The fine roots of Cryptomeria fortunei were excavated from soil in order to accelerate the root senescence. The concentration changes of N, P, K, Ca in different order fine roots of Cryptomeria fortunei were measured in the course of senescence. The results showed as follows:1) There was obvious inner circle of N and K, however not significant inner circle of Ca, and no any inner circle of P, during dying of the fine roots. 2) The inner circle of nutrients firstly appeared in the 1st order roots, followed by the 2^nd order and the 3^rd order roots, which suggested the sequence of caducity and death was reverse to that of growth. 3) The nutrient flow exited different phases, that is, nutrients flowed from the 1^st order to the 2^nd order then to the 3^rd order of fine roots. 4) There was the same change trend between the concentration of N,P and K and the ratios of N /Ca, P/Ca and K/Ca , which suggested Ca could be as an indicator of other elements as far as inner circle were concerned .

Biomass conversion and expansion factor (BCEF), biomass expansion factor (BEF) and root∶shoot ratio (R/S) of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations in four typical regions (i.e. Guandi Mountain, Middle-alpine zone of Wutai Mountain, Basin zone of Wutai Mountain, and Saihanba Forest Region) were calculated, and then their heterogeneities were analyzed. Results showed that: 1) there was no statistical difference of mean BCEF between Guandi Mountain and Wutai Mountain (P>0.05), but the mean BCEF was greater than that in Saihanba Forest Region (P<0.05). Mean BEF in Middle-alpine zone of Wutai Mountain was greater (P<0.05) than that in the other regions among which there were no significant differences in BEF (P>0.05). BCEF value, as well as BEF, decreased and tended to stabilization with increasing stand age, mean DBH and standing volume. 2) there was no statistical differences of mean R/S among regions (P>0.05). R/S value had positive correlations with stand age and mean DBH (P<0.01), but had no significant correlations with standing volume and stand density. Based on these significant differences among regions, we recommend to select BCEF and BEF values in the given distribution regions. If possible, it is better to use the variable BCEF and BEF as functions of stand measured factors (e.g. stand age, mean DBH, and standing volume).

The ecological distribution and temporal dynamics of soil bacterial physiological groups in subalpine timberline ecotone and its upper boundary of scree meadow and below boundary of fir forest in Western Sichuan were investigated and analyzed with the plate count and MPN methods. Results showed that populations of soil bacterial physiological groups decreased with increasing soil depth. In 0-30 cm soil layer, the quantities of nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria, aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria, organic phosphorus-decomposing bacteria and aerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria were in a sequence of timberline ecotone soil＞fir forest soil＞scree meadow soil. There was no significant difference for ammonifying bacteria, inorganic phosphorus-decomposing bacteria and anaerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria between timberline ecotone and fir forest soil, while those bacteria in the two soils were more than that in scree meadow. The ammonifying bacteria, inorganic and organic phosphorus-decomposing bacteria were dominant physiological groups in each soil, while the cellulose-decomposing bacteria were the scarcest group. Furthermore, the populations of soil bacterial physiological groups were the least in 0-15 cm soil layer of scree meadow in April and the most in June, whereas the groups were also the least in the topsoil (0-30 cm) of timberline ecotone and fir forest, but all the most in August except denitrifying bacteria and anaerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria which were the most in June. There was no significant temporal dynamics in the subsoil under three kinds of vegetations. In general, the spatial distribution patterns and temporal dynamics of various soil bacterial physiological groups in timberline ecotone and adjacent vegetations were to certain degree different, depending on the site condition, soil nutrition and water-heat conditions.

