Investigation was carried out for water penetration into moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), grown in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province. Specimens were grouped with age classes of 1～4 years. The immersion time for maximum water uptake (MWU) ranged from 140 to 168 days. Group with older age took a longer time to get its MWU. About 90% of the voids in specimens were filled with water after the penetration had been executed for five weeks. A formula for MWU was developed and predicted MWU corresponded well to the measured ones. Empirical equation was put forward for water penetration into moso bamboo by polynomial regression. The fraction of water uptake in specimen was calculated from the empirical equation. There was a reasonable agreement between calculated and measured values of the fractions for four age classes of specimens. Discussion was also done concerning it that the accuracy of weighing was limited by the mass decrease caused by water evaporation from specimen surfaces.

Ni-P alloy coating was obtained by electroless plating on the surface of birch veneer. The variation of function group and element on it was analyzed in the pre-treated and plated process by FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis technology. It was shown by FTIR analysis that FTIR spectrums of birch veneer activated and dissolved colloid were almost the same with that of untreated one, which indicated that the structure of birch surface activated and dissolved colloid was not changed. It was shown by XPS analysis that colloidal particle which contained Pd⁰ core with catalyzing function was absorbed on the surface of activated birch veneer. However, Pd⁰ in the core can't catalyze the following electroless plating. After dissolved colloid, Pd⁰ was exposed to catalyze the electroless plating. In the beginning of electroless plating, Ni initial deposition was prior to P. The composition of the coating obtained was Ni-P alloy.

Chinese Fir and poplar are very popular plantation species in China. Better understanding of the variability of mechanical properties within a tree will result in economic and effective utilization of these two species. The MOR(modulus of rupture), MOE(modulus of elasticity), compression strength parallel to grain, shear strength parallel to grain and wood density were studied. The results showed: The MOR, compression strength parallel to grain and wood density of Chinese Fir increased wavelike from butt to top while MOE decreased contrarily. They had no statistically significant difference (at 5% level) between heights. Outer wood had higher properties than core wood, and all physic-mechanical properties had a statistically significant (at 1% level) different between core wood and outer wood. Only the MOE of I-214 poplar wood increased steadily from pith to bark, and the MOR in north direction had the same trend. As to other physic-mechanical properties, the lowest value appeared in the transition section while the highest value appeared near the bark. All the physic-mechanical properties had a statistically significant (at 1% level) different between position from pith to bark. Shear strength of core wood was lower than outer wood in radial section, and there was a statistically significant (at 1% level) difference between core wood and outer wood, not only Chinese Fir but also I-214 poplar. On the other hand, the shear strength of core wood was a little higher than outer wood in tangential section, but they had no statistically significant difference. Wood density had positive linear relationship with other mechanical properties, so wood density proved to be a good predictor for wood quality.

Longitude sawn timber usually was used as studying the properties of instrument vibration board. As radial sawn timber was also selected to be vibration board in real production, it is very important to evaluation the properties of the vibration board in the round especially when radial sawn timber sound radiation character and its relationship to longitude sawn timber have been studied. Up till now, for the nation and international experts, radial sawn timber has not been studied on its role and its function in sound radiation. This paper deals with seven important Spruce species that grow up in Sichuan and Heilongjiang Province of China and a Picea sitchensis specimen from America. Under the high mode bending vibration, MOE and other parameters of longitude and radial wood are tested. The results showed that there are some relationships between the vibration properties of longitude and radial wood. This research can be helpful to select the proper anisotropy, good toughness, and weakness in shear of longitude and radiation vibration timber to be musical instrument wood.

A method to predict the wood radial thermal conductivity based on back propagation(BP) neural network model which has non-linear relation highly was proposed. The generalization ability of the network was improved by regularization. The simulation results showed that the neural network model given in this paper is capable of forecasting the behavior of the wood radial thermal conductivity exactly and rapidly. Experiments presented that the model was of accuracy and was higher in respect of precision than the formula derived.

The color change of veneers dyed by solution of Acid Blue 5R and Reactive Red X-3B after Xenon-lamp attenuation tests(110 h) is evident. During it had been being irradiated the color index (lightness L~*, the chromaticity coordinates a^* and b^*) had a large change, especial the change of b^* is increasing rapidly, the change of the color difference (ΔE^*ab) in the early period is far more than that in the middle and later period. The color change degree of veneers dyed by solution of higher concentration is larger than that of lower dye solution, the color change degree of bleached veneers dyed by solution is more than veneers dyed directly. The relation of the color change degree and dyeing time is not evident. It is difference that the law of color change veneers dyed by different dyes with Xenon-lamp attenuation.

