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林业科学 ›› 2001, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 37-45.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20010106

• 论文及研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

鼎湖山亚热带季风常绿阔叶林蒸散研究

闫俊华 周国逸 黄忠良   

  1. 中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州510650
  • 收稿日期:1999-09-27 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2001-01-25 发布日期:2001-01-25

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF THE MONSOON EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAF FOREST IN DINGHUSHAN, GUANGDONG PROVINCE

Yan Junhua,Zhou Guoyi,Huang Zhongliang   

  1. South China Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica Guangzhou510650
  • Received:1999-09-27 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2001-01-25 Published:2001-01-25

摘要:

运用Penman蒸散力公式和理论上导出的计算森林生态系统蒸散公式,对亚热带地带性群落鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林的蒸散力和蒸散逐日进行计算,其结果表明:鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林蒸散力年平均为987.5mm ,占同期降雨量的4.7%。蒸散力最大的月份是7月,最小的月份是2月,这基本上与近地面层的气温变化规律相一致,而与同期的降雨量有所延迟。林外自由水面蒸发年平均为1194.5mm ,干季林内蒸散力明显小于林外自由水面的蒸发,而湿季两者又十分接近,因此,两者相比可用来作为该地区划分干湿季的一个参考指标。理论公式法所计算出该系统的蒸散年平均为951.9mm ,与蒸散力相当,占同期降雨量的45.3%。鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林总径流量年平均为1103.8mm ,径流系数为0.52。研究期间系统贮水量的变化年平均为38.9mm。水量平均法所得的蒸散年平均为960.1mm ,与公式法计算所得的蒸散非常接近,3年的系统误差不到1% ,因此,初步得出此公式是计算森林生态系统蒸散的一种值得推广的方法。

关键词: 亚热带, 阔叶林, 森林生态系统, 蒸散力, 蒸散, 水量平衡

Abstract:

This paper applied the formulas of Penman and the forest ecosystem evapotranspiration which is deduced in terms of theorization to calculate the potential evapotranspiration and the evapotranspiration of the monsoon evergreen broad-leaf forest in Dinghushan, Guangdong Province. The results are given as follows: 1.The annual average potential evapotranspiration of the monsoon evergreen broad-leaf forest in Dinghushan is 987.5 mm and is 47% of the corresponding period rainfall. The highest is in July and the lowest is in February. This is mainly consistent with the variations of temperature, but is detained with the rainfall. 2.The annual average evaporation of free water is 1194.5 mm. The potential evapotranspiration is much smaller than the evaporation of free water in dry season while the both are very close in wet season. So the parallel of both is a referenced index for divieded dry and wet season. 3. The annual average evapotranspiration by theoritic formula is 951.9 mm and is nearly equal to the potential evapotranspiration. It is 45.3% of the corresponding period rainfall. 4. The annual average total runoff the monsoon evergreen broad-leaf forest in Dinghushan is 1103.8*!mm and the coefficient is 0.52. The annual average variation of store water is 38.9 mm. The annual average evapotranspiration by water balance is 960.1 mm and is very close to by theoritic formula. The system error is under 1% in three years. It has a preliminary result that the theoritic formula is worth spreading method for calculating the evapotranspiration of forest ecosystem.

Key words: Subtropical, Broad-leaf forest, Forest ecosystem, Potential evapotranspiration, Evapotranspiration, Water balance