The ecological relationship between Juglans mandshurica communities and environment was analyzed by using TWINSPAN and DCA. The results were as the following: J. mandshurica communities were classified into 7 associations by TWINSPAN, which were Assoc. Juglans mandshurica-Forsythia suspensa-Cimicifuga foetida, Assoc.Juglans mandshurica-Forsythia suspensa+Elaeagnus umbellata-Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx, Assoc.Juglans mandshurica-Forsythia suspensa-Aconitum kusnezoffii, Assoc.Juglans mandshurica-Forsythia suspensa-Elsholtzia ciliate, Assoc.Juglans mandshurica-Forsythia suspensa-Carex lanceolata+Ajuga ciliate, Assoc. Juglans mandshurica-Forsythia suspensa-Saussurea davidii+Artemisia subdigitata and Assoc.Juglans mandshurica-Forsythia suspensa-Veratrum nigrum. The results of DCA ordination of 35 quadrats showed the distribution pattern of J. mandshurica communities changed with the gradient of environment factors. The first axis of the DCA ordination reflected the aspect gradient, and the second axis reflected the terrain and soil type gradient. The DCA ordination of 20 dominant species was much similar to that of 7 associations, which indicated the distribution pattern of the dominant species in the communities, to some extent, determined that of the community type. Aspect and terrain were the main factors affecting the composition and distribution of the J. mandshurica communities.

Rational classification of vegetation types in a region by applying quantitative methods and analysis of the environmental factors influencing their distributions are indispensable for research, conservation and management of ecosystems in the region. We conducted a field investigation on forty-three vegetation plots (20 m×20 m) in Xiaodonggou forest area of the Altai Mountain in northwest China. In each plot data of the main environmental factors, including elevation, slope, aspect, large stone content, and grazing disturbance conditions, were recorded. The soil characteristics of water content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soil organic matter were measured. The results showed that among the 43 plots, We identified 23 woody plant species which belonged to 16 genera in 14 families. Cluster analysis classified the woody communities into 6 types, including 5 tree communities and 1 shrub community. The 6 community types respectively were shrubs, Populus tremula, Populus laurifolia, Betula pendula, Larix sibirica, and a mixed community of Abies sibirica + Larix sibirica+ Picea obovata and they had different distribution patterns along the major environmental gradients in the Altai Mountain. The DCCA ordination showed that the topographical factors of elevation, slope position, and aspect, and the soil factors of soil type, soil total nitrogen content, soil total phosphorus content, soil water content, and large stone content, were the major environmental factors affecting plant species distribution in the Xiaodonggou area. The distribution of the vegetations in the area was mainly controlled by the interactions of topographical and soil factors.

A full-length cDNA denominated PtLFY was obtained from Populus tomentosa using RT-PCR technique. PtLFY is 1 314 bp and contains an open reading frame encoding a 377 amino acid polypeptide. Sequence analysis by blast showed that PtLFY shares 68%-75% homology in amino acid sequence with that encoded by Arobidopsis LFY and other species LFY/FLO homologues. It was found that PtLFY protein contains 2 conserved domains at N-terminal and C-terminal by alignment analysis. PtLFY-C region consists of a seven-α helix fold structure that binds target promoter DNA elements. The expression patterns of PtLFY in developmental floral buds were examined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The result showed that the continuous and stable transcripts of PtLFY were detected in both male and female floral buds of P.tomentosa from September 13th to January 25th, and then a slight decline was detected on February 25th. The relative expression of PtLFY in male floral buds was obviously much higher than that in female floral buds. The anatomical results showed that initiation and differentiation of male floral buds were obviously earlier than female floral buds. It revealed that there is close relationship between expression of PtLFY and morphological differentiation of floral buds in P.tomentosa. This study shed light on the molecular mechanism of PtLFY in development of both male and female floral buds and flowering in P.tomentosa, and the knowledge will benefit regulation of flowering.

Total DNA of ‘Nanlin 95’ poplar was isolated by CTAB method with adjustment, and the fourth extron fragment(340 bp) from CCR genome amplified by using PCR methods. The PCR products were subcloned into pUCCRNAi with the forward and reverse primers, and transferred into pBI121 expression vector. The expression vector was introduced into ‘Nanlin 95’ by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Six transformants, which contain interference sequence of CCR, were obtained and approved by molecular identification.In comparison with the control, Klason lignin content of transgenic plants reduced 9.7 percent, holocellulose content increased by 3.14 percent, and the fiber aspect ratio remarkably increased. The transgenic plants are better material for pulp making.

