To report the hypothesis that irreversible winter injury of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.) seedlings is caused by photooxidation,the following experimental evidences are provided:1.The CO₂ release of exposed seedling needles under strong PFD is coupled with O₂ absorption and it can not be inhibited by photorespiration inhibitor NaHSO₃,indicating the released CO₂ comes from photooxidation rather than photorespiration.2.Exposed seedling needles contain more product of lipid peroxidation and their thylakoid membranes have lower fattyacid unsaturation.3.The SOD activity in exposed needles is lower than that in shaded needles.4.The SOD activity in 1-year needles is lower than that in 2-year needles.5.Needles from adult trees have an second band of SOD is ozyme may provide an extra protection mechanism.

Through three year's study on the relations of flower bud morphology differentiation of various olive varieties in different cultivation regions to climate conditions and new shoot growth,it is believed that flower bud differentiation takes place in a short period and temperature is a leadling factor of climate affecting differentiation.The minimum temperature on average of ten days for the differentiation is 7—9℃,and optimum,10—15℃,then inferring that the physiological differentiation of olive flower bud has some degree of dependable relations to accumulation of lower temperature in winter and that the time changes of flower bud differentiation in various regions and years reflect focally the essence of temperature variation.The time sequence relation between differentiation and new shoot growth is one of the main types of nutrition adjustment and distribution on tree body.

Population genetic structure was studied using isozyme loci and phenotypic characters in five seperate clusters of masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) in Shaxian County of Fujian Province.By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and measuring twelve phenotypic characters,we investigated the population genetic structure of masson pine at molecular and phenotypic levels.The results were as follows: (1) The level of genetic variability in the population of masson pine,was relatively high.The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 64.5%±4.2%.The average number of alleles per loci (A) was 1.65±0.054.The average expected heterozygosity (H₆) was 0.216±0.0089. (2) Similar to reports for other conifers,the differentiation level of masson pine was relatively low.The average genetic distance (D) among the five clusters was 0.0047.2.4% of the allozyme variability was attributed to the differentiation among the clusters while the remaining 97.6% resided within the different clusters.The analysis of variance for the twelve phenological gharacters gave the same general trend and average genetic variation within the different clusters was 94% approximately,with same 6% resided among clusters. The aspects of population genetic structure of masson pine and some problems of isozyme analysis are discussed.

Xyelia lii new species Female:Head dark yellow; antennae dark brown;palpi yellow;ocellar area and its hind part,two kidney-form spots between eyes and ocelli,occiput,brownish black;two fine lines on lateral sutures,two oblique lines from lateral ocelli to antennal sockets,light brownish black.Thorax black;most part of prescutum,inner side of scutum,anterior part of scutellum,deep yellow;legs reddish yellow. Abdomen black;ovipositor black. Antennae and maxillary palpi as fig.1,2.Clypeus with central part convex and with central part of front margin convex as lobe; antennal furrows distinct;lateral sutures obsolete,transverse surture and coronal suture distinct;hind margin of head almost straight;venation of forewing as fig.3.Head with numerous fine punctures and sculptures(40×);thorax with numerous fine punctures.POL OCL=0.14:0.18;ovipositor as fig.4.Measurements(mm):Head 1.04; antennal joint 2 plus joint 3 0.83;length of forewing 4.03;length of pterostigma 1.02;width of pterostigma 0.39;length of body 3.32, including ovipositor 4.83;length of abdomen 1.47;length of ovipositor 1.52;lateral width of ovipositor 0.21;dorsal width of ovipositor 0.21;dorsal width of ovipositor 0.08. Male:Hypopygium deep yellow;POL:OCL=0.16:0.16;width of head 1.04;length of antennal joint 2 plus 3 1.04;forewing 4.24;length of pterostigma 0.90;width of pterostigma 0.39;length of body 3.32. The rest color and structure same as female.Penis valve as fig.5. Holotype:female,Jiangsu Province (Nanking),18,3.1984;Li Shangshu leg;Allotype:male,same as holotype;Paratypes:3♀♀,3♂♂ same as holotype. This new species is related to Xyela japonica Rohwer,but is easily distinguished from the latter by the dark yellow head,the width of head being over the length of antennal joint 2 plus joing 3,the light yellowish white pterostigma,the central part of clypeus which has no small tubercle. The adults feed on the pollen of Salix babylonica. All the type specimens are deposited in the collection of the Forest Research Institute,the Chinese Academy of Forestry.

