.
Bremmer J M, Mulvaney C S. 1982. Nitrogen-total//Page A L, Miller R H, Keeney D R. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy Soil Science Society of America, 595-624.
Castellarin S D, Pfeiffer A, Sivilotti R, et al. 2007. Transcriptional regulation of anthocyanins biosynthesis in ripening fruits of grapevine under seasonal water deficit. Plant, Cell and Environment, 30 (11): 1381-1399.
Chalker-Scott L. 1999. Environmental significance of anthocyanins in plant stress responses. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 70 (1): 1-9.
de Rezende F M, Furlan C M. 2009. Anthocyanins and tannins in ozone-fumigated guava trees. Chemosphere, 76 (10): 1445-1450.
Egea I, Bian W P, Barsan C, et al. 2011. Chloroplast to chromoplast transition in tomato fruit: spectral confocal microscopy analyses of carotenoids and chlorophylls in isolated plastids and time-lapse recording on intact live tissue. Annals of Botany, 108 (2): 291-297.
Field T S, Lee D W, Holbrook N M. 2001. Why leaves turn red in autumn. The role of anthocyanins in senescing leaves of redosier dogwood. Plant Physiology, 127 (2): 566-574.
Gomez C, Conejero G, Torregrosa L, et al. 2011. In vivo grapevine anthocyanin transport involves vesicle-mediated trafcking and the contribution of anthoMATE transporters and GST. Plant Journal, 67 (6): 960-970.
Hoch W A, Zeldin E L, McCown B H. 2001. Physiological signification of anthocyanins during autumnal leaf senescence. Tree Physiology, 21 (1): 1-8.
Holzingerl A, Buchner O, Lütz C, et al. 2007. Temperature-sensitive formation of chloroplast protrusions and stromules in mesophyll cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Protoplasma, 230 (1/2): 23-30.
Hughes N M, Neufeld H S, Burkey K O. 2005. Functional role of anthocyanins in high-light winter leaves of the evergreen herb Galax urceolata. New Phytologist, 168 (3): 575-587.
Hung K T, Cheng D G, Hsu Y T, et al. 2008. Abscisic acid-induced hydrogen peroxide is required for anthocyanin accumulation in leaves of rice seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology, 165 (12): 1280-1287.
Kozlowski T T. 1992. Carbohydrate sources and sinks in woody plants. The Botanical Review, 58 (2): 107-222.
Kytridis V P, Karageorgou P, Levizou E, et al. 2008. Intra-species variation in transient accumulation of leaf anthocyanins in Cistus creticus during winter: Evidence that anthocyanins may compensate for an inherent photosynthetic and photoprotective inferiority of the red-leaf phenotype. Journal of Plant Physiology, 165 (9): 952-959.
Laliberte A S, Rango A, Herrick J E, et al. 2007. An object-based image analysis approach for determining fractional cover of senescent and green vegetation with digital plot photography. Journal of Arid Environments, 69 (1): 1-14.
Lee D W, Gould K S. 2002. Why leaves turn red. Pigments called anthocyanins probably protect leaves from light damage by direct shielding and by scavenging free radicals. American Scientist, 90 (6): 524-531.
Lichtenthaler H K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology, 148: 350-382.
Matile P. 2000. Biochemistry of Indian summer: physiology of autumnal leaf coloration. Experimental Gerontology, 35 (2): 145-158.
Merzlyak M N, Chivkunova O B. 2000. Light-stress-induced pigment changes and evidence for anthocyanin photoprotection in apples. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 55(2/3): 155-163.
Modzińska E. 2009. Survey of plant pigments: Molecular and environmental determinants of plant colors. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 51(1): 7-16.
Nothnagel T, Straka P. 2003. Inheritance and mapping of a yellow leaf mutant of carrot (Daucus carota). Plant Breeding, 122 (4): 339-342.
Peng Q, Zhou Q. 2009. Influence of lanthanum on chloroplast ultrastructure of soybean leaves under ultraviolet-b stress. Journal of Rare Earths, 27 (2): 304-307.
