Based on local monitoring data of rain, interception, runoff, soil water dynamics and biomass in an apricot forest on tableland and sloping land in loess region of Northern Shaanxi from 2005 to 2007, relationshis between natural precipitation and soil water supply, soil water supply and biomass, soil water consumption and biomass were analysed and established in this paper. In this region the apricot biomass carrying was 3 728 kg·hm^-2 on tableland, and 2 423 kg·hm^-2 on sloping land. Appropriate fruit yield of apricot were 4 714 kg·hm^-2 on tableland, and 3 064 kg·hm^-2 on sloping land. We propose to take comprehensive measures in production of apricot such as soil and water conservation, pruning, preserving soil moisture, flower and fruit control, and growth hormone application, balance of soil water resources between income and expenditure, and achieve sustainable development of apricot production.

In order to scientifically manage Juglans mandshurica， combined with its crown width reflecting growing space, the relationship between growing space and individual, stock volume periodic increment of 5, 10 and 15 years’ interval for bringing up Juglans mandshurica in second growth forests of Changbai Mountains was studied based on the 34 analytical trees (DBH 11.0～39.1 cm) growing in canopy layer. Regression models of optimal growing space in different upbringing intervals to DBH were constructed. Based on analytical data from 27 trees (DBH 4.6～14.3 cm) growing in understory, optimal growing space models for growing trees in understory were established to evaluate nurturing effects. The 3-parameter sigmoid models and quadratic models were able to well describe the relationship between individual, stand periodic volume increment to crown width of Juglans mandshurica, respectively. The power models could significantly describe the relationship between optimal growing space in different upbringing intervals to DBH of Juglans mandshurica. The logarithm models could significantly describe the relationship between periodic volume increment to DBH of Juglans mandshurica growing in optimal growing space. The periodic volume increments of J. mandshuria in 5, 10 and 15 years′interval growing in optimal growing space at least increased 97.8%, 114.4% and 128.5%, respectively compared with the suppressed space. The ratioes of optimal growing space (m) for bringing up Juglans mandshurica in 5, 10 and 15 years’ interval to DBH (cm) was 0.256 6～0.368 7, 0.344 1～0.447 1, and 0.449　1～0.504 6, respectively.

Pyroligneous acids were prepared throngh pyrolysis of apple tree branch at 3 temperature ranges. Chemical components of the pyroligneous acids were analyzed with GC-MS. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the acids were tested. The results showed that pyroligneous acids derived with 3 temperature ranges were slightly different in chemical compositions, but significantly different in the contents of each chemical component. A total 45 compounds were identified from the pyroligneous acid collected from lower temperature range, 100～200 ℃ (AP₁), accounting for 91.26% of the total peak area. Phenols, organic acids, ketones, and furan derivatives in the pyroligeneous acids accounted for 51.33%, 18.50%, 8.98%, and 7.23%, respectively. A total 47 compounds were identified from the middle temperature range, 200～310 ℃ (AP₂), accounting for 95.35% of the total peak area. Their phenols, organic acids, ketones, and furan derivatives accounted for 24.69%, 40.05%, 7.52%, and 12.81%, respectively. The pyroligneous acids from the high temperature range, 310～500 ℃ (AP₃), had 47 compounds identified, accounting for 93.00% of the total peak area. Their phenols, organic acids, ketones, and furan derivatives accounted for 34.66%, 28.37%, 12.49%, and 6.93%, respectively. Organic acids had the highest content in AP₂, while phenols had the highest content in AP₁. All the pyroligneous acids from 3 temperature ranges exhibited antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, with different strengths. The antimicrobial activities of three pyroligneous acids were in an order of AP₂＞AP₃＞AP₁. AP₂ exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity, significantly different from AP₃ and AP₁, and the range of EC₅₀ to plant pathogens was 2.43～5.27 mg·mL^-1. Antioxidant activities of three pyroligneous acids were all higher than those of BHT and ascorbic acid, and were in an order of AP₁AP₃＞AP₂ There existed a significant dose-effect relationship in the antioxidant activity. High antimicrobial activity of AP₂ and high antioxidant activity of AP₁ might be related to their high contents of organic acids and phenolic compounds respectively.