Spatial patterns of Chinese-pine caterpillar(Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu)were measured by Chi square test of frequency distribution and distribution indies.And also new mathematical model and a few of new fit methods on the research of spatial pattern are presented, its includes:(1)m^*—m power law;(2)Jackknifing method is introduced for estimating the population distribution indices;(3)Marquardt's algorithm is applied to the fitting Taylor's power law and the new model. By the Chi square test of frequeucy distribution and distribution indices,the result have shown that follow:The spatial pattern of chinesepine caterpillar larve obeys the negative Binomial distribution;The basic component of spatial pattern is loose colony;The distribution of loose colony is aggregated but is uniform at lower density;The intra-colony distribution is random;The mean size of colony is between 40—60. By testing of the new model,m^*—m power law,it concludes that: When α<0.β>1 in Iwao's reg ression model,the statically spatial pattern of Chinese-pine caterpillar is aggregated,and its aggregation increases as density increase. Estimating the distribution indices with jackknifing method can reduce the bias of estimation give the approximatively fiducial interual.Therefore it may overcome the defaults of common used method. Fitting Taylor's power law and the new model with Marquardt's algorithm is better than the usual logarithm linear transform fitting method.

The properties of LVL made from small logs of larix(L.gmelini Rupr.)by means of RF heating process were discussed.The rate of temperature-raise in the core of LVL was investigated.The properties of LVL made of clear veneer by RF heating method were compared with those in which veneers have butt-joints,knots,and CCA preservative,and also compared with those made by room temperature gluing process.In order to meet the requirements for industrial production of LVL,the bending strength of large size specimens were also tested.

The variation of growth ring wood quality of Cunninghamia Lanccolata was studied by analyzing the micro-hardness density small tensile ect.the variation from earlywood to latewood in a single growth ring was shown out. The result of correlation analysis,which showed a closed relations with the result of the standard experiment,proved the regularation of the data,and indicated the accuracy and reliability of using the method objectively. Which provided the vast prospects for the research of growth ring wood quality.Farther more,basis theory of ecological wood science, relation among ecology environment,the variation of wood quality were also involved.

This paper gives a brief account of technological developement and major achievemenis in land transportation of wood in China since liberation with the emphasis on the discussion of selection of tractive vehicles for land transportation the future of forest railway transportation, and of the efficiency evaluation of land transportation of wood.It also makes some useful suggestions.According to the real situation our country and the esperiences in foreign countries,the author gives his view on the developing direction of wood transportation by track in China and the measures should be taken.

Photosynthesis,photorespiration and carbon dioxode compensation point of six seed sources in two-year-old seedlings and the effects of water potential of PEG substrate from 16 seed sources on germination have been studied. Net photosynthetic rate showed significant difference in six seed sources and biomass is closely correlated with green tissue weight and net photo synthetic rate. Significant reduction of germination percentage and rate of germination were already observed at -2 bars,the behaviour of sixteen provenances under water stress was differentiated:the seed sources from arid region have lower reduction of germination percentage and rate of germination than other seed sources.These patterns were believed to have resulted from adaption to environmental factors.