For making clear the geographic variance of gutta-percha content in Eucommia ulmoides samara so as to provide scientific guide for developing high yield gutta-percha industrialization base, studies were carried out on 16 producing areas from the main planting areas and introduction areas. Typical sample-tree selection and random selection were applied in this study. Integrated extraction was applied for the gutta-percha content rate test. The results showed that outstanding difference of gum content existed among samaras from different producing areas. The change of gum content in samara had a close relationship with its habitat. On the whole, gum content decreased gradually along with the latitudinal increase. Higher latitude, more sunlight hours and higher pH value made against the formation of gutta-percha in seed that resulted in lower gum content. On the other hand, higher gutta-percha content was observed from the area where there were higher precipitations.

Chitosan metal complexes(CMC) are the metal salts chelating with chitosan that is a non-toxic, polyamino-carbohydrate derived from the natural product chitin, which is the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose and mainly exists in crustacean shells. Available researches showed that CMC such as chitosan copper complex(CCC) and chitosan zinc complex(CZC) as a potential environment friendly wood preservative taking place of CCA in future had high effectiveness against both attacks from wood rotting fungi and termite. The anti-mold effects of chitosan copper/zinc complex (CCC and CZC for short) on bamboo wood of Phyllostachys pubescens were reported in this paper. Results showed that the anti-mold effects of CCC and chlorothalonil on Trichoderma viride Pers.ex Fr., Penicillium citrinum Thom. And Aspergillus niger V. Tiegh. Were all better than that of CZC, chitosan and boric acid. The anti-mold effects of CCC to Penicillium citrinum Thom. Was better than that of chlorothalonile, while bamboo wood treated with chlorothalonile had higher resistance to Trichoderma viride Pers.ex Fr. Than that of treated with CCC.

This paper is aimed at the problem of high energy consume in the process of the made of wood fiber in the wood-based panel industry. In the light of economize on energy, put forward the theory on the wood fiber of the micron cutting action. In this paper, by means of the analysis on power waste to the tradition process, utilized a series of analysis measure such as cytology, super precision work theory and fiber and so on to the micrometer wood fiber formation mechanism, and put forward the conception of wood fiber of micron cutting action. This paper explained the reason of the wood fiber defection made in tradition method, and waste lots of energy in that method. The paper studied diversification of the power in the cutting process on microcosmic search. We get the long and high quality wood fiber, that is a revolutionary step in the wood industry.

Using the residues from wood conversion of Acacia and Eucalyptus species as material, the molded decorative particleboard products were manufactured by two-stage process and the relationship between process parameters and properties of products were studied in this paper. The result showed that two-stage process was practical to pre-press particleboard mat then to hot-press in mold to produce tridimensional decorative particleboard. According to designed parameters, properties of Acacia products all exceeded national standard. In the study of relationship between process parameters and properties of products, it was remarkable that aiming density influenced on properties of surface, internal bond strength(IB) and bending strength and so on. Hot-pressing temperature and time parameters had visible affected on thickness expansion rate of water absorbing(TS) of the panels. As application of glue increased, all physical-mechanical properties increased, especially for TS.

In this paper, the change of moisture content (MC) of small-diameter birch lumber with the intermittent-heating and consecution-heats tests had been discussed. The result of research showed that: the drying rate of small-diameter lumber had fallen obviously after the MC getting 15%, and the rate of anaphase drying times 2～3 was prophase drying. The intermittent-heating was propitious to diffuseness of within water, but the time of intermission didn't have much effect on the drying rate. During drying, the MC grad along thickness wasn't symmetrical, which was interrelated with the more proportional heartwood of small-diameter lumber. The intermittent-heating cut the MC grads down, reduced the stress, and then improved drying quality.

The preparation and the properties of liner low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/polystyrene (PS) alloy were investigated. The composites of woodfiber and LLDPE/PS alloy in different blend ratios and blend temperatures were prepared and the appearance quality and the mechanical and physical properties of the composites were evaluated also. The results indicated that the melt flow properties and physical strength of alloy were different with different blend temperature and blend proportions. The properties of plastic alloy/woodfiber composites are relevant to the blend temperature and proportion of LLDPE and PS. The LLDPE/PS alloy of 50/50 blending at 200 ℃ has a good compatibility with woodfiber and appearance and physical properties of their composites are the best. The DMA data indicated that the thermal stability of plastic alloy/woodfiber composites is more excellent than correspondent plastic alloy.