This article studied responses and resistance mechanism of Pinus massoniana to different stresses of acid rain, aluminum and acid rain-aluminum by using micronucleus test and nucleoli silver staining techniques, and the other physical or chemical methods. The results showed that: 1）Micronucleus rate of P. massoniana was gradually increased with pH lowering from 5.6 to 3.5, or aluminum concentration increasing from 100 to 3 000 mg·L^-1.The extent of impact of the different stress agents on the micronucleus rate was: acid rain-aluminum > aluminum > acid rain.　2) With pH declining or aluminum concentration increasing, number of Nucleoli of P. massoniana was gradually declined from 5.6 and 2.5 pH or from 100 to 3 000 mg·L^-1 aluminum density. The extent of impact of the different stresses on the micronucleus rate was: acid aluminum > rain-aluminum > acid rain.　3) With the stress intensifying, MDA content of seedlings increased and leaf membrane injury degrees were aggravated, at the same time the SOD and POD activities were gradually increasing, however the enzymes activities declined after a threshold of stress intensity. 4) Under the stress of acid rain-aluminum, P. massoniana was able to accumulate aluminum and tolerate aluminum poison when the pH was between 3.5 and 5.6. 5) One of the resistance mechanism of P. massoniana to aluminum poison was by increasing the synthesis of SOD and POD to reduce the aluminum toxicity with the injury. Another mechanism was by producing some substances which might be combined with aluminum to form a lower activity of the insoluble aluminum compound to reduce its mobility and activity and stored at the roots in order to reduce its poison effect.

Differentially displayed genes derived from the bark of two natural mutants （Cunninghamia lanceolata var. dugan and Cunninghamia lanceolata var. jurong 0）were analyzed during the wood formation by using mRNA differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR). Fifty-four differential display bands were collected after silver stain, and among them 29 bands were positive screening with second amplification and purification, cloning and reverse Northern blot analysis. Positive clones were sequenced and blast, the results showed: 1) nine differentially displayed transcrips matched to sequences of known or unknown function in GeneBank by Blastn (score>60). Functions of this cDNA involve ribosomal protein, signal transferring, polyubiquitin, resistant protein, histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein and ATP synthase respectively. 2) Blastx analysis showed that 12 differentially displayed fragments were able to be used for inferring functions. 3) there were still eight fragments with no hit in the GenBank. The results provided basic information for genes cloning in relation to wood forming in Chinese Fir.

A chitinase gene was isolated based on the library construction from Chimonanthus praecox flower and its EST analysis, and was named as Cpchia (GenBank accession No. FJ749130). The full length of Cpchia sequence was 1 184 bp, containing an opening reading frame of 954　bp. It encoded a polypeptide of 317 amino acid residues including signal peptide, cysteine-rich domain, hinge region, and catalytic domain. The homogeneity in structure and sequence showed that this cDNA would belong to Class Ⅰb chitinase, a member of the 19th chitinase family. We inserted this gene into the prokaryotic expression vector of pET-28a(+) and it expressed in Escherichia coli BL2l as inclusion bodies. The refolded proteins were obtained after stepwise dialysis, and the highest activity was 200 U·mL^-1 measured with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The enzyme was stable at pH 7.0， and had the most activity at 40 ℃ and remained active at 0 ℃. The results showed that Cpchia encoded the protein with chitinase activity and probably was related to cold tolerance of Chimonanthus praecox blooming.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was first applied in locating 45S rDNA sequence on metaphase chromosomes of Phyllostachys edulis, Ph. Bambusoides f.lacrima-deae, Pseudosasa amabilis, Sasa fortunei, S. pygmea, S. argenteastriatus and Bambusa oldhamii. The 45S rDNA locus was detected in the secondary chromosomal constriction region for all the bamboo species investigated. Additional 45S rDNA loci were also found in non-satellite chromosomes in a sympodial bamboo species—B. oldhamii.

