木本饲料栽培、加工及其在畜牧业中的应用研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260134

林业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (9): 221-238.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260134

• 综合评述 • 上一篇

木本饲料栽培、加工及其在畜牧业中的应用研究进展

朱晶晶^1,²,郑嘉瑞^1,^2,³,孙佳星^1,²,张威威^1,^2,³,许锋^1,^2,^3,*(),丛欣⁴,陈强文⁵,杨伟^1,⁴

1. 长江大学园艺园林学院　荆州 434025
2. 香辛园艺植物种质创新与利用湖北省重点实验室　荆州 434025
3. 长江大学西部研究院　克拉玛依 834000
4. 国家富硒农产品加工技术研发专业中心(恩施德源硒材料工程科技有限公司)　恩施 445000
5. 荆楚理工学院食品与生物学院　荆门 448000

收稿日期:2026-03-06 修回日期:2026-07-17 出版日期:2026-09-10 发布日期:2026-09-16
通讯作者: 许锋 E-mail:xufeng@yangtzeu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（32371929）；2025年度国家资助博士后研究人员计划C档资助（GZC20251301）；湖北省尖端博士后人才引进项目（2025HBBSHJD056）；湖北省自然科学基金青年B类项目（2026AFB446）。

Research Progress on the Cultivation, Processing and Application of Woody Forage in Animal Husbandry

Jingjing Zhu^1,²,Jiarui Zheng^1,^2,³,Jiaxing Sun^1,²,Weiwei Zhang^1,^2,³,Feng Xu^1,^2,^3,*(),Xin Cong⁴,Qiangwen Chen⁵,Wei Yang^1,⁴

1. College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University　Jingzhou 434025
2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Spices & Horticultural Plant Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Yangtze University　Jingzhou 434025
3. Western Institute of Yangtze University　Karamay　834000
4. National Research and Development Center for Selenium-Enriched Agricultural Product Processing Technology (Enshi Se-Run Material Engineering Technology Co., Ltd.)　Enshi 445000
5. School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Jingchu University of Technology　Jingmen 448000

Received:2026-03-06 Revised:2026-07-17 Online:2026-09-10 Published:2026-09-16
Contact: Feng Xu E-mail:xufeng@yangtzeu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木本饲料是一类以具有饲用价值的木本植物幼嫩枝叶、花、果实、种子及其加工副产物?为主要利用对象的新型饲料资源，兼具较高的营养价值和显著的生态功能，在缓解传统草本饲料资源约束和推动畜牧业绿色转型方面具有重要意义。随着生态农业和低碳养殖理念的发展，木本饲料研究已由早期资源调查和单一利用逐步向栽培、加工调控和饲喂应用协同发展的方向转变，系统梳理木本饲料的分类特征、植物学和营养学特性、栽培技术及其在畜禽生产中的应用效果，对推动木本饲料科学利用和产业化发展具有重要价值。近年来，木本饲料研究主要集中在资源特性、栽培、加工和饲喂应用等方面。基于植物生活型、饲用部位以及饲用功能与营养特征，对木本饲料资源进行了系统分类，明确了其高生物量、高蛋白、高矿物质和富含多种生物活性物质等特点。通过优良品种选育、合理种植模式和科学田间管理，木本饲料的生物量和营养品质得到提升；青贮、制粉制粒和气爆等加工技术则有效改善了适口性和养分利用率。大量动物试验表明，合理添加木本饲料可改善反刍动物生产性能和瘤胃发酵功能，并提高家禽的免疫和抗氧化能力。此外，木本饲料在林牧结合、农业废弃物资源化利用和生态循环农业体系中也展现出良好应用前景。尽管木本饲料研究已取得一定进展，但在规模化推广和精准应用方面仍存在不足。未来，需进一步加强优质种质资源筛选、栽培和加工调控机制研究，明确不同畜禽的适宜添加水平和长期饲用安全性，并推动木本饲料在生态养殖体系中的综合利用。

关键词: 木本饲料, 栽培技术, 生态养殖, 可持续发展

Abstract:

Woody forage refers to a category of feeding resources that are primarily derived from the leaves, branches, fruits, and processing byproducts of woody plants. It has high nutritional value and ecological functions, and plays a significant role in alleviating the constraints on traditional herbaceous forage resources and promoting the green transformation of the livestock industry. With the development of ecological agriculture and low-carbon livestock farming concepts, research on woody forage has gradually shifted from early-stage resource surveys and single-use applications toward the coordinated development of cultivation, processing regulation, and feeding applications. A systematic review of the classification characteristics, botanical and nutritional properties, cultivation techniques, and application outcomes of woody forage in livestock and poultry production is of great value for promoting the scientific utilization and industrial development of woody forage. In recent years, research on woody forage has primarily focused on resource characteristics, cultivation and processing, and feeding applications. Based on plant life forms, edible parts, feeding functions, and nutritional characteristics, woody forage resources have been systematically classified, and their characteristics of high biomass, high protein, high mineral content, and richness in various bioactive compounds were clarified. Through the breeding of elite varieties, rational planting patterns, and scientific field management, the biomass and nutritional quality of woody forages have been enhanced, and processing techniques such as silage, milling and pelleting, and air-explosion have effectively improved palatability and nutrient utilization. A large number of animal trials have demonstrated that the appropriate supplementation of woody forage can improve the production performance and ruminal fermentation function of ruminants, as well as enhance the immune and antioxidant capacities of poultry. Furthermore, woody forage shows promising application prospects in agroforestry, the resource utilization of agricultural waste, and ecological circular agricultural systems. Although research on woody forage has made some progress, there are still shortcomings in terms of large-scale promotion and precise application. Future efforts should focus on further screening of high-quality germplasm resources, and the cultivation and processing regulation mechanism research. It is essential to determine appropriate supplementation levels and long-term feed safety for different livestock and poultry species, and to promote the comprehensive utilization of woody forage in ecological farming systems.