Sucrose transporter is a functional protein which plays an important role in transporting sucrose and sensing specific sucrose signals. A sucrose transporter gene, named as BoSUT2 (GenBank accession number: EU247931), has been isolated from the first strand of Bambusa oldhamii cDNA through RT-PCR method. The cDNA is 1 668 bp long and contains an open reading frame which encodes a polypeptide of 555 amino acids. The result of a homology analysis shows that the deduced BoSUT2 is highly homologous to other SUT proteins from various monocotyledonous species. The similarity with BoSUT1 from B. oldhamii is the highest, reaching to 92.3%. Secondary structure prediction analysis shows that BoSUT2 has trans-membrane domains and sucrose transporter conserved domains, which indicates that BoSUT2 belongs to membrane proteins. BoSUT2 is expressed highly in leaf and sheath, and weakly in root as shown in tissue specific expression tests. BoSUT2 gene is constructed in the GFP fusion expression vector under the control of CaMV 35S promoter; and then transferred into tobacco suspension cells. The results of subcellular localization analysis further demonstrate that BoSUT2 proteins are mainly positioned on the cytoplasmic membrane.

Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) agglutinin (GNA) is toxic to sap sucking injurious insects of Homopteran． In this study,gna gene was successfully transformed into Sophora japonica by using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens． Transgenic plants have been obtained． Kanamycin resistant test， PCR and Southern blot bioassays confirmed that gna gene was integrated into Sophora japonica genome DNA． The test about expression of gna inhibitory activity indicated that almost every transgenic plant exhibited more or less stronger ability to agglomerate red-blood cell of sheep than the non-transformed plants． Some transgenic plants were observed to have stronger resistance to aphids than the control plants in the laboratory test．

This study investigated effects of shading on the photosynthesis, and other physiological and biochemical characteristics of tree peony (luoyanghong). The result showed: Under the natural full sunshine the net photosynthesis（P_n）of tree peony had a midday depression during 10:00—14:00. F_v/F_m and Φ_PSⅡ were both decreased to the lowest point at noon. The contents of MDA and O₂ were higher, while the activity of SOD and POD, the content of total chlorophyll, relative content of chlorophyll b, total hydroxybenzene, flavonoid and glutathione were all lower than that under the condition of 30% shading. Under the condition of 30% and 50% shading the phenomenon of “midday depression” did not occur, and the F_v/F_m and Φ_PSⅡ both had a smaller decline at noon, the content of total chlorophyll and the relative content of chlorophyll b was both the higher in comparison with the full sunshine condition. P_n maintained a higher level all day under the condition of 30% shading, and the content of total hydroxybenzene, flavonoid and glutathione was all the highest among the four treatments. Under the condition of 80% shading P_n had the lowest level all day, the activity of SOD and POD was both the lowest, the content of total hydroxybenzene, flavonoid and glutathione were also the lowest, and the content of MDA was the highest. It is concluded that tree peony would grow best under the condition of 30% shading in terms of the above comparisons.

Fine root morphology can affect root absorption of nutrients and water from soil, and the morphology is not only controlled by root structure, but also by exterior environments. In this paper, root morphology variation of Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings in response to nitrogen concentration was investigated with a potting sand-cultured experiment with three nitrogen (N) level in a greenhouse. The changes of morphology in both total roots and the first three order roots, and anatomical properties under different N concentration treatments were examined respectively. The results showed that: 1) total root surface area, total root length and specific root length (SRL) increased significantly with increasing N supplied, however, mean diameter was higher in low N treatment than in control and high N treatments. These morphological indices in the first three order roots had the same patterns as total roots. The changes in root surface area and SRL of the first three order roots from low N to high N treatments were derived from integrated changes of their diameter and length. 2) The changes of diameter and length in the first three order roots with different N treatments were closely related to changes of their anatomical properties. Increasing cortical cell diameter and cortical thickness in transverse section at low N treatment resulted in larger diameter roots. In contrast, cortical cell diameter and cortical thickness were reduced in high N treatment, therefore, resulting in smaller diameter. In vertical section, root length increment from low N to high N treatments was possibly due to increasing cell numbers at long direction. These results suggested that variations of fine root morphology under different N treatments were closely related to root anatomical changes.

