Changes in the understory plant species diversity in Larix gmelinii pure plantations were investigated after carrying on a close-to-nature stand transformation with different gap sizes and various soil disturbances, with conventional uniform thinning as the control. Increases in species number, quantity, coverage, mean height and diversity indexes (Simpson’s diversity index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou’s evenness index) of herbaceous species were detected in the transformed stands in the 1^st and 2^nd year; and significant differences ( P <0.05) were detected for all the indices except for evenness index in the 2^nd year. Among the dominant herbaceous species, hygrophilous ones increased dramatically in the gaps of the transformed stands. No significant differences were found in species number, quantity, coverage, mean height and diversity index of herbaceous species with different gap size. In the 1^st year after transformation supplemented with scratching the floor, the herbaceous species had significantly greater quantity,coverage and mean height in comparison to that without scratching the floor; but the differences diminished in the 2^nd year. No significant differences in species number, quantity, coverage, mean height and diversity indexes of woody species were detected between the close-to-nature transformation and the ordinary uniform thinning. Our results suggest that the close-to-nature transformation favors the development of understory herbs, and promotes the diversity. However, more work should be done to determine the influence of the transformation and soil disturbances on the development of woody species.

The classification of shrub types in Tibet with the remote sensing would be efficient because of the large size of shrub patch and pure stand mostly. Based on an investigation on the main types of shrub in Tibet by using the remote sensing, elevation, slope, aspect and NDVI were chosen as the main factors influncing spatial distribution of shrubs and discriminate model and rules were established by using the method of discriminate analysis. The remote sensing classification technique of shrub,used in Tibet, was discussed, and an assistant classification was carried out based on spatial distribution. The result showed the accuracy of assistant classification was carried out based on the spatial distribution. Characteristics was 86.24%, which met the requirements of forestry production. The accuracy of the mixed forests of Sophora davidii , Hippophae and Tamarix ramosissima was 95.00%, and the accuracy of the other groups were 81.08% and 81.25%.

In this paper, the effects of different land-use types on soil particle size distribution in the process of oasisization were detected based on a survey conducted in orchard, cotton farmland and Caligonum mongolicum plantation and naturally regenerated Alhagi sparsifolia vegetation in the rim of Cele oasis located in south rim of Tarim Basin. Soil samples were collected in the depth of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm respectively, and the characteristics of soil particle size distribution in the different vegetation soil were analyzed using the fractal theory and canonical correspondence analysis. The correlation between particle size distribution and other eight soil properties, such as soil organic matter etc., was also analyzed. Then the rational land-use types in oasis rim were further discussed and identified. Results showed that the volume content of soil fine fractions (lower than 50.59 μm) had significantly positive correlation with the fractal dimension value of particle size distribution, also had significantly positive correlation with the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen, and had significantly negative correlation with bulk density. C. mongolicum forest had the lowest variation in fractal dimension values at each soil depth, and other land-use types had no significant difference in the values but the orchard was relatively higher. The natural state land-use type covered by A. sparsifolia had a trend that fractal dimension value gradually increased with increasing soil depth, and its ability to hold soil nutrients was gradually stronger than other land-use types. These results indicated that development of orchard or cotton farmland was beneficial to maintaining or improving soil particle size distribution and other soil properties with a precondition that the water supply would be ensured. To the contrast, the natural vegetation should be maintained, and replacement of the natural vegetation by C. mongolicum forests could exacerbated the soil degeneration.

