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林业科学 ›› 2006, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 108-113.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20061219

• 论文及研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

针状木纤维/HDPE复合材料的力学性能

王海刚 宋永明 王清文 张征明   

  1. 东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2006-12-25 发布日期:2006-12-25

Mechanical Properties of Needle-Shaped Wood-Fiber/HDPE Composites

Wang Haigang,Song Yongming,Wang Qingwen,Zhang Zhengming   

  1. Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2006-12-25 Published:2006-12-25

摘要:

采用一步法连续挤出技术将杨木针状纤维与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)进行熔融复合制备木塑复合材料(NF-WPC)。用正交试验法分析纤维尺寸、纤维添加量、偶联剂含量和润滑剂含量4个因子对NF-WPC力学性能影响的显著性;用扫描电子显微镜观察分析NF-WPC中木纤维与HDPE的界面结合状况;提出优化的工艺配方并与相同木材含量的木粉/HDPE复合材料进行对比研究。结果表明:针状木纤维的含量对NF-WPC冲击强度影响显著,对弯曲性能和拉伸性能的影响高度显著;偶联剂马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)的添加量对NF-WPC的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度影响显著;在本文的试验范围内,木纤维尺寸和润滑剂石蜡的含量对NF-WPC力学性能的影响不显著。确定的优化工艺配方为:木纤维长度为3~4mm、长径比为8~11,木纤维含量60%,MAPE含量4%,石蜡含量0.3%;采用优化工艺制备的NF-WPC的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度、拉伸模量和冲击强度分别为58.7MPa、3.0GPa、39.6MPa、4.0GPa和12.7kJ.m-2。除冲击韧性略低外,用优化工艺配方制备的NF-WPC其他力学性能均高于用同比例木粉制备的木塑复合材料。

关键词: 木纤维, 高密度聚乙烯, 木塑复合材料, 正交试验

Abstract:

A new type of wood_plastic composite (NF-WPC) was prepared by one-step extrusion of needle-shaped wood-fiber and high density polyethylene (HDPE) using a twin-screw/single-screw extruder system. Orthogonal experiment was adopted to statistically analyze the influence of the dimension of the needle-shaped aspen wood fiber, the percentage of the fiber, the percentage of coupling agent maleic anhydride grated polyethylene (MAPE) and the percentage of the lubricant paraffin on the mechanical properties of NF-WPC, and was compared with wood-flour/HDPE composite prepared by the same process. The results showed that the influence of the percentage of the needle-shaped fiber on the impact strength of NF-WPC was significant, while much more significant on the bending and tensile properties. The percentage of MAPE influenced significantly to the tensile strength and toughness of NF-WPC. In the conditions of this paper the dimension of wood fiber and the percentage of lubricant paraffin had a minor influence on the mechanical properties of NF-WPC. The optimized formula was that fiber length was 3~4 mm, ratio of length to diameter was 8~11, fiber percentage was 60%, MAPE percentage was 4%, paraffin percentage was 0.3%. The mechanical properties of the NF-WPC prepared according to the optimized formula were as follows: flexural strength 58.7 Mpa, flexural modulus 3.0 Gpa, tensile strength 39.6 Mpa, tensile modulus 4.0 Gpa and impact strength 12.7 kJ·m-2 respectively. Compared to the wood-flour/HDPE composite prepared by the same process, the mechanical properties of the NF_WPC prepared according to the optimized formula were better except the impact strength which was a little lower.

Key words: wood-fiber, polyethylene, wood plastic composites, orthogonal experiment