The comprehensive management of natural secondary forest were studied from 1974-1985 in the tree farm of Danangou village Huanren county,Liaoning province. The result shows that it is the important way to manage the forest rationally and change the low-yield secondary forest feature.The effect on the research as follow.The woodland increse of 20%,the srand growing stock increase of 14.9%,the forest withered and loss rate have come down from 0.87 to 0.21%,the timber yielding rate have gone up from 46.6% to 51.1%.The biological and bioecological effect of artificial mixed forest of coniferous and broadleaf is better than that of the pure korean pine of the same age,the content of the organic matter more than pure korean pine forest,and the same time,a great economic effect were obtained.

The microflora and biochemical properties of soil microorganisms and the soil fertility of interplanted forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Amomum villosum were studied,the results are as follows, Aftef Amomum villosum was interplanted with Cunninghamia lanceolata,the total number of soil microorganisms and the number of main physiological groups of microbes in soil were increased,the activities of soil enzyme and the intensity of soil respiration were strengthened,the physical and chemical properties of soil were improved,The result indicated that the interplanting method accelerated the decomposition of organic matters,promoted the accumulation of nutritive materials,and increased the capacity of effective nutritions in the soil,which acted as the effect of soil fertilization,and soil reclamation.It also provides a way of solving the problem of soil deterioration.caused by successive reforestation of Cunninghamia lanceolata.

Cupressus gigantea is a precious species growing on the banks of Yaluzangbujiang River.The height may reach to 45 m and the diameter may be 420 cm.Four types of sites (Tc₁,Tc₂,Tc₃,Tc₄)were classified and the study was carried on each of site types with following results: Soil moisture,maximum water holding cappacity and total soil porosity decrease from top to bottam of soil profile;Organic matter and total N content are rich.There is accumulation of ash elements in litter layer obviously,Except B,the microelements,such as Cr,Ni,Co,Cu,Pb,Zn,Sr,Mo,and Cd,are higher in cotent than that in the soil of Zhumulangma Peak area.Except Cr,Ni,other microelements are higher than that of normal everage content of the world soil.

The two cultivars were introduced in the spring of 1979,and planted in the temperate zone of north China and the south subtropical zone of Huaihe since 1980. The result from seven years observation as follow: 1. Resistance to Frigidity:The two cultivars have the similarities on physiology ecology and adaptable to growing regions.Its trunks are chapped by cold,'Luisa Avanzo' is less serious than'Cima' after 5 years old in Baoding Prefecture. 2. Resistance to Pest:Saperda populnea L,damages trunks seriously after planted 2—3 years,the damage becomes less serious late. 3. Resistance to Diseases:The cultivars are resistant to leaf diseases strongly in the temperate zone,however,this resistance becomes weak to the south of the subtropical zone of 32°58'N,and leaf diseases damage happens. 4. Growth:At 7 years old,the breast high diameter of 'Luisa Avanzo'reaches 28.2cm,17.4m in height;'Cima'28.7cm,7.5m in height,however,for the check cultivar——Ⅰ-214,the brest high diameter reaches 24.5cm and 15.8m in height only. In general,volume increase of the two cultivars is almost the same. ??which increase 30—100% than that of the check cultivar. 5. Suitable Region:The area of south of Beijing and north of Huaihe(the north temperate zone)is the suitable region. 'Luisa'possess high resistance to frigid,therefore,it can be planted in Beijing and Tianjin area;'Cima'posses less resistance to frigid and the northen limited boundary line is near to Baoding city.The two cultivars have been planted in 200 hec.

In the study,it lasted four years,chemical composition of percolation water of ground-liter from different vegetation belts,composition and structure of water solvent organic matter were analysed.The result shows that organic nutrients and inorganic nutrient Contents in percolation water from different vegetation belts possess almost the same properties,the main composition of percolation water from different vegetation belts has essencial similar composition and chemical structure.It provides an important basis for protecting and untilizing soil resource in different vegetation belts.