Wheat stalk and recycled polystyrene(PS) were used as raw material to hot press composite. Such as hot-pressing cycle time, density of composite, and ratio of PS to adhesive content, were considered to effect composite properties by orthogonal experimental design and factors. Results showed that those factors made different effects. On the basis of available data, optimized process condition was confirmed: Hot press time of 7 min, hot temperature of 190 ℃, PS proportion of 35%, and the amount of 3%, were a better combination when board density was 0.6 g·cm^-3 or 0.65 g·cm^-3 ,the resulted composite meet the requirement of national standard.

The longitudinal tensile strength and the longitudinal tensile modulus of elasticity were investigated for moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) at different heights and radial positions. Results showed that the variation of the longitudinal tensile properties in the radial direction was greater than that in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal tensile modules of elasticity ranged from 8.49 to 32.49 Gpa. The tensile module of elasticity in outer culm was about 3 to 4 times as high as that in inner culm. The longitudinal tensile strength ranged from 115.94 to 328.15 Mpa. The tensile strength in the outer is 2 to 3 times as high as that in the inner. Linear and curvilinear regressions were done from tested data of tensile strength and modulus and air-dried density in this paper. The linear equation worked a little better than the curvilinear one to predict the longitudinal tensile strength and tensile modulus from air-dried density.

Dynamic changes of the contents of essential oil from oil-bearing rose introduced in Yangling were studied systematically. The results showed that fully developed rose flowers had the highest content of essential oil. Flowers must be picked during this period. In the whole bloom season (about one month), the yields of the flowers increased gradually, and then decreased. The contents of essential oil were higher in the flowers picked either at the initial or final bloom stages,lower at the stage of full bloom. The content of essential oil was negatively correlated with the yields of flowers. The optimum time for flower picking in a day was between 5:00～8:00 am, and could be lasted longer in the cloudy or raining day.

To provide the foundation for reasonable utilization by analyzing the contents and components of volatile oils from the leaf of Syzygium grijsii in different areas. The volatile oils were extracted by steam distillation and studied by means of the GC/MS/DS, the components were quantitatively determined with area normalization method.The results showed that the major components were sesquiterpenoid and terpenol of the volatile oils. 35 components were identified of the volatile oil from Minhou,Fujian Province. It was composed of 84.09% of total volatile oils. The main components were β-Cubebene(16.31%),β-Cadinene(10.78%),Elixene(8.36%),τ-Cadinene(5.23%).32 components were identified of the volatile oil from Changting,Fujian.It was composed of 72.08% of total volatile oils.The main components were Spathulenol(11.29%),β-Selinene(8.72%),τ- Cadinene(8.23%),τ-Muurolene(6.68%),Aromadendrene(6.24%),α-Gurjunene(5.58%). There was few difference among the components but significant differences among the contents of volatile oils of Syzygium grijsii from Minhou and Changting,Fujian Province.

Wood, as a kind of wooden biomass resource, is in a situation of being seriously lavished, so how to use the wood resource to benefit human is the problem that the scientific researchers are facing at present. This article summarized the biodegradation process of main components of wood in nature and the research situation, the facing problem and the progress tendency of bioconversion to useful products using wood residue, including bioconversion to ethanol, single cell protein, xylitol and lactic acid.

Borneol Cinnamomum camphora, discovered and exploited in the eighties of the twentieth century in Ji'an of Jiangxi Province, is a new specific chemical type of Chinnamomum camphora. At present, 360 hm² of the trees have been planted in Qingyuan District and its nearly counties of Ji'an. This thesis discusses the problems in the breeding of the trees and extraction and utilization of natural d-borneol. As a precious medical and perfume material, the tree has its broad exploitation and utilization prospects.

Previous studies have shown that wood is easily subject to biodegradation by a variety of microorganisms, and decay fungi often cause the greatest damage. Fungi can cause dramatic decreases in strength properties during incipient decay in wood, because they can rapidly cause structural failure, even though the weight loss is minimal. Therefore, early detection of wood incipient decay is critical. Culturing and microscopy are currently considered the only definitive methods to detect and assess incipient decay, however, they are time consuming, and less accurate especially for detection of decay at very early stage. Therefore a satisfactory method for detecting the presence of decay during the incipient stage is very necessary. There were a lot of studies on incipient decay in wood and its detection in many countries, a few studies however was investigated in China. Available literature on the effects of incipient decay in wood on strength properties and the methods for detection of incipient decay were reviewed in this paper, for emphasizing the importance of the studies on incipient decay in wood.

