Based on the theory of ecological field, a natural community of Castanopsis fabri in Jinggang Mountain Natural Reserve of Jiangxi Province is selected to study and the result in this paper shows that ecological quantity field of C. fabri population has many features as follows: 1) Domain of the ecological quantity of C. fabri population is a circular of 60 m radius; 2)The “hump value" of β runs 100 years; 3) The gradient of the ecological quantity field of C. fabri population is as follows: Potential of quantity field gets stronger within 0～14.4 m of standardized distance and then it becomes weaker within 18.8～28.8 m in standardized distance; 4) The ecological quantity field of C. fabri population has the following features: First, it is one of cyclical and damp oscillation with a cycle of 50 years; Secondary, its amplitude sustains with a higher level of 250 years which indicate that up till now, the community of C. fabri is not on the decline;Third, the community of C. fabri will being on decline after 325 years when the dominant species of C. fabri will be replaced by other species in this community.

The soil respiration, temperature and moisture under Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the rocky mountain of north China were investigated. Soil respiration rate was measured with Li-8100, and the temperature and moisture were monitored with AR5 from January to December in 2006The results showed that the diurnal variation of soil respiration rate (SRR) was not remarkable, while the daily and seasonal variation was significant and displayed one single peak curve in the whole year, which basically accorded with the trend of the daily and seasonal variation of the soil temperature. The daily SRR was the lowest with almost unchanged daily from January to March and gradually rose in April, and then rapidly increased in May. It reached a maximum during July, and then decreased until November，when it approximated to that from January to March and didn’t change any longer until the end of December. SRR in the main growth season (April to October) was markedly higher than that in the minor growth season, and they were 3.63 and 0.90 μmol·m^-2 s^-1 respectively. The annual average SRR was 2.50 μmol·m^-2 s^-1. Soil respiration rate was significantly (p<0.01) correlated with the soil temperature at each of the 0, 5，10，15 and 20 cm depth, with the best correlation at 20 cm. The SRR exponentially increased in response to the soil temperature. Q₁₀ was 2.20, 2.28, 2.34, 2.40 and 2.48, respectively, at the above different depths. There was no significant relationship found between SRR and soil water content.

This study was conducted in the Huoditang natural forest area, which is a part of the forest water supply region for the Middle Line of the South to North Water Transfer Project. The area is located at a medium altitude across the southernslope of the Qinling Mountain range. Stream water samples were collected at the outlets of two small watersheds and two tributaries in the area over an eight year period. Annual changes in stream water chemistry were analyzed and possible causes for these changes were proposed. The results showed that the pH value of the stream water in the Huoditang natural forest area tended to decrease during the sampling period. In contrast, NO^3-, NH⁺⁴, Ca, Mg, Cd and Pb concentrations tended to increase. The changes in the pH value and NO^3-, Ca, Mg, Cd concentrations could mainly be attributed to pollution from local vehicular traffic. The concentration of Pb in stream water increased during this period. We attribute this to an increase in the release of Pb from soil and minerals as the pH value of rainwater declined. The K, PO^3-4, Na, Mn and Zn concentrations in stream water tended to decrease during the observation period. These changes are probably related to the revegetation of the forest. According to the results of this case study, we predict that the stream water pH value in the forest water supply region for the Middle Line of the South to North Water Transfer Project will tend to decrease while the concentration of NO^3-, Ca, and Mg will tend to increase. The changes in these factors will not be large enough to have a significant adverse impact on water quality however. At the same time, K, PO^3-４, Na, Mn and Zn concentrations will tend to decrease. That decrease in PO^3-4 concentrations will help to reduce the probability of water eutrophication in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, the main water storage area for the the Middle Line.The Cd, Pb concentration in stream water will tend to increase, and this problem must be addressed, even if the change is very small.

Hydrological effects of Castanopsis eyrei forest in Wuyi Mountain were studied in 2004 The results indicated: 1)There were 219 precipitations in 2004 and the total precipitation during this period was 1 767.4 mm， throughfall, stemflow and interception was 1 304.9, 245.0 and 217.5 mm, respectively, and which accounted for 73.8%, 13.9% and 12.3% of precipitation, respectively; 2) The throughfalls at different places in the forest were different significantly for the same precipitation, furthermore the relationship between throughfall and total precipitation was linear; 3) With the DBH increasing, the stemflow decreased, and the time taking stemflow was postponed; 4) When precipitation was lower than 202.1 mm, the interception increased with precipitation increasing, when precipitation was higher than 202.1 mm, the interception inclined to 52.5 mm.