The cinnamoyl-CoA reductase gene (CCR) of Pinus massoniana was amplified, cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No: EU753854). The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of CCR gene among different species were compared and analyzed by MEGA4.0.2. The results showed that the number of exons and introns of CCR gene of P. massoniana were the same as those in Pinus taeda, Populus balsamifera, Leucaena leucocephala, Betula luminifera, Eucalyptus gunnii, Eucalyptus saligna, and Eucalyptus globulus. They all had 5 exons and 4 introns. The size of coding sequence of the CCR gene of P. massoniana, encoding 324 amino acids, was 975 bp. The junction sequences of exons and introns of CCR gene of P. massoniana were in accordance with the law of gene composition (exon/GTPuAG/exon), except Intron Ⅱ/Exon Ⅲ (GTPuGG/Exon Ⅲ). The nucleotide number of Exon Ⅱ to Ⅳ of P. massoniana was the same as those of Eucalyptus,Populus, Betula, and Pinus. The similarities of nucleotide sequences of the coding region of CCR gene between P. massoniana and P. taeda, B. luminifera, P. balsamifera, L. leucocephala, E. gunnii, E. saligna, and E. globulus were 99.2%, 67.8%, 68.0%, 68.9%, 69.5%, 69.3%, 69.9%, respectively, and the similarities of amino-acid sequences were 99.1%, 73.5%, 72.5%, 74.4%, 75.0%, 74.4%, 75.0%, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic trees of P. massoniana with other 13 species (or sequences) reconstructed with CCR and the inferred protein sequence indicated that the 3 conifer species formed a separate clade and evolved earlier.

Broussonetia papyrifera is important with its environmental protection value and economic value. In this report，genetic diversity and genetic relationship were analyzed by SRAP marker. A DNA extraction protocol was developed for B. papyrifera and then an optimal SRAP-PCR system was established. The results showed that the bands ranged from 100 to 1 000 bp were clearly displayed. A total 439 bands were obtained by 17 pairs of primers, among which 319 bands were polymorphic, accounting for more than 72.6% of the total bands. The average Neis genetic diversity and Shannons information diversity index were respectively 0.227 5 and 0.133 6，which indicated genetic diversity of B. papyrifera was not high. The cluster analysis revealed there was relationship between the genetic variation and geographical distribution of B. papyrifera. Some specific bands were founded and could be converted into SCAR markers. This research would provide reference for making genetic map and breeding in B. papyrifera.

Background levels of heavy metal contents in edible fungi from Zhejiang Province were measured in random samples collected from main producing areas, supermarkets, farmer's free market. Data, after statistical analysis, showed that background levels were 0.078 mg·kg^-1 for Pb, 0.036 mg·kg^-1 for Cd, 0.009 mg·kg^-1 for Hg, 0.029 mg·kg^-1 for As in fresh edible fungi, and 0.452 mg·kg^-1 for Pb, 0.254 mg·kg^-1 for Cd, 0.044 mg·kg^-1 for Hg, 0.150 mg·kg^-1 for As in dry edible fungi, and 0.074 mg·kg^-1 for Pb, 0.122 mg·kg^-1 for Cd, 0.009 mg·kg^-1 for Hg, 0.030 mg·kg^-1 for As in Fresh Lentinus edodes, and 0.068 mg·kg^-1 for Pb, 0.026 mg·kg^-1 for Cd, 0.008 mg·kg^-1 for Hg, 0.029 mg·kg^-1 for As in fresh Pleurotus ostreatus, and 0.149 mg·kg^-1 for Pb, 0.019 mg·kg^-1 for Cd, 0.038 mg·kg^-1 for Hg,0.094 mg·kg^-1 for As in fresh Agaricus campestris, and 0.083 mg·kg^-1 for Pb, 0.013 mg·kg^-1 for Cd, 0.008 mg·kg^-1 for Hg, 0.020 mg·kg^-1 for As in fresh lammulina velutipes, respectively. The study was done through in-site sampling at reliable growing farms, followed by the standard lab analyses, and the statistical treatment with proved methods. Therefore, the obtained data were representative and reliable. Compared to related national and industrial quality standards, levels of heavy metal contents in edible fungi from Zhejiang Province were low and safe. The background levels in P. ostreatus and F. velutipes were similar and low. The levels of heavy metal contents including Pb, Cd, Hg and As in dry edible fungi were 4.9～7.1 times higher than those in fresh ones. The contents of Pb, Hg, and As in A. campestris were remarkably higher than the other edible fungi. There were 91.0% for Pb, 322.2% for Hg and 224.1% for As higher than the average contents in fresh edible fungi. Cd level in L. edodes was 238.9% higher than the average contents. Pb, Hg, and As in A. campestris and Cd in L. edodes should be watched over regarding to quality controls.