Plant physio-ecological characteristics at different stages of vegetation succession are a foundation to demonstrate the inner mechanism of vegetation succession and to rehabilitate the deteriorated ecosystem. Leaf long-term water use efficiency (WUE) and hydraulic characteristics (specific conductivity K_s, specific leaf conductivity K_l, Huber value HV, xylem pressure corresponding to 50% loss of conductivities P₅₀ and wood density WD) of seven naturally generated dominant trees and shrubs (three trees:Populus davidiana, Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus liaotungensis；four shrubs:Amygdalus davidiana, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla, Rosa xanthina, Sophora viciifolia) and a planted species Robinia pseudoacacia were determined in this study research. Results indicated that: 1) Averaged leaf WUE of four shrubs was higher than that of four trees. Leaf WUE of planted Robinia pseudoacacia was the highest among the four trees, and leaf WUE in the early succession species Populus davidiana was higher than in the late succession species Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus liaotungensis. 2) Four trees species had a higher averaged K_s and a lower HV than four shrubs, thereby the averaged K_l showed little difference. Populus davidiana had higher K_s, K_l and a lower WD when compared with Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus liaotungensis. The P₅₀ of Populus davidiana was higher than that of Quercus liaotungensis but lower than Pinus tabulaeformis. Exotic Robinia pseudoacacia had a relatively lower K_s and K_l, and its xylem was more vulnerable to embolism than the other tree species. 3) No correlation was found between leaf WUE and hydraulic characteristics，indicating the change of leaf WUE during vegetation succession was mainly caused by other physiological processes rather than the studied hydraulic properties.

‘Shakira’，a rose cultivar with strong tolerance to water stress and‘Friendship’, a sensitive rose cultivar to water stress,were screened out from 12 cut rose cultivars which are popular in the current market, according to vase life, bent neck rate, water recovery rate, fresh weight loss and flowers diameter. The two cultivars were used to study the relationship between tolerance to water stress and accumulation of proline. The result showed that with the increasing of water stress, the content of free proline was significantly increased. The accumulation of proline in‘ Shakira’was less than that of ‘Friendship’under the light water stress, but became much higher than that of ‘Friendship’ with the severe water stress. Therefore, the accumulation of proline can be considered as the indicator of tolerance to water stress in the cut roses.

Content of anthocyanin, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid, dynamic change of pigments, soluble sugars and nine mineral elements were measured in different color leaves of different trees of Pistacia chinensis. The relationship between the leaf color and all chemical components was discussed. The results indicated that the chlorophyll and carotenoid shared the same changing trend. There were three types of changes in anthocyanin content: smooth, increasing and surging. Among nine mineral elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, manganese, and zinc had the bigger influence on the anthocyanin content. Soluble sugars and phosphorus was prominently and positively correlated to total anthocyanin content; whereas nitrogen had negative correlation with total anthocyanin content. There was a negative relationship between soluble sugar and chlorophyll, carotenoid, and a positive relationship between nitrogen and chlorophyll, carotenoid.

In this study, we determined the content of soluble sugar, total sugar, soluble protein, total nitrogen, free amino acids and crude fat in needles of various masson pine families, which have different resistance to Hemiberlesia pitysophila, to investigate the relationship between this nutrient content and the resistance of masson pines against the scale. The result showed that: 1)The content of total nitrogen in needles of high resistant families was lower than that in middle resistant families and low resistant families; 2) After being induced with injury by the scale, the content of soluble sugar and total sugar reduced, and the induced reaction was not correlated with families’ resistance; 3) The content of soluble protein, total nitrogen and total amino acids reduced with the soale injury. The induced reaction was positively correlated with families’ resistance, that is, the content reduction in high resistance families was greater than that in low resistance families, so that the content of soluble protein, total nitrogen and total amino acids in needles of high families was lower than that of low families after being injured by the scale; 4) The content of 16 amino acids in needles of high families was lower than that of low families after being damaged by the scale; 5) The content of crude fat and the ratio of total sugar to total nitrogen were not correlated with the resistance of masson pine against the scale.