This paper studied the resistance of four coloredleaf species in Prunus to sulfur dioxide to provide scientific references for selecting proper species as ornamental trees in landscape. The changes in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), membrane permeability, pH of extracted leaf fluid, and contents of malondialdehyde (MAD), proline and soluble proteins, absorbed sulfur were measured with two year old potted seedlings of Prunus cerasifera var. atropurpurea, Prunus×cistenena `Pissardii',
Prunus wrasifers `nigra' and Prunus×bliriana `Meirenmei' which were cultivated in a closed chamber after being treated with different concentrations of sulfur dioxide. The results showed that the membrane permeability, contents of MDA, proline, soluble protein, absorbed sulfur and the activities of SOD, POD, CAT increased, while the pH value decreased with the increment of sulfur dioxide concentration. The seven indexes, therefore, can be considered as main indexes for evaluating the resistance of colored\|leaf plants to SO<sub>2</sub> There was significant difference in absorbed sulfur content among four tree species, with the most in P. wrasifers `nigra'. Synthetical evaluation result of subordinate function analysis suggested that the resistance of four coloredleaf species to sulfur dioxide ranked from P. cerasiferavar. atropurpurea, P. wrasifers`nigra', P.×bliriana`Meirenmei' to P.×cistenena `Pissardii'.

Saplings of Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla regenerated by different vegetative propagation methods and generations were used as materials. Dynamics of four kinds of the endogenous hormones (abscisic acid, ABA; gibberellin, GA-3; indole acetic acid, IAA and zeatin riboside, ZR) in the leaves were detected using enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Regression analysis of the data was conducted with the growth characters to investigate the mechanism of eucalyptus senescence in the propagation processes. Results indicated that the contents of hormones in IAA, GA-3, ZR, and ABA/GA-3 value (k), ABA/ZR value and ZR/GA-3 value were all significantly different among the saplings. The six physiological indices could stably and accurately reflect the antisenescence capacity of eucalyptus, and predict the growth performance of the saplings. The IAA, GA-3 and ZR contents were all positively correlated with the antisenescence capacity. The higher the contents, the stronger the antisenescence capacity was and the faster the saplings grew. To the contrast, the k , ABA/ZR and ZR/GA-3 were negatively correlated with the growth characters. The growth characters were principal parameters and the hormone indexes were supportive parameters in determining the anti senescence capacity. The growth characters, integrated with the hormone indexes, could predict the growth and senescence progress in vegetative propagation process of E. grandis× E.urophylla. Based on the above testing parameters, the first generation of tissue culture was the strongest in the anti senescence capacity, the eighth generation of tissue culture was second, and the third generation from cutting was the weakest.

Six woody wild flowers which had high droughttolerance were selected among the wild flower resources in the east section of Yanshan Mountain. The drougtolerance of the species was in order of Securinega suffruticosa>Euonymus phellomanus>Elaeagnus multiflora>Grewia bilobavar. parviflora>Celastrus orbiculatus>Myripnois dioica.The relationship between the drought resistance and the activities of cell defense enzymes and membrane lipid peroxidation of the roots were studied under the drought stress. The results showed that MDA content and the activities of cell defense enzymes in roots were various in response to drought stress. The MDA contents of Securinega suffruticora, Grewia biloba var. parviflora and Euonymus phellomanus increased at first, and then decreased, and the increase was before the point of wilting, while those of Celastrus orbiculatus, Elaeagnus multiflora and Myripnois dioica gradually increased under the drought stress. Dynamics of the activities of cell defense enzymes varied in the six flowers. In response to drought stress, extra bands of POD isoenzymes presented in Securinega suffruticosa, Euonymus phellomanus, Grewia biloba var.parvifloraand Elaeagnus multiflora; some bands of POD isoenzymes diminished in Myripnois dioica; and the bands of POD isoenzymes remained unchanged in Celastrus orbiculatus.The results showed that the MDA content, activities of POD and SOD did not obviously relate to the drought resistance. The species that presented extra bands of isoenzymes had the ability to resist drought stress.

The composition and content of fatty acids, yield and physicochemical properties of wild and cultivation seeds of Staphylea bumalda seed oil were systematically measured with the routine analysis methods and GC MS in order to understand the characteristics and nutritional value of the oil. The results indicated that the kernel yield and oil yield of seeds were 49.78%～51.90% and 27.82%～32.72%, respectively, which belonged to high oil content. The total content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were 70.2%～80.3% and 59.4%～67.7% in fatty acids, respectively. The ratios of n6 PUFA/n3 PUFA and SFA∶MFA∶PUFA were 5.2～6.2 and 1∶ (0.4～0.9)∶ (0.8～6.6), respectively. The seed oil, belonged to linolenic acid type, had characteristics of low acid value (AV) and low peroxide value (POV). S.bumalda, a good kind of woody oil plant, can be used to exploit functional plant lipid.