Effects of successive rotation and natural restoration after fallow on forest soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in the first generation Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests after clear-cutting were studied at Huitong Ecological Station, Hunan Province. Results showed that soil organic matter and nutrient contents of the naturally restored forests after fallow were generally higher than those of successive rotation of Chinese fir plantation in 0～30 cm and 30～60 cm layers. The differences in available phosphorus and humus carbon content were extremely significant, and the difference in total phosphorus content in 0～30 cm soil layers was significant. In the natural restoration forest, the activities of phosphatase, uresa and sucrase were significantly higher than those in successive rotation of Chinese fir plantation, and hydrogen peroxidase activity in 0～30 cm soil layers was extremely significant higher than that of the successive rotation forest, In 30～60 cm soil layers, the activities of Hydrogen peroxidase and sucrase in the natural restoration forest were significantly higher that in the successive rotation forest, however there was no significant difference in the activities of phosphatase and uresa. The activities of hydrogen peroxidase, phosphatase, uresa and sucrase had an extreme positive correlations with soil organic matter and nutrient contents, among which the correlations with hydrolysable N, available P and humus carbon were more significant than those with organic matter. Principal component analyses also indicated that soil enzyme activities played an important role in soil quality of forest ecosystem, of which the activities of phosphatase, uresa and sucrase could be used as indicators of soil quality in forest ecosystem. Natural restoration after fallow was able to restore soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities, and played an important role in maintaining sustainable forest-land productive forces of Chinese fir plantation.

In this paper, cotyledons of Cyclocarya paliurus were used as an experimental material and cultured on the WPM medium to induce adventitious root formation. Effects of different mass concentrations of exogenous ABA and IBA on cotyledon adventitious root formation were studied and relationship between the adventitious root formation and the endogenous hormones changes was investigated. The results showed that adding 0.5～5 mg·L^-1 IBA promoted adventitious root formation on the cotyledon to some degree, and the optimal concentration of IBA was 1.5 mg·L^-1, with which the root-inducing rate, the number of average rooting and the root length all reached to the highest level, with rooting rate reaching to as high as 100%. However, cotyledons with adding 0.01～0.5 mg·L^-1 ABA and the control without hormones had not adventitious root formation. Analyses of dynamics of endogenous hormones indicated that IAA played a key role in adventitious root formation. Initiation of root primordia needed high endogenous IAA, while the relative lower endogenous IAA level was suitable for formation and elongation of adventitious roots. Higher ratios of IAA/ABA and IAA/GA₃ were beneficial to adventitious root formation and could properly reflect the balanced need in endogenous hormones during the rooting process. GA₃ did not appear to be the key factor in adventitious root formation. The research results would provide basis for the study of adventitious root formation and the mechanism in Cyclocarya paliurus.