Nelson (1984) and Simard (1968) model was used as a model of equilibrium moisture content, and we estimated the equilibrium moisture content function and timelag , and then forecasted fuel moisture content using the estimated value as parameters, and finally analyzed the impact of different modeling sample size and the model of equilibrium moisture content on parameter estimation and moisture content forecast error. The results indicate that: 1) Catchpole et al. method(When modeling sample size is 84)performs well in fuel moisture prediction. It shows Catchpole et al. (2001) method has a strong applicability in estimating fuel moisture from field data. At least 80 or more data are advised to be used and 30 data can also be used when error standard is not high(3%, for example).2) The predicting results based on Nelson(1984) model are better than that based on Simard model when sample size is small, but when it is over 84 , the two performances are not significantly different.

Understanding the probability of fire occurrence at different spatial locations has important significance for forest fire prevention and management. Many factors and their complicated interactions may affect the occurrence of fire. These make the predicting of fire occurrence very difficult. Fire occurrence prediction has become hot topics in the field of forest fire research. This study was conducted in Huzhong area of the Daxingan Mountains. By using weights of evidence, we chose the natural and anthropogenic factors that comprehensively affect forest fire occurrence, including aspect, topographic position, annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, 1 hour dead fuel loads, 10 hour dead fuel load, 1 hour dead fuel water content and distance to road. With these chosen factors as evidences, the fire occurrence probability map was generated. Our results showed that fire occurrence in Huzhong area had uncertainty to some extent. But our results still have significant implications for forest management. They may provide scientific basis for zoning forest fire risk and choosing priority areas for fuel treatment. Future research should be focused on forest fuels, especially on the spatial and temporal distribution of forest fuel load, to improve the accuracy of forest fuel data and to predict scientifically the occurrence of forest fire.

In the spring, summer, autumn and winter, for the low-quality forest stands of Lesser Khingan Range after selective cutting, the soil CO₂ flux of the low-quality forest stands was observed by the LI-8100 CO₂ flux automatic monitoring system. The influence of cutting intensity on the soil CO₂ flux, soil temperature and moisture was analyzed using methods of statistical analysis. The results showed that the soil CO₂ flux in the selective-cutting zone was higher than that in the check zone, and with the increase of cutting intensity, the soil CO₂ flux had the trend of decrease in the cutting intensity at 22%-47%，then stabilized. In the spring, summer, autumn and winter, the maximum value of soil CO₂ flux appeared in the conditions of the low and moderate cutting intensity forest stands. With the increase in harvesting intensity soil temperature increased, soil moisture reduced.The index model was suitable to the relationships between soil CO₂ flux and soil temperature which was 10 cm from the surface of the earth, and the quadratic model was suitable to the relationships between soil CO₂ flux and soil moisture. According to the standardized regression equation, soil temperature and moisture were the main reasons which effect the soil CO₂ flux, furthermore, the influence of soil moisture was bigger than soil temperature. Cutting intensity and soil CO₂ flux had a negative correlation, the relationship between the two was suit able to the hyperbola.