The CoupModel is a one-dimensional soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer model (SVAT). It was applied to simulate and study the processes of soil moisture loss and gain in potato farmland, acacia woodland, and grassland occurring in the hill-gully region of the Loess Plateau of China. The objective of the study was to develop theoretical guidance for farmland management and restoration of sloping farmland to woodland using measured and simulated soil moisture dynamics in three different vegetation regimes. Simulations followed the expected pattern in which water storage within the soil reservoir decreased with increasing soil matric suction and soil-water reservoir capacities were all characterized by power functions. The farmland, acacia woodland, and grassland soils respectively received a water input of 437, 361 and 429 mm water accounting for 94.3%, 77.9% and 92.6% of total precipitation (463 mm) in the experimental period from June 2006 to May 2007. Water storage within the soil profile of 600 cm layers ranged between 72.8%-79.3%, 37.1%-41.2% and 41.4%-47.5% of the field capacity, respectively, in the farmland, acacia woodland and grassland. The total water loss from the soil reservoir over the simulation-year was 421, 393 and 468 mm, respectively. Overall, there was a net annual water gain of 15.3 mm in the farmland while there was a net annual water loss of 32 and 39 mm respectively from the acacia woodland and grassland. It was suggested that there was excess water for farmland to consume, while a water deficit occurred in the acacia woodland and grassland. Therefore, more attention should be paid on the assessment of sustainability of vegetation restoration with woodland and grassland species for improving soil water management and soil reservoir restoration.

We studied the effect of different storage conditions and durations on seed viability and germination of five desert rare species, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus , Tetraena mongolica , Reaumuria trigyna, Amygdalus mongolica and Zygophyllum xanthoxylum . The results showed that storage conditions and durations did not significantly affect seed viability of R . trigyna and A. mongolica , which were above 90% after 12 months’ storage. Seed viability of A . mongolicus , T . mongolica and Z . xanthoxylum became lower when storage duration prolonged. Storage conditions and durations also did not significantly affect seed germination of R . trigyna and A. mongolica . Storage conditions had no significant effect on seed germination of T . mongolica and Z . xanthoxylum , while storage duration had significant effect on them. Germination of A . mongolicus was significantly affected by storage conditions and durations. Characteristics of seed storage and germination could provide theory basis for vegetation restoration.

A MYB gene, PeMYBF1 , was isolated from male inflorescence of Populus euramericana for the first time by a homologous cloning technique. Sequence analysis showed that the gene encoding protein PeMYBF1 contained only two tandem repeats of 53 amino acids in its N-terminal, which was characteristic of R2R3-MYB transcription factor, suggesting PeMYBF 1 is a putative member of R2R3-MYB gene family in P. euramericana . Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid alignment of PeMYBF1 and other MYB proteins revealed that PeMYBF1 belonged to subgroup 19, in which members have been known to play important roles in inflorescence development. Organ-specific expression analysis revealed that PeMYBF1 was predominantly expressed in both male and female inflorescence. Our results suggested PeMYBF1 would be involved in the regulation of flower development in P. euramericana . Moreover, temporal expression pattern of PeMYBF1 revealed that PeMYBF1 expression was tightly regulated during inflorescence development.

To establish an efficient tissue culture system for rapidly propagating Cyclocarya paliurus, axillary buds from the stem segment were used as explants and cultured on WPM medium. Effects of the different types and concentration of plant growth regulator on the germination of axillary buds and proliferation of multiple shoots were studied. The results showed that all nine hormone combinations promoted germination of axillary buds to some degree, among which the most suitable hormone combination was 6-BA 3 mg ·L^-1+2ip 1 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg ·L^-1, with 83.33% germination rate, the best growth state, but inducing only single bud in every treatment. Multiple shoots could be induced when the single bud was cultured in medium with TDZ, the optimal hormone combination was TDZ 0.1 mg·L^-1 +NAA 0.1 mg ·L^-1, and the germination rate and multiplication coefficient reached up to 100% and 7.33 respectively. With addition of 2.0 mg ·L^-1 GA₃, the elongation of multiple shoots was efficiently improved, and the shoots were healthy and strong, which provided a good foundation for rooting later. The study provided a basis for establishing rapid propagation system for Cyclocarya paliurus with tissue culture , and provided technical reference for developing rapid propagation of other forest species.