Monochamus alternatus is a major insect vector transmitting pinewood nematode disease，an important quarantine disease of pine forests. In this paper，the muscardine cadavers of M. alternatus adults died by Metarhizium anisopliae were put in the forest floor，and the dynamics of spores on the cadaver in natural status was studied. The knowledge would provide a theoretic basis for M. alternatuss biocontrolling using M. anisopliae as an agent. In the two-years experiment，the amount of spores on the cadaver decreased significantly in the first 42 days，and then decreased slightly. The amount of spores on the cadaver was maintained at the level of 10⁵ spores per adult from the 84th days to the end of the experiment. Spore germination rates were always above 90% within 126 days. Then the virulence of M.anisopliae to M. alternatus was tested in different time， and the difference of the virulence between the spores and the control was not significant when M. alternatus inoculated with 10⁷or 10⁶ spores·mL^-1. The results showed that spores on the cadaver could keep high virulence to M.alternatus for a long time in field.

Persimmon bark borer, Euzophera batangensis, is a principal insect pest in jujube orchards. It may cause severe damage in jujube orchards and can also attack many other plants, such as loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), Horsetail Tree (Casuarina equisetifolia) etc. The sex bionomic characteristics of the moth were observed and investigated in lab and in field. The emergence of the moth in evening (17：00-20：00) accounted for 45.71% of the total. The mating time mainly occurred from late night to early morning. Gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) detected responses of the male to different components in the female sex pheromone gland extract, and two-dimensional (GC×GC) gas chromatography with a time-of-flight mass spectrometric detector (TOFMS) tentatively determined the pheromone substances were (Z9,E12)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-ol (Z,E)-9,12-14∶OH) and (Z9)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol (9Z-14∶OH), and they were closely related to that from other Euzophera species. Spectral characteristics, retention behavior and the ability to elicit GC-EAD responses suggested that both the identified unsaturated alcohols were candidates of sex pheromone components for E. batangensis. Subsequently a field trapping test with other isomeric compounds of the (Z,E)-9,12-14：OH and 9Z-14：OH in jujube orchards showed that (Z,E)-9,12-14：OH attracted significantly more male moth of the borer in comparison to control and others chemicals. For the different dosage (5,50,500,1 000　μg) response, field tests showed the dose of 500 μg (Z,E)-9,12-14：OH trapped the moth of the borer most.

Methanol extract of husk of Carya cathayensis was further partitioned with petroleum ether，chloroform，ethyl acetate and n-butanol successively and obtained four crude extracts. Antifungal activity of the four crude extracts was tested against Alternaria solani， Valsa mali，Gibberella zeae，Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum. It showed that the n-butanol extract had the highest activity，ed by the chloroform extract and the petroleum ether extract，and the ethyl acetate extract had the lowest activity. Seven compounds were isolated from the chloroform extract. Their structures were identified as pinostrobin，plavokawain B，5-hydroxy-4′，7-dimethoxyflavanone，5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1，4-naphthoquinone，onysilin，pinocembrin and β-sitosterol，respectively. The Compounds were for the first time isolated from Carya cathayensis and showed to different degree inhibitory activities against the spore germination of Exserohilum turcicum and Pyricularia grisea.

The inhibitory effects of tetra-hexylresorcinol and kojic acids on the phenoloxidase from Lymantria dispar were investigated. The results showed that the IC₅₀ of tetra-hexylresorcinol was 0.000　41 mmol·L^-1 for monophenolase activity and 0.000　35 mmol·L^-1 for diphenolase， respectively. Tetra-hexylresorcinol extended the lagtime of the enzyme for oxidation of L-tyrosine. The lagtime extended from 181 s to 253　s by 4-hexylresorcinol with 0.000　2 mmol·L^-1, and the lagtime extended from 181 s to 372　s by the chemical with 0.000　5 mmol·L^-1. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that 4-hexylresorcinol was a competitive inhibitor for the oxidation of catechol and the inhibition constant was 0.000　15 mmol·L^-1.The IC₅₀ of kojic acids were 0.06 mmol·L^-1 for monophenolase activity and 0.92 mmol·L^-1 for diphenolase, respectively. Kojic acids extended the lagtime of the enzyme for oxidation of L-tyrosine. The lagtime extended from 306 s to 702　s by the kojic acids with 0.1 mmol·L^-1, and the lagtime extended from 306 s to 900　s by the compound with 0.15 mmol·L^-1. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that kojic acids was a competitive inhibitor for the oxidation of catechol, and the inhibition constant was 0.51 mmol·L^-1.

