先锋植物丰富度对公路边坡植物群落生长发育及护坡效益的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20131104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乡土植物灌木化建植是高速公路边坡防护的重要途径。以成渝高速（永川段）为例，以西南地区2种典型的边坡绿化初始配置模式慈竹+野牛草、黄刺玫+黑麦草为基础，分别与紫穗槐、黄荆、狗牙根、芒等路域优势种以不同方式组合，研究先锋植物丰富度对公路边坡植物群落生长发育、早期演替及护坡性能的影响。结果表明：1）先锋植物丰富度可直接影响边坡植被的成坪时间、生物量积累，相同建植条件（边坡条件、播种密度等）下，初始绿化植物的种类越多，成坪时间越短，被积累的生物量也越多；2）先锋种数量与群落的生物多样性水平有关（R²>0.995），相同演替阶段内，先锋种越多，群落的多样性水平（物种丰度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数等）越高；3）群落的生物多样性水平与植被的护坡性能呈线性关系（R²>0.995），多样性水平越高，植被的蓄水、保土能力越强，边坡内径流系数、土壤侵蚀模数越小。在边坡条件、播种密度等建植条件与建植措施一致的情况下，提高初始绿化植物的丰富度可有效改善边坡植被的护坡性能。

关键词: 先锋植物, 植物多样性, 水土保持, 生态护坡

Abstract:

Reconstruction of plant communities with native shrubs is one of principle important ecological modes in superhighway side slope protection. In a case of Yongchuan region along Chengyu expressway, two typical vegetation configuration modes, i.e. Bambusa emeiensis+ Buchloe dactyloides and Rosa xanthina + Lolium perenne, were used as the foundation for slope protection in southwest areas. Two native shrubs, Amorpha fruticosa and Vitex negundo, and two herbs, Cynodon dactylon and Miscanthus sinensis, were chose to plant with the different modes and growth proportion. The characteristics of slope runoff and sediment erosion in rainy seasons were measured in a plot experiment during 2010 to 2012 to study effects of pioneer species richness on growth and development of plant communities on highway slope, the early successional and the slope protection performance. Results showed: 1) Pioneer plants richness affected accumulation of vegetation biomass and period of turf-establishment, and the more abundant pioneer plant species, the shorter turf-establishment period and more accumulation; 2) Richness of pioneer plants were closely related to plant species diversity in the communities with determination coefficient in excess of 0.995 (P<0.05). At the same succession stage, the more abundant pioneer species, the higher plant species diversity including the number of species, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index in the communities; 3) There was a positive correlation between the soil and water conservation capacity of vegetation and plant species diversity in the communities with determination coefficient in excess of 0.995 (P<0.05), and the higher plant species diversity, the stronger capacity the soil and water conservation with the smaller runoff coefficient and lower soil erosion modulus. Our results suggested that an increase in pioneer plant species richness should be a feasible way to improve ecological slope protection, especially when there were same side slope conditions, seed quantity and planting measures.

Key words: pioneer plant, plant species diversity, soil and water conservation, ecological slope protection

中图分类号:

S731.8

潘声旺, 何茂萍, 杨丽娟, 方文. 先锋植物丰富度对公路边坡植物群落生长发育及护坡效益的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(11): 24-31.

Pan Shengwang, He Maoping, Yang Lijuan, Fang Wen. Effects of Pioneer Plants Richness on the Vegetation Growth and Community Succession and the Soil and Water Conservation for Highway Side Slope[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2013, 49(11): 24-31.