Bamboo, a kind of forest resources only less important than wood, is especially easy to mildew and discolor during outdoor service. In this work, TiO₂ sols were synthesized under low-temperature condition by sol-gel method. The crystalline TiO₂ film with a diameter of approximate 40-90 nm was coated on the bamboo at low temperature. The TiO₂ films were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope（FESEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and energy dispersive X-ray analysis（EDAX）. The effect of temperature and coating times on film crystal forms and its anti-photodiscoloration properties were mainly investigated. The results showed that nano-TiO₂ -modified bamboo in low temperature solution was mainly covered with nano TiO₂ film, which significantly improved the anti-photodiscoloration properties of bamboo，and confirmed the protective performance of TiO₂ films. The total color difference（ΔE） of the nano- TiO₂ -modified bamboo, coated for three times at the temperature of 105 ℃, was only one half of the control sample after 120 h acceleration weathering. This method was expected to become the new way of functional improvement on bamboo, and it had the reference meaning for the protection and improvement of wood and other biologic materials.

Nondestructive X-ray scanning method was used to determine moisture content profile and mean moisture content of red oak (Quercus rubra) and walnut (Juglans nigra) samples during hot air drying. The moisture content measured by the nondestructive X-ray scanning method was compared with the corresponding ones measured by the traditional weighting method. It was found that the two methods were highly correlated with the correlation coefficient over 0.97. Within the range of moisture content between 8% and 68%, the maximum difference of measured moisture contents using the two methods was less than 3%. The result showed that the nondestructive X-ray scanning is a good method to continuously monitor moisture content profile and mean moisture content during wood drying, which could improve the drying efficiency and reduce the energy consumption.

The function of riparian vegetation buffer strips, concerns of riparian vegetation buffer strips design and the use of models and geographic information systems in riparian vegetation buffer strips management were reviewed and discussed. At last, the prospect in riparian vegetation buffer strips research was proposed.

Forest ecosystems are a foundation of existence and development of human society. Therefore, the forest ecosystem health assessment is an important issue. This paper reviewed recent progress in the study on the assessment technology of forest ecosystem health from scale, indices, methods and standards. Then the paper analyzed the existing problems in present research. For example, the assessment indices are not comprehensive, the methods need to be improved, the standard is too subjective and the assessment result is inaccurate, etc. Therefore, the future research on forest ecosystem health assessment should be focused on theory exploration and research method improvement. First of all, the forest health mechanism needs to be understood more. And then assessment indices, means, methods and techniques should be improved to make the results more practicable. The health standards should be established for mainly forest vegetation in various areas. A comprehensive health assessment system for forest ecosystems should be developed aiming to supply bases for adjusting unhealthy forest, maintaining healthy forests and developing sustainable forestry.

States and trends of forestry-based carbon market were illustrated based on comparison between the voluntary forestry-based carbon market and the compliance carbon sequestration market under CDM from market size and project types and prices by credit and participants. It were analyzed that the effects of the voluntary carbon sequestration market on the compliance carbon sequestration market under CDM. The results showed that the voluntary forestry-based carbon market may have implications for the compliance carbon sequestration market under CDM by driving the price of carbon down, and may lessen the credibility of afforestation and reforestation projects under CDM if there is a high degree of failure in the projects, and may lead to a reduction of available land for successful projects, and may have a positive impact on afforestation and reforestation projects under CDM as they may be able to offer a more pragmatic approach to offset with similar results. Whereas the market of forestry carbon sequestration have important effect on mitigating greenhouse gas’s emission in China, it is necessary that building scientific management system and trading platform for credits from the voluntary carbon sink project and developing the voluntary forestry-based carbon market in China were made in this paper.

This paper reports a successful transformation of chitinase gene into Populus simonii×P. nigra by Agrobacteriuma-mediated means. For reducing adventitious buds, the optimal concentration of kanamycin was 40 mg·L^-1. Up to 700 mg·L^-1 of Cefazolin Sodium had no obvious effect on differentiation of leaves. About 20-day-old leaf disc explants were pre-cultured for 3-4 d, then immersed in Agrobacteriuma suspension for infection for 6-15 min, then co-cultured on non-selection culture medium for 3 d in the dark at 25 ℃. At last, the explants were transferred to the selection culture medium (containing kanamycin 40 mg·L^-1 and Cefazolin Sodium 700 mg·L^-1) in light at 25 ℃. RT-PCR analysis showed that 8 of 13 transgenic plants, which were screened by PCR and PCR-Southern blot analyses, had target bands. This result confirmed that the target gene had been integrated into genome of Populus simonii×P. nigra and expressed stably on the level of transcription. Chitinase activity of most transgenic plant leaves was higher than that of non-transgenic plants obviously, and No.11 transgenic plant had 3.093 times chitinase activity of the control plant.