Pirie A, Mullins M G. 1976. Changes in anthocyanin and phenolics content of grapevine leaf and fruit tissues treated with sucrose, nitrate abscisic acid. Plant Physiology, 58 (4): 468-472.
Ranjbarfordoei A, Van Damme P, Samson R. 2009. Elevated ultraviolet-B radiation influences photosynthetic pigments and soluble carbohydrates of sweet almond [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. Webb]. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 8 (11): 1077-1084.
Samuel O, Gould S. 2003. Anthocyanins in leaves: light attenuators or antioxidants? Functional Plant Biology, 30 (8): 865-873.
Schaberg P G, Murakami P F, Turner M R, et al. 2008. Associations between the red coloration and senescence of sugar maple leaves in autumn. Trees, 22 (4): 573-578.
Schaberg P G, Van Den Berg A K, Murakami P F, et al. 2003. Factors influencing red expression in autumn foliage of sugar maple trees. Tree Physiology, 23 (5): 325-333.
Senser M, Schötz F, Beck E. 1975. Seasonal changes in structure and function of spruce chloroplasts. Planta, 126 (1): 1-10.
Stephen D R, Pallardy G. 2007. Physiology of woody plants. 3rd ed. Burlington, USA:Academic Press.
Vitrac X, Larronde F, Krisa S, et al. 2000. Sugar sensing and Ca²⁺ calmodulin requirement in Vitis vinifera cells producing anthocyanins. Phytochemistry, 53 (6): 659-665.

[1]	姜晓旭, 李国雷, 史文辉, 赵凯芬, 李成. 子叶丢失强度和时间对栓皮栎幼苗生长状况和营养物质转移的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(8): 56-64.
[2]	张江涛, 杨淑红, 朱镝, 朱延林, 刘友全. 美洲黑杨2025及其2个芽变品种苗对持续干旱的生理响应及抗旱性评价[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(6): 33-43.
[3]	成敏敏, 陈柯伊, 朱雪玉, 王凯利, 周明兵, 杨海芸. 花叶矢竹复绿期光合特性及叶绿体结构[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(4): 1-10.
[4]	张华, 聂艳, 王定跃, 谢利娟. 乙烯利和多效唑对簕杜鹃生长开花及生理特性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(10): 46-55.
[5]	钱杨, 孙洪刚, 董汝湘, 姜景民. 针叶树碳水化合物分配研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(1): 141-153.
[6]	刘万德, 苏建荣, 李帅锋, 郎学东, 黄小波, 张志钧. 云南普洱季风常绿阔叶林主要树种非结构性碳水化合物变异分析[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(6): 1-9.
[7]	王璇, 理永霞, 刘振宇, 吕全, 贾秀贞, 张星耀. 松材线虫CYP450基因与松树蒎烯类物质代谢的相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(6): 105-110.
[8]	杨林, 王传华, 李涛, 王力, 郭义东. 基于紫外分光光度法的树干茎流氮化学特征测定方法[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(4): 133-141.
[9]	成方妍, 王传宽. 树种和组织对树干非结构性碳水化合物储量估测的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(2): 1-9.
[10]	张敏, 黄利斌, 周鹏, 钱猛, 窦全琴. 榉树秋季转色期叶色变化的生理生化[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(8): 44-51.
[11]	孙化雨, 陈颖, 赵韩生, 董丽莉, 王丽丽, 娄永峰, 高志民. 毛竹β-胡萝卜素羟化酶基因的分子特征及其功能[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(10): 53-59.
[12]	马姜明, 黄婧, 杨栋林, 梅军林. 桂林喀斯特石山50种常见植物叶片光合色素含量及耐荫性定量评价[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(10): 67-74.
[13]	许改平, 吴兴波, 刘芳, 王玉魁, 高岩, 左照江, 温国胜, 张汝民. 高温胁迫下毛竹叶片色素含量与反射光谱的相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(5): 41-48.
[14]	史倩倩, 周琳, 王雁. 云南野生黄牡丹谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)基因的分离及表达分析[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(12): 63-72.
[15]	徐丽华, 谢德体, 魏朝富, 李兵. 基于案例推理的 SoLIM 方法在土壤养分制图中的应用[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(8): 148-153.