Pollen grains of 26 wild Rhododendron species in southwest mountain region of Sichuan were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), among which 21 species were reported for the first time. They belonged to 3 subgenera (Subgen. Rhododendron, Subgen. Hymenanthes, Subgen.Pseudorhodorastrum), 4 sections and 12 subsections. All of them were tetrahedron with tetrad construction. Pollen grains of Rhododendron were spherical or subspherical with tricolporate and few of them with four colporates. There were varied visein threads on the surface. The size of tetrad and the pollen exine sculpture of them were different under SEM, whereas there was no conspicuous difference in the colpus and proximal exine. The difference of pollen exine sculptur and length and width of germinal apertures was not able to be used for classifying the subgenera, while the diameter of tetrahedron could be a trait used for further taxonomy. In the same subgenera, the morphology data of pollen could be used as supplementary characteristics to identify the section and subsection. It was not suitable for species indentification in Rhododendron only by morphological characteristics of pollen, however, it might be used for identification of some species within certain section and subsection.

Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of l6 Cephalotaxus fortunei provenances from main distribution area were analyzed using ISSR molecular markers. The result showed that there existed a high degree of genetic diversity for C. fortunei. Total gene diversity was 0.337 7 It was found that there was significant difference in genetic diversity among provenances. Provenances from the eastern and mideastern distribution area had higher genetic diversity. Small population effect, restricted gene flow and habitat fragmentation resulted in high genetic differentiation among provenances, which contributed to 25.9% of total genetic variation, and the differentiation within provenances contributed to 74.1% of total genetic variation. Analysis of Nei's unbiased genetic distance showed that provenances with higher genetic diversity from eastern and mideastern distribution area were aggregated. Genetic diversity difference between provenances from the central and the fringe distribution area might be attributed to difference between provenances of longleaf types and shortleaf types. The test also showed there was no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances among provenances.

This study investigated and selected 10 natural populations of Picea crassifolia in Qilian mountains,based on its natural distribution.Three needle traits, four cone characters, three seed scale traits, three seed wing traits and four seed traits in 10 trees sampled from each of the 10 populations were measured to investigate the phenotypic variation of natural populations and the relationship between the phenotypic variation and their different distribution areas. The methods of ANOVA analysis, multicomparison, correlation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used for analysing the measured data. The results showed that there were significant differences in all the traits among populations, and there were significant differences in the traits among individuals within population except the cone dry weight and cone length/cone width. The variation among populations, that is the mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (Vst), was 31.20% and smaller than that within populations (68.80%). The traits variation of the populations was affected mainly by longitude in spatial distribution. According to the UPGMA cluster analysis, the 10 populations could be divided into four groups.

Through the sequence analysis of 2 548 ESTs in Betula pendula deposited in NCBI, we found that 306 SSRs were distributed in 260 ESTs out of 2 548 ESTs sequences, accounting for 10.2% of the whole EST sequences. The frequency of SSR was 12.01%, in which, the repetitive proportions of dinucleotide, trinucleotide, and tetranucleotide were 81.37%, 16.67%, and 1.96%, respectively. Moreover, the efficiency of primer design with various softwares was different. The software, Primer3, designed 176 pairs of SSR primers, the proportion of primers, which were successfully used for amplifying DNA fragments of B.platyphylla, was 59.09%, and the proportion of primers that produced polymorphic fragments was 25.96%. The software, SSR primer, designed 100 pairs of primers, the proportion of primers, which were successfully used for amplifying DNA fragments of B.platyphylla, was 37%, and the proportion of primers producing polymorphic fragments was 48.65%.

In hilly and gully region of loess plateau, the technique of plasticcatchment and promoteinfiltration can increase survival rate, yield and quality of apricot and jujube, rainwater use efficiency and economic benefit, and prevent effectively from soil desiccation and harmful effect on plant growth. The experimental results indicated: The survival rate of apricot and jujube with the treatment increased respectively by 14% and 24% compared with control. The sapling grew quickly. The total yield of apricot fruit achieved 13 190 kg·hm^-2 in 5 years after plantation, and increased by 96.87% compared with control. The total yield of jujube fruit achieved 18 000 kg·hm^-2 in 5 years after plantation, and increased by 92.51% compared with control. Simultaneously the technique was able to remarkably enhance size of the fruit. Rainwater use efficiency of 5year old apricot reached 2.92 kg·m^-3, and increased by 53.68% compared with control. Rainwater use efficiency of 5 year old jujube reached 345 kg·m^-3, and increased by 53.33% compared with control. Net income of apricot and jujube increased respectively by 36.73% and 63.71% compared with their control. At the end of every year soil water storage of rhizosphere area (0～2 m) was obviously higher than control, the annual change in yield, water use efficiency, and etc. increased stably and gradually. In the growing season soil water content of rhizosphere area (0～2 m) was always higher than control, especially in rainy weather. This phenomenon was more obvious in 80～200 cm soil layers. During concentrated precipitation soil water recruitment below rhizosphere area (2～6 m) was 31.1mm, which was almost equal to 40 times of control. This water could be used by plant in arid season. This technique, with low cost simple operation, and long service time was high efficiency. It may have broad application prospect in the general drought and impoverished mountainous area of our country.