Red Pine seedlings were grown in the potted soils with different acidity (pH=4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.0) to investigate their physiological responses to soil pH, and futher to evaluate the soil pH feasibility. Dramatic physiological responses of Red Pine seedlings were detected under various soil pH treatments. Under soil pH 5.5, the seedling foliages grew best, with the lowest malondialdehyde content, ion leakage and soluble substance content, and the highest carotinoid content and antioxidant enzyme activities; With soil pH 7.5 and 8.0 treatments, the seedling needles developed poorest, with greater membrane lipid peroxidation and lower antioxidant enzyme activities, and the greater cell membrane injury and soluble substance content. Results suggested that Red Pine seedlings was mostly adapt to soil with pH of 5.5, followed by soils with pH of 4.5 and 6.5, and could hardly adapted to soil with pH of 7.5 and higher.

In this study, we investigated the seed foraging and transporting by dirds in a Chinese Yew population with 5 seed-bearing female trees in Xianyu Mountain in south Anhui Province from Oct. to Dec. in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The seed is surrounded by an outgrowth of the seed stalk called an aril, a freshy edible red shaped disk. The arils became red in late October, and ripe fleshy fruits retained on a tree up to 34 days, which suggested it would be as dispersal period. The population dispersal period was as long as 38 days and 34 days in the two years. The fruits either droped to the ground or were consumed by birds or other animals in the tree. Shaking from birds' feeding and heavy rain would increase the dropping rate of fruits. Seven species of frugivorous birds were found to feed on yew's fruits, and among them Red-billed Blue Magpie (Urocissa erythrorhyncha), Chestnut Bulbul (Hemixos castanonotus) and Mountain Bulbul (Hypsipetes mcclellandii) were the most important predators. Total 2 082 fruits, which accounted for 31.7% of all 6 574 fruits from mother tree ① in 2007, dropped to the ground, while other fruits should be consumed by birds or other nocturnal animals. The three bird species might swallow around 2 661 fruits which accounted for 40.47% of the all. The birds swallowed the whole fruit, and consumed the red aril. Each fresh fece was found to contain one or two yew's seeds. Therefore, the frugivorous birds would have played an important role in spreading yews' seed by their flying route.

Effects of bacteriostasis of the Neutral Lipophilic Components in Zanthoxylum dissitum were studied. The neutral lipophilic extract was fractionated through SiO₂ column and the products were identified by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and MS. The results showed that the fraction exhibited strong bacteriostasis activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. and also showed more or less inhibition on Escherichia coli. Six components were obtained, namely triacontane, 1-hexadecanol, β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, isopimpinellin and bergapten. Except for β-sitosterol, the others were isolated from the plant for the first time. After the preliminary analysis, the coumarins were considered as the active components of bacteriostasis activity.

Based on the measurement principle of multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system, this paper proposed method of gain forest measurement factors by this system. Through comparing research of the statistical results in photogrammetry data of stumpage and measured data of total station, the result indicates that people may gain more reliable data by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system, accurately monitor forest and meet the need of forest measurement by this system. At the same time, by establishing three-dimension point cloud model based on 3-D model of tree, people may expediently gain forest measurement factors which shall be harder by traditional methods.

Applying glue system of medium density fiberboard is a typical nonlinear time-delay system.In this paper,based on the simple introduction of the principle of the inverse model identification,using the function approximation ability of support vector machine, the inverse model of applying glue system is identified with the direct inverse model identification method based on least squares support vector regression,and the simulation results indicate that the inverse model of applying glue system built through the direct inverse model identification method on support vector machine has high accuracy and the feasibility and validity of the method is also proved.