Based on the consecutive forest resources inventory data collected in 1985, and the forest fire data in Daxing'an Mountains occurred in 1987, the carbon emission and the dynamic of the NPP following the forest fire were studied by the GIS. In this study the forest biomass before the fire was calculated in order to estimate the carbon emissions during the period of catching fire. The estimated emitted carbon was around 1.97×10⁶～2.47×10⁶ t. Furthermore, the carbon emissions of different arbor species at different grade of fires were compared respectively. The result indicated that the carbon emissions of L. gmelinii was about 0.96×10⁶～1.19×10⁶ t, accounted for 49% of the total. The carbon emission in the area burned by severely fire was above 99% of the total carbon emissions. The NPP has been gradually growing over the last 21 years since the forest fire and currently the NPP of the burned area has already reached to the level of the unburned area.

This paper focuses on the response of main wood mechanical properties of the Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation wood treated in hot air and hot vegetable oil respectively for different processing temperatures and times， so the MOR（modulus of rupture）， MOE（modulus of elasticity）， compression strength parallel to grain and hardness of wood were studied， also， the differences of main chemical components of heat treated samples were analyzed， and the cross section of treated samples were observed by scanning electron microscope to acquire information on changes of heat treated wood internal structure. The results showed that the MOR， MOE， compression strength parallel to grain and hardness of wood had different responses to different heat treatment process， the MOR， MOE， compression strength parallel to grain of samples which was treated in hot oil or hot air all had a decreasing trend compared to reference samples， and their difference vary much when processing temperature was increased and times was lengthened during the heat treatment， in comparison with processing times，the processing temperatures showed remarkable effects. When samples were heated for 1，3 and 5 h at a temperature of 180 ℃ in air or oil， the changes of MOR and MOE were both within the scope of 3% and compression strength parallel to grain of samples decreased by 3.29%～9.58% and 3.89%～7.18% respectively， there were obvious differences in the compression strength parallel to grain but no obvious ones in the MOR and MOE， while samples were treated at 200 ℃ or above for 1，3 and 5 h， they all were significantly lower than those of the control， however， the differences were significant. The results of hardness showed that both of the hardness in the tangential direction and in the radial direction of treated samples tended to increase when the heating treatment time from 1 to 5 h at the temperature of 180 ℃， when samples were treated at 200 ℃ for 3 h， the hardness were the highest， while samples were treated at 200 ℃ for 5 h or above 200 ℃， the hardness tended to decrease， the hardness of samples treated at 220 ℃ for 5 h were significantly lower than those of the control. In addition， the effect of heat medium on the main wood mechanical properties of treated samples were significant， the variations of the main wood mechanical properties of the samples when the treatment of hot oil appeared to be slightly lower than that of samples when the treatment of hot air under the same condition. The differences in main chemical components and the cross section of samples in responses to the different processing condition reflected the response difference of main wood mechanical properties in Chinese Fir plantation.

Attempt was made in this study to estimate forest resources and resin production of pines in China， based on the data of successive nation-wide forest inventory which have officially been published. The objective of the study is to approach a scientific methodology to estimate the capacity of pine resin production in the country. Pine resources which could be used for resin production was calculated at the basis of age-classes and the resin production was estimated according to the number of individuals fallen into the category of age-class available for resin collection. The area of pine forest resource available for resin collection and the total amount of resin production were estimated to be about 316.65×10⁴ hm² and 162.5×10⁴ t·a^-1， respectively. The distribution of the resin resources in each province was also sown in the research results.