Larch bark moth，Cydia zebeana（Lepidoptera：Tortricidae） is an important shoot pest of larch. This paper reported the antennal ultrastructure of sensillum and distribution observed by both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Eight types of sensillum were found：sensillum trichodea，basiconica，auricillica，styloconica，coeloconica，chaetica，placodea and B hm breistles. Though the sensillum distribution characteristic of different genders was the same，the sensillum types and numbers in male and female showed dimorphism. It is worth to note the sensillum placodea with a tip pore was for the first time reported in lepidopterous moths, which might possess taste sense function.

This paper investigated the biological characteristics and occuring law of Dendroctonus valens (Red Turpentine Beetle, RTB) in China. D. valens lived through the winters mainly at elder larvae and mature larvae stage under the roots of Pinus tabulaeformis stumps and weak trees in most of areas infested. The RTB adults were also able to over winter under the bark of P. tabulaeformis stocks in some areas of southern Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Shaanxi Provinces. The RTB occurred for 1～2 generations in different regions. A RTB adult could probably transfer to attack other trees. Fired stands or
stands suffered wanton cutting were susceptible to infection by RTB.

The wood anatomy of Hippophae rhamnoides and Elaeagnus angustifolia were described and compared from an ecological perspective. Both species showed similar wood structure: distinct growth ring boundaries, semi ring porosity, simple perforation plate, alternate intervessel pitting, non septate fibres and helical thickenings are present while axial parenchyma is absent or rarely present. Typical different characters of two species in Elaeagnaceae are ray type and width and storied structure. In H. rhamnoides, there is a distinct storied structure in rays, axial parenchyma cells and vessel elements, but irregularly storied in E. angustifolia. Rays are unito biseriate, heterogeneous in H. rhamnoides, and 2～5 seriate, homogeneous in E. angustifolia. But there were few quantitative differences observed between them. The vessel frequency is larger, vessel element length is shorter and vessel diameter is much narrower in H. rhamnoides, thus lead to a smaller vulnerability and mesomorphy value, indicating adaptive to xeric conditions. The horizontal variation of vessel element and fibre length along the ring number from pith showed irregular tendency. There are significantly difference in vessel element length and fibre length within trees and between species. Furthermore, the relationships between anatomical features and adaptability to desert environments were discussed.

In order to find out the difference between juvenile and mature wood of Populus simonii×P.nigra, this paper compared their chemical composition, fiber morphology and the pulping property. The results showed that the contents of phenethyl alcohol extractives, cellulose and lignin in the juvenile wood were higher than those in the mature wood, the holocellulose contents in the juvenile wood were lower than those in the mature wood.The fiber length in the juvenile wood was lower than that in the mature wood. Adopting orthogonal experiment on kraft pulping, we analysed that it was very significant for the heat preservation time and the dosage of alkali to the pulping yield and kappa number of the juvenile wood, that it was also very significant for the dosage of alkali and the heat preservation time to the kappa number of the mature wood. On the same technical conditions of pulping,the pulp of the juvenile wood is higher in yield and lower in kappa number and degree of polymerization than that of the mature wood.