Periodical observations demonstrated that the current shoot of early diseased branch grew continuously when current shoots ceased to grow;their leaves turned into small in size and appeared to be bud scale in shape;numerous knots were formed together with fine,slender sprouts in a trailing plant shape.Generally,the fruiting bodies began to develop on the terminal end of early diseased shoots in October,and then branches produced.Until next year,the brooms were gradually formed and densely aggregated.Milky cheese like colonies might be isolated from diseased young shoots,fruiting bodies and diseased tissues around the fruiting bodies by enhanced surface sterilization.The current shoots were diseased by way of leaf core inoculation of tender shoots,and the incubation period being about more than 40 days.According to the development or symptoms and reisolation of pathogen,it is found that witche's brooms was caused by Balansia take(Miyke) Hara.

Temperature is considered to be the key factor influencing the growth and development of Trichogramma dendrolimi.The correlation curve between developmental ratio and temperature is "logistic".The developing rates have great differences in various host eggs.The accumulated effective temperature for eggs of Antheraea pernyi,Lebeda nobilis and Dendrolimus punctatus are 179.4,170.3,161.5 day degrees respectively. Each day-degree is relative to the percentage of the development of T.dendrolimi.The optimum temperature is from 23—25℃ At 15℃ of constant temperature the average number of the bursting eggs of a single female is the largest,up to 7 eggs and the life of females can last 8.3days.At 25℃ of constant temperature the average ofthe of fsprings reproduced by a single female remains the most,up to 224. 8.But at 32℃ both the number of the bursting eggs and the number of the offsprings of a single female descent conspicuously. The ratio of the number of T.dendrolimi to the number of host eggs has a great influence upon the parasitizaon,the average number of emerging adults from each of host eggs and the viability of the next generation.When three kinds of host eggs are used as the hosts,the suitable ratio may be as follows:1:1 for eggs of Antheraea permyi;1:4 for eggs of Lebeda nobilis;1:10 for eggs of Dendrolimus punctatus. The egg-cards in which T.dendrolimi parasitized and deveioped for 2days had best to be stored in a ice-box,and the eclosion ratio of the eggs will be 78.62% after 60 days cold storage and 67.79% after 90days cold storade T.dendrolimi possesses the habit of copulating within the host egg immediately before emergence.90% of their eggs may be oviposited within 12 hours as soon as they find the host eggs after emergence.The number of eggs laid does not descent if they find their host eggs in 4 days after bursting the egg shells,but their parasitization will sharply become lower over 4 days after burst. Slope and its direction,canopy density,temperature for releasing, velocity and direction of wind and the density of host eggs can affect the spread distance of T.dendrolimi.At the optimum temperature with a breeze,an efficient distance within 15m and an vertical distance within 12m may be favourable.

The China Fir Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook is a forest tree of economic importance for reforestation in China.In recent years,it had been discovered from Zhejiang province that the larvae of a pyralid insect pest identified as Euzophera batangensis Caradja bore into and devoure the cambium under bark causing damage to large numbers of trees of 3—10 years old.The present papee brings the results of investigations of bionomics of this insect pest carried out during 1983—1984 at Suichong county of Zhejiang province.It was found that this insect pest has 4 generations a year and overwinters in larval stage.The bionomics and control measures are described in detail.Testing of insecticide of 40% Dimethoate spread on barks is suggested as effective for its control.

These experiments were conducted in Deqing county of Guangdong province during March-May 1985.The attractive extent and effect were observed in blacklight traps to the pine caterpillar moths. The virgin females and males were marked and released,then recovered in blacklight traps.The females and males were recovered as much as 162 and 643 m respectively from the release points where 1% of the moths were recovered.The females moths captured contained an average of 95 eggs in the blacklight traps,23.8% of the eggs were killed in the females captured.

The specific heat of wood is usually measured through experiments. In this paper,a theroretical formula is proposed for estimating specific heat of wood by applying some basic principle in statistical mechanics. Specific heat valaues for 27 different wood species have been worked out with results matching well with those from direct measurement.