Diesel powered vehicles produce a considerable amount of particulate laden exhaust gases, which is thought to be the main source of air pollution and also cause lung cancer. The diesel particulate filter（DPF） is one of the leading technologies for reducing diesel PM（particulate material）. In this paper, utilizing carbonized micro-length wood fiber（CMLWF） as filter material of DPF is presented and a corresponding mathematic model is built for the first time. Theory and test prove that the filter efficiency of the CMLWF DPF is high, the pressure drop gradient low and performance life long, which can successively open up a new direction for reducing diesel PM.

The preparation of gold extracting activated carbon from bamboo knot by steam was studied．The effect of temperature，holding time and steam flow rate on the property of activated carbon was discussed．The pore structures of the activated carbon were characterized by N₂ adsorption isotherm．The result showed that the adsorption capability of activated carbon increased with the increase of temperature and holding time. The adsorption capability of activated carbon increased to a maximum and then decreased with the steam flow rate increasing. The analysis of N₂ adsorption isotherm showed that the micropore，mesopore and macropore of activated carbon was development．Under optimized experimental condition，the intensity，the adsorption value of methylene blue，iodine，BET，total pore volume，micropore volume of the samples were 97.5%，262 mg·g^-1，1 072.7 mg·g^-1，1 334.2 m²·g^-1，0.671 Ml·g^-1 and 0.574 Ml·g^-1，respectively．

Malus hupehensis was used as experiment materials. This experiments were conducted to explore the effects of benzoic acid on the productivity of superoxide (O₂·), the contents of malondialdehvde (MDA) and sulfhydryl group activity(—SH), antioxidant enzyme activity and mineral elements in roots of M. hupehensis seedlings. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the treatment of 5 mg·kg^-1(soil) benzoic acid and CK in above parameters. With 25 mg·kg^-1(soil) and 125 mg·kg^-1(soil) benzoic acid treatments, O₂· and MDA contents increased in the early period and then declined; —SH content decreased during the treatment time; activities of SOD and POD increased firstly, then decreased, CAT activity decreased firstly and then slightly reversed, but lower than that of CK; SOD, POD and CAT had a similar trend, activities of roots increased under 5 mg·kg^-1(soil) benzoic acid ,while they were inhibited by 25 mg·kg^-1(soil) and 125 mg·kg^-1(soil) benzoic acid; mineral elements were decreased. Benzoic acid in low concentration promoted antioxidant enzyme activity,—SH content, and uptake of mineral elements, reduced O₂· and MDA contents. In conclusion, benzoic acid of 5 mg·kg^-1(soil) had no effects on Membrance Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant enzymes in roots of M. hupehensis seedlings; at 25 mg·kg^-1(soil) and 125 mg·kg^-1(soil), benzoic acid increased Membrance Lipid Peroxidationd, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes of roots, and damaged integrity and stability of cell membrane in M. hupehensis seedlings, meanwhile, contents of mineral elements were decreased.

Fluorine content of tea leaves in mountainy tea gardens in Zhejiang Province and the influence factors were measured in 68 random plots, and a soil sample, a Spring's tea sample and an Autumn's tea sample were collected in each plot. The results showed that 99.3% of the total tea samples met the requirement of NY659-2003 in respect of fluorine, and the mean content of all 136 samples was much lower than the average fluorine level of Chinese green tea. The leaf fluorine contents of in the Spring and Autumn tea were respectively (60.28±47.00) and (61.43±31.19) mg·kg^-1 and there was no statistical difference between them. Regression analyses on the fluorine contents of tea and soil indicated that the fluorine content in soil significantly affect the fluorine content in Spring's tea but not that in Autumn's tea. The fluorine content of tea leaves was not different in relation to the altitude of tea gardens. However, the fluorine content was significantly (P＜0.01) different among various varieties of tea plants (Camellia sinensis), which suggested the capabilities for them to absorb and accumulate fluorine from their environment were different.