The morphological diversity of normal seeds and epiphyllous seeds of 8 Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla trees discovered in Shandong Province was comparatively investigated. The results showed that: 1) the mature epiphyllous seed had significant sarcotesta,mesdotesta,endotesta,endosperm and collar. The epiphyllous seeds had morphological diversity,and 1-2(15) ovules in various size bore on the leaf apex or margin and the collar was discontinuous. The end of mesdotesta was sharp,erect,or beak-like; the middle line on endotesta lied in micropylar part,and the dark-red endotesta in upper part was atrophy or deletion. The kernel had endosperm,but no embryo. 2) Both seed weight and nut weight of epiphyllous seeds accounted for 1/3 of normal seeds,and the kernel accounted for 1/4 of normal one. The ratio of nut to seed on normal seeds and epiphyllous seeds were 25.23% and 20.16%,respectively,as well as the kernel to nut was 74.26% and 48.91%. This study provided an illustration of the botanic and culture nomenclature of Ginkgo biloba ovule and seed.

Effects of the basic media and inoculum size on birch cell growth and the triterpenoid production were investigated using birch suspension cells, on this basis, the kinetic relationships of birch cell growth, triterpenoid production and nutrient consumption were also analyzed. The results showed the opbimal conditions for the birch cell growth and triterpenoid production were 20~30 g ·L^-1(FW)of inoculum size, in B5 medium. The kinetics analysis for birch cell suspension culture showed that triterpenoid production was increasing with the birch cell growth during a cell subculture cycle. During the teriod, the maximum specific growth rate was 0.18 on the 12^th day, and the maximum triterpenoid synthesis rate was 0.73 mg · g^-1 on the 9^th day. Sugar, NO^-₃, NH⁺₄ and PO^3-₄ in the culture medium were nearly used up on the 9^th day, The content of sugar, NO^-₃, and PO^3-₄ in birch cell were highest on 6^th day, but the content of NH⁺₄ in birch cell were higher on 3^th day. The results snggested that the nutrient deficiencies in medium wonld limited the cell rapid multiplication and triterpenoid content accumulation.

Both 32 ku and 36 ku proteins had been in speculated as the vegetative storage proteins the branches of Ginkgo biloba based on the obvious seasonal changes in their contents. The cytochemical localization of the two proteins was studied with the indirect immuohistochemistry localization technigue. The proteins with a certain immune correlation, were distributed in the vacuole of the parenchyma cells of cortex and the parenchyma cells of phloem. The results revealed tissue distribution pattern of the two kinds of protein, and in the meantime the results provided strong evidence to support the two kinds of protein as the vegetative storage proteins of G. biloba.

To explore the maturity mechanism and the method of regulating mature period of chestnuts,the starch,soluble sugar, soluble protein,Vc,IAA,ZT,GA₃,ABA and Eth of different mature period Chestnuts (0212,E two,0214,0206,0204 and E one) were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the change tendency of main nutrients’ accumulation were analogous. The starch and the soluble sugar were accumulated greatly before maturation 20~30 d. The contents of starch,soluble sugar,soluble protein and Vc were showed that the early maturation varieties>the middle maturation varieties>the later maturation varieties. The other results showed that the decrease of IAA,ZT and GA₃ and the increasing of ABA and Eth were beneficial to the accumulation of the starch,soluble sugar,soluble protein and Vc. IAA,ABA were the key factors,especially the IAA, for chestnuts nutrients accumulation,but the balance of all Endogenous Hormones were most important. And last,significant difference in maturation time of different chinese chestnuts were result from the different starting change days beforte maturation and the lasting times of endogenous hormones.

Physical-chemical properties and extraction protocol of the flower pigments of Camellia azalea Wei were studied in this article. The results showed that the best extraction conditions of the flower pigments were 20％ ethanol solution at 30 ℃ for 1 h with the solid-liquid ratio 1 ∶5. Light and reduced stability of the flower pigments. The pigments were stable with in lower pH,but the color changed at weak acid level which closing to neutrality. The pigments had less resistance capability against oxidizing or reducing agents and they were sensitive to chelating agents and or sodium beneoate. Glucose and sucrose almost had no effects on the pigments, but table salt, citric acid or vitamin C had hyperchromic effect. Metal ions of Co²⁺,Cu²⁺,Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺,Zn²⁺,Mn²⁺,K⁺,Al³⁺,Sn²⁺ also had hyperchromic effect, but Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Pb²⁺ reduced the stability of the pigment.