Because different woodrotting fungi have different wood degrading mechanisms to the same ligneous substrate, the composition and contents of phenolic acids of the same wood species degraded by different woodrotting fungi can exhibit different changes. In order to get more further study on wood biodegrading mechanism with david poplar wood degraded by wood whiterot fungi, different phenolic acids and their contents of david poplar wood degraded by 6 species of wood whiterot fungi living on broadleaf trees, i.e. Funalia gallica, Lenzites tricolor, Phellinus igniarius, Polyporellus brumalis, Pseudotrametes gibbosa, and Pycnoporus sanguineus were analyzed. HPLC method was used to measure the contents of dissociated phenolic acids of primitive wood sample and wood samples degraded by 6 species of fungi on 120 d, respectively, HPLC chromatograms of different samples were gained. A little powders shaved from the very surface of primitive wood sample and wood samples degraded by 6 species of fungi on 120 d were milled under dryness, vibrated by ultrasonic in petroleum ether and circumfluenced in methanol, then various phenolic acids in the same sample were separated from higher polarity to lower polarity in a reverse phenyl column, mg contents of various phenolic acids in each of 100 g sample could be calculated by the chromatogram area of various dissociated phenolic acids in different samples. Results showed that the kinds and contents of phenolic acids in primitive david poplar wood and david poplar wood degraded by 6 species of wood whiterot fungi on 120 d were different, the total contents of 9 kinds of dissociated phenolic acids in wood samples degraded by Pseudotrametes gibbosa,Lenzites tricolor, Pycnoporus sanguinus, and Polyporellus brumalis were higher than those degraded by Funalia gallica and Phellinus igniarius, indicating that the former 4 whiterot fungi with higher wood degrading ability gained higher contents of phenolic acids. But the total content of 9 kinds of dissociated phenolic acids in one sample was not completely same with wood and lignin degrading percent, suggesting that other dissociated phenolic acids or aromatic ring dimmer, trimer oligomer and heterocyclic compounds might be produced besides 9 kinds of dissociated phenolic acids tested, all of the aromatic compounds contributed to lignin degrading percent, 9 kinds of dissociated phenolic acids tested only was not enough to explain the lignin degrading ability, all other aromatic compounds except 9 kinds of dissociated phenolic acids should also be tested later. The kind and content of phenolic acids tested of each whiterot fungus were different from those of each other, indicating that different white rot fungi had different degrading pathway and intermediate degrading compounds to the same ligneous substrate. In addition, a little phenolic acids were in primitive wood sample which could be degradated and transformed into other kinds of compounds in the process of biodegradation, it would be further determined whether the primitive intrinsic phenolic acids could be transformed into other kinds of phenolic acids.

Tannin extract is traditional forest chemical product in China, their demand now is decreasing, and it is essential to develop new use. The modification of myrtan tannin extract and the dispersing performances of modified myrtan tannin extract to cement were studied. The results indicated that when the mass fractions of tannin extract and modified tannin extract to cement were 0.5%, the waterreducing rate of concrete was 7.1% and 13.1% respectively, and the initial and final setting time of cement paste added modified tannin extract was shorter 3 h 15 min and 8 h 50 min respectively than that of cement paste added tannin extract. The surface activity of modified tannin extract was less than unmodified, and the modified tannin extract almost lost its foaming capability. When the mass concentrations of modified tannin extract and tannin extract were 2.0 g·L^-1., their adsorptive amount on surface of cement particles was 7.39和5.91 mg·g^-1. respectively. When the mass concentrations of modified tannin extract and tannin extract were 1.0 g·L^-1., the ξ potentials on surface of cement particles added tannin extract and modified tannin extract was -22.13 and -25.53 mV respectively. Therefore the waterreducing and dispersing capability of tannin extract to cement increased significantly after being modified.

The bud endo dormancy in woody perennials, which formed during a long evolutional process, is a biological adaptability to the changes of environmental factors and different seasons. It is important in both theory and application to understand the complex mechanisms of how to induce or break bud dormancy. In this paper, the emphases were put on the factors that induced and broke bud endo dormancy, the changes in metabolism during endodormancy, the cellto cell communication and cellcycle signaling in apical meristem, and the genes associated with endodormancy. Finally, we proposed some aspects of studies on bud endodormancy mechanism in the future.

Red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens,RTB), which was probably introduced from USA, is one of the most important invasive pests in Chinese forest ecological system. The beetle traits had changed a lot since it was introduced to China, and the changed traits were linked to the abnormal mortality of Pinus tabulaeformis caused by the beetle in the northern China. Ophiostomatoid fungi were wellknown to have widespread symbiotic relationship with the beetles,such as Coleoptera: Scolytidae. The symbiotic fungi were of benefit for the insects to establish their population, and the symbiosis integrated to destruct the defense devices of the host (Pinus tabulaeformis). The paper mainly reviewed the study on the fungi associated with RTB in North American. There are around 10 species of ophiostomatoid fungi recorded associated with RTB in their original regions. Among them, Leptographium terebrantis, L. procerum, L. wingfieldii and Grosmannia wageneri are common and have relatively close associates of RTB. Their morphological features, phylogenetic relationships, life habits and pathogenicity were compared in details. Particular attention should be paid to these important forest pathogens invading to China and causing damage to Chinese forest ecosystem. The research perspective of fungi associated with bark beetle in China was also discussed.