In this research, the typical sample method was adopted to collect samples in forest communities of Yushan, Changshu. Based on different indictor species of tree layer, the communities were classified into eight types using data from 22 quadrats by TWINSPAN. CommunityⅠ～Ⅶ were natural communities composed of native plants, most of which were in the medial and later stage of succession, with the zonal or partially zonal characteristics of vegetation, such as Ass. Cyclobalanopsis glauca+ Liquidambar formosana－Gardenia jasminoides + Symplocos paniculata－Lophatherum gracile. With Pinus elliottii as the dominant species of tree layer, Community Ⅷ was semi-natural plant community which derived from planted forests, and had no zonal characteristics. By means of analyzing internal structures and external characteristics of the communities, the seven natural plant communities were simulated and thus 15 models of planting design for urban open green space were formed for guiding the construction of plant communities in urban open green space. This research could provide a basis for planting design with a variety of seasonal plant landscape in Changshu, and supply reference information for simulating natural plant communities in other areas as well.

Five wood rot fungi were used to decay 300 mature trees of white birch (Betula platyphylla) in Liangshui experiment stations. The decaying susceptible and resistant populations in 10 trees each with the highest and lowest weight loss were selected, in which total phenol in wood was tested. The result showed that the birch wood with lower total phenol was easy to be decayed by Fomes fomentarius and Piptoporus betulinus; Irpex lacteus, Pholiota adiposa and Coriolus versicolor were not sensitive to total phenol in white birch wood. After GC-MS test to methanol extractionof white birch wood, 6 organic compounds were found. This paper would provide some useful information in future study difference in the chemical characteristics of the wood between decaying susceptible and resistant populations, and select natural anti-decadent plants.

The color change of ash wood（Fraxinus mandshurica） before and after high temperature heat treatment were investigated with WSC-S color difference meter in this paper. The results showed that: the color of treated wood is affected by the processing temperature, the higher the temperature, the darker the appearance, moreover, the change in L* component can be used for quantitative analysis on color change.The color of treated ash wood by suitable processing temperature could be simulated to some valuable wood, for example, teak wood, some rosewood species, etc. The color of treated wood could be well replicated from laboratory scale experiments to commercial scale production.

White rot fungus Pleurotus djamor H₁ was stilly cultured at 28 ℃ under 4 different kinds of LNAS culture solution, the extracellular enzyme solutions were sampled at different interval, O. D. values of the solutions, representing manganese peroxidase (MnP), laccase and lignin peroxidase (LiP) activities, were measured spectrophotometrically by monitoring the oxidation of 2, 6-DMP at 470 nm, ABTS at 420 nm and veratryl alcohol(VA) at 310 nm, the lignin-degrading enzymes of the fungus and the relationships between enzyme activities and medium composition and substrates were gained. Results indicated that Pleurotus djamor could produce MnP and laccase simultaneously, but no Lip. Substrates wood sawdust and 2, 6-DMP could significantly enhanced MnP and laccase activities, the biggest Mnp and laccase activity were 5 U·L^-1.and 38 U·L^-1when no substrates were added, and 69 U·L^-1 and 205 U·L^-1 when substrates added. The paper offered a basic ligninolytic enzymology of Pleurotus djamor for future utilization of the enzymes and further study on MnP and laccase mechanism of the fungus.

‘Lulin-3' is a male hybrid selected from a breeding population which was obtained from controlled pollination between I-69 (Populus deltoids cv. ‘Lux') and PE-3-71 （P. deltoides cv. ‘PE-3-71'） after a field test at seedling stage and a plantation test in a local region. It is a quality variety with traits of easy propagation, fast growth, resistance to disease and pest as well as other adverse conditions. Its wood property is suitable for industrial purpose such as pulpwood and plywood.