参考文献

陈波,杨新兵,赵心苗,等.2012.冀北山地6种天然纯林枯落物及土壤水文效应.水土保持学报, 26(2):197-203.
邓洪亮,孙丽霞,廖丹,等.2008.复杂地质条件下岩石边坡的稳定性分析. 水利与建筑工程学报, 6(1):45-48.
方文,刘杨,马立辉,等.2013.西南丘陵地区几种典型边坡植被的护坡效益分析.水土保持学报, 27(1):215-219.
李国荣,毛小青,倪三川,等.2007.浅析灌木与草本植物护坡效应.草业科学, 24(6):86-89.
李妮,陈其兵,谭昌明.2012.高速公路边坡乡土灌木建植模式水土保持效益.水土保持学报, 26(1):67-71.
王川,孙铁军,金洪,等.2009.人工植被建植对坡地水土流失的影响.水土保持学报, 23(3):29-33.
王青杵,王改玲,石生新,等.2012.晋北黄土丘陵区不同人工植被对水土流失和土壤水分含量的影响.水土保持学报, 26(2): 71-75.
王震洪,段昌群,侯永平,等.2006.植物多样性与生态系统土壤保持功能关系及其生态学意义.植物生态学报,30(3): 392-403.
肖蓉,高照良,宋晓强,等.2009.高速公路边坡植被特征分析及护坡模式优化研究.水土保持学报, 23(2):90-94.
张法伟,李跃清,李英年,等.2010.高寒草甸不同功能群植被盖度对模拟气候变化的短期响应.草业科学, 19(6):72-78.
Cary R F, Slaback R D. 1984. Plant materials and establishment techniques for revegetation of California desert highways. Transportation Research Record, (969):24-26.
Cary R H, Sotir R B. 1992. Biotechnical stabilization of highway cut slope.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 118(9): 1395-1409.
Luarcet R. 1997. Plant species diversity and polyploidy in islands of natural vegetation isolated in extensive cultivated lands. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6(4):591-613.
Zhou Z C, Shangguan Z P, Zhao D. 2006. Modeling vegetation coverage and soil erosion in the loess plateau area of China.Ecological Modelling, 198(1/2): 263-268.

[1]	冯琦雅, 陈超凡, 覃林, 何亚婷, 王鹏, 段艺璇, 王雅菲, 何友均. 不同经营模式对蒙古栎天然次生林林分结构和植物多样性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(1): 12-21.
[2]	刘伟玮, 刘某承, 李文华, 曾凡顺, 曲艺. 落叶松-人参复合系统的植物多样性和碳储量特征[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(9): 124-132.
[3]	陈文业, 赵明, 张继强, 袁海峰, 窦英杰, 朱丽, 陈旭. 甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠-湿地生态系统土壤水分含量对植被特征的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(11): 8-16.
[4]	梁星云;何友均;张谱;戎建涛;覃林;李智勇. 不同经营模式对丹清河林场天然次生林植物群落结构及其多样性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(3): 93-102.
[5]	张岩;朱岩;张建军;卢路. 林地土壤水分模型SWUF在晋西黄土高原的适用性[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(5): 8-14.
[6]	张象君;王庆成;郝龙飞;王石磊. 长白落叶松人工林林隙间伐对林下更新及植物多样性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(8): 7-13.
[7]	张象君;王庆成;王石磊;孙强. 小兴安岭落叶松人工纯林近自然化改造对林下植物多样性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(1): 6-14.
[8]	王昆白帆黄利亚. 长白山自然保护区保护效果评价[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(1): 1-8.
[9]	牟长城孙晓新倪志英杨明张娜. 大兴安岭林区沼泽-森林人工造林效果综合评估[J]. 林业科学, 2007, 43(10): 51-58.
[10]	黄志刚;李锋瑞曹云欧阳志云李锡泉田育新王中建柳辉. 南方红壤丘陵区杜仲和油桐人工林水土保持效应的比较[J]. 林业科学, 2007, 43(08): 8-14.
[11]	马履一李春义王希群徐昕. 不同强度间伐对北京山区油松生长及其林下植物多样性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2007, 43(05): 1-9.
[12]	黄承才张骏江波朱锦茹常杰. 浙江省杉木生态公益林凋落物及其与植物多样性的关系[J]. 林业科学, 2006, 42(06): 7-12.
[13]	辉朝茂杨宇明. 关于云南竹类植物多样性及其保护研究[J]. 林业科学, 2003, 39(1): 145-152.
[14]	赵鸿雁吴钦孝刘国彬. 黄土高原人工油松林枯枝落叶层的水土保持功能研究[J]. 林业科学, 2003, 39(1): 168-172.
[15]	焦菊英王万忠李靖杨亚莉. 黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持人工林减蚀效应研究[J]. 林业科学, 2002, 38(5): 87-94.