Key words: woody forage, cultivation techniques, eco-farming, sustainable development

中图分类号:

S789

朱晶晶,郑嘉瑞,孙佳星,张威威,许锋,丛欣,陈强文,杨伟. 木本饲料栽培、加工及其在畜牧业中的应用研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(9): 221-238.

Jingjing Zhu,Jiarui Zheng,Jiaxing Sun,Weiwei Zhang,Feng Xu,Xin Cong,Qiangwen Chen,Wei Yang. Research Progress on the Cultivation, Processing and Application of Woody Forage in Animal Husbandry[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(9): 221-238.

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饲料类型 Forage type	饲料名称 Forage name	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗脂肪 Ether extracts	粗纤维 Crude fibre	中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fibre	酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fibre	参考文献 References
木本饲料 Woody forage	构树 B. papyrifera	15~26	2~11	9~15	25~44	17~23	左鑫等, 2018; 张红等, 2020
	饲料桑 M. alba	14~34	2~8	13~16	21~46	10~43	寇宇斐, 2021
	沙棘 H. rhamnoides	18~22	4~6	12~15	34~39	27~33	邸俊龙等, 2015; 周蔓等, 2026
	胡枝子 L. bicolor	13~23	1~6	12~40	33~44	24~34	王清郦等, 2012; 马敏等, 2015
	辣木 M. oleifera	18~21	3~8	7~17	26~35	11~24	罗会英等, 2023; 张昕彤等, 2025
	柠条 C. korshinskii	3~19	1~7	23~53	51~63	40~49	孙姗姗等, 2020; 郭国庆等, 2025

草本饲料 Herbal forage	紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	15~25	3~6	24~28	38~42	22~34	粟绍媛等, 2025; 邓小雁等, 2026; 王改芳等, 2026
	黑麦草 L. perenne	11~19	2~6	13~23	38~39	20~40	李小坤等, 2011; 李富宁等, 2025
	饲用玉米 Z. mays	7-9	1~2	2~4	42~57	21~28	郑美等, 2021; 白露, 2025
	甜高粱 Sorghum bicolor ‘Dochna’	4~8	1~3	34~42	53~66	29~41	李俊峰等, 2024; 许明爽等, 2024

研究对象 Research subjects	总单宁 Total tannins	水解单宁 Hydrolyzed tannins	缩合单宁 Condensed tannins	皂苷 Saponin	植酸 Phytic acid	参考文献 References
构树叶 B. papyrifera leaves	16.92	3.13	13.79	24.06	1.27	Wang et al.，2022b
桑叶 M. alba leaves	7.70	—	—	82.00	16.10	Dongmeza et al., 2009
全株柠条 Whole C. korshinskii	7.67	2.15	5.52	141.53	—	王宁伟等, 2026
辣木叶 M. oleifera leaves	12.32	2.61	9.70	88.89	26.40	杨富裕等, 2024; 王飞等, 2025
榆树叶 U. pumila leaves	15.67	12.80	2.87	—	—	Beigh et al., 2018

饲料类型 Feed type	研究对象 Research subjects	添加比例 Add ratio	日采食量 Daily food intake/ (kg·d ^–1)	日增质量 Daily weight gain/ (kg·d ^?1)	饲料转化率Feed conversion ratio (%)	参考文献 References
构树青贮 B. papyrifera silage	肉牛 Beef cattle	在混合饲料添加15%构树发酵饲料 Add 15% fermented mulberry tree feed to the mixed feed	8.45	1.18	0.14	Tao et al., 2020
桑树叶粉 M. alba leaf powder	绵羊 Sheep	用桑叶粉替代约24%的常规饲料 Replace approximately 24% of conventional feed with mulberry leaf powder	1.673	0.26	6.04	Sun et al., 2020
杜仲叶粉 E. ulmoides leaf powder	肉牛 Beef cattle	日粮添加0.1%杜仲叶粉 Add 0.1% eucommia leaf powder to the daily diet	12.09	1.57	7.70	张莉等, 2024
辣木叶粉 M. oleifera leaf powder	幼羊 Goat kid	在山羊幼崽混合饲料添加25%辣木叶粉 Add 25% moringa leaf powder to the mixed feed for goat kids	0.37	0.04	8.39	Wankhede et al., 2022
柠条 C. korshinskii	滩羊 Tan sheep	在全混合饲粮中使用柠条替代苜蓿饲喂 Feeding caragana in total mixed rations as a substitute for alfalfa	1.39	0.14	9.28	乔彦源等, 2025

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木本饲料栽培、加工及其在畜牧业中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Cultivation, Processing and Application of Woody Forage in Animal Husbandry

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