It is very difficult to characterize the fracture surface of wood with traditional way because of its irregularity and complexity. This paper, inspired from slit island method (SIM) and mass fractal method, proposes a new method, by which the change of sectional area with spatial location in wood fractures can be determined, to quantify the character of fracture surfaces. The experiment is done by continuously microtoming a fractured sample embedded with paraffin at intervals of hundreds micron along the longitudinal axis from tip to end of fracture. The results indicate there exists a linear correlation between the area and the corresponding location in a double logarithm coordinate. The slope, here termed as section variation dimension (D_L), is located between 2.23 to 2.75 with the D_L of pressed zone being smaller than that of tensile zone for a wood fractured by static bending, and D_L can be used to describe quantitatively the complexity of fracture surface of wood.

The thermodynamic parameters of FRW fire-retardant plywood at different temperatures were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) equipment such as storage modulus, loss modulus and loss angle tangent. The influences on the thermodynamic properties of FRW fire-retardant plywood by the FRW fire retardant were analyzed between the FRW fire-retardant plywood and the untreated plywood. The results showed that the transition temperature of FRW fire-retardant plywood's storage modulus was delayed than the untreated plywood. Its value was also higher than the untreated plywood. Meanwhile the glass transition temperature of plywood treated by FRW fire retardant was raised. FRW fire-retardant plywood could keep the better mechanical performances and ability of deformation-resistance at higher temperature and during longer period than the untreated plywood.

The paper first describes the watershed algorithm and solves the problem of the over-segmentation from the watershed algorithm by using the mark watershed transform; then wood defect image is treated with algorithm; finally the comparison is made between the original image and the edge image detected. The result showed that the wood defect image could be segmented with the mark-controlled watershed this algorithm and the defect edge image be exactly detected. Moreover, the treatment also provided the convenience for the following treatment such as pattern recognition.

The prevention of discoloration of three kinds of rattan canes, I.e., Calamus simplicifolius, Calamus tetradactylus, Daemonorups margaritae, was discussed in this paper. The pre-treatment, such as extraction of hot water and alcohol-benzene and PEG spread, was used to prevent the rattan canes discoloration. 1 000 and 4 000 molecular weight of PEG was chosen in the experiment. The result showed that the value of L^* and a^* changed remarkably and that of b^* was increased with the extraction pre- treatment by xenon lamp light irradiation for 84 h. The value of L^* was decreased clearly with extraction of hot water, a^* was change slightly and b^* was increased with extraction of hot water and alcohol-benzene. From the point of view of practical uses, the extraction of hot water was better than that of alcohol-benzene. The value of L^*, a^* and b^* of the rattan canes treated with PEG spread was decreased. The influence of the concentration of PEG solution was different with the three of rattan canes and the value of L^*, a^* and b~* between the molecular weight of PEG 1 000 and 4 000 had a small difference. Comparing with the extraction of hot water and PEG spread treatment, it is indicated that the former exceeded the latter. Along with increase of the irradiation time, the L* of the rattan canes treated with PEG spread was increased. It is suggested that extraction of hot water and PEG spread should be used together for the prevention of the rattan canes discoloration in the future.

This paper gives analysis on how to achieve the best ingredients to eliminate the blue-staining of Chinese White Poplar (Populus tomentosa). In the experiment, 8 kinds ingredient were analyzed by inspections and chromatic aberration. The results showed that: Chinese White Poplar blue-staining were soaked into ingredients 5: 5% NaClO+assistant medicament. The blue-staining of wood could be removed and wood colour and lustre was naturalness.

In this paper, a technique with combination of normal temperature drying and high temperature drying technology was introduced to dry Chinese Fir plantation board, the result with more than one year's researching showed that, the lumber dimension stability after drying was best when dried in combination method, and second when dried in normal temperature kiln while the worst in airdry. Meanwhile, the result also showed that not only was dimension stability increased but also the density of fir was increased, this fact made plantation fir a excellent material in furniture and interior decoration field. So primary conclusion was got that this combining way was considered one kind of lower drying cost, simple way and effective drying methods.