In an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism for resistance of black spot disease in poplar, gene expression profiles in leaves of Populus deltoides 'Lus’ (I-69/55) and P. euramericana 'I-45/51’,which were inoculated with the pathogen Marssonina brunnea f. sp. brunnea, were analyzed based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs). A total of 20 023 valid ESTs from the 5’terminal ends derived from corresponding cDNA libraries of the two poplar species were sequenced. Cluster analysis of the 20 023 sequences yielded 10 816 tentative unigenes, including 3 734 contigs and 7 082 singletons. All tentative unigenes were classified by Gene Ontology functional categories. To find resistance-associated candidate genes and locate them on poplar genome, 330 unigenes was chosen from 8 853 annotated tentative unigenes, and their BLAST alignment was conducted with Populus trichocarpa assembly, 177 related candidate resistant genes were found, and they presented in 282 unigenes. Among these genes, there were 135 genes located on 18 different linkage groups of poplar genome, and 42 genes located on the different scaffolds. This study supplied a resource of candidate genes for further exploring the genetic mechanism for the host horizontal resistance to the pathogen Marssonina brunnea at the whole genome range, and provided important information for further gene discovery.

The growth and nutrition metabolism of Robinia pseudoacacia were investigated by inoculating with the Glomus mosseae and G . constrictum under different nitrogen levels in sterilized soil. The results showed that the colonization, root system vigor, biomass, leaf superoxidedismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and nitrate reductase (NR) activity were significantly increased with inoculation with AM fungi,and the parameters were all influnced by the nitrogen levels, increasing and then decreasing with the increasing nitrogen levels, with the peak at 0.4 g ·kg^-1.To the contrast, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (PRO) were decreased first and then increased with the increasing nitrogen levels, with the lowest value at 0.4 g ·kg^-1. Effects of mycorrhiza varied by different AM fungi. Inoculation with G. mosseae has a significant correlation with infection rate and other indices,which promoted the growth and nutrition metabolism of Robinia pseudoacacia .

A masson pine ( Pinus massoniana ) provenance, Guangdong 5, that was selected from 40 provenances by repeated selections, had resistance to both pine wilt disease (PWD) and maturation feeding by the adults of Monochamus alternatus . When inoculated pine wood nematode, resistant masson pine provenances produced more terpene components, such as longifolene, and phenolic compounds. Provenances with resistance to maturation feeding by the adults of M. alternatus contained more contents of monoterpene, sesquiterpene, caryophyllene, however fewer longifolene, which may be related to difference in the feeding habits of PWD and M. alternatus . It was found that the provenances containing low content of free amino acids had resistance to adults of M. alternatus maturation feeding and PWD, confirming that low content of free amino acids in masson pine had strong resistance. The resistant provenances also had compacted bark organization and grew vigorously.

Dynamic data driven application system can improve simulation performance and accuracy by collecting and incorporating dynamic data from fire area. Based on BP artificial neural network,a frame construction of forest fire model selection of suitability was designed. Forest fire model selection knowledge was produced through BP artificial neural network. The system implemented automatic and intelligent selection of forest fire models. BP artificial neural network model of forest fire model selection was build by treating forest fire environment data as input variables and treating appropriate forest fire model as output variables. Additionally,we studied the methods acquiring and calculating data of input and output. The system implemented a mechanism of automatic model selection driven by dynamic data technology. We selected 72 items experimental data from historical forest fire records in Beijing to test and confirm the validity of model selection. It was found that the reliability of model selection was more than 80%.

In this paper, poplar were selected as the raw materials, melamine-formaldehyde resin(MF)was selected as adhesive, high-frequency hot pressing process was used to analyze the variation of temperature inside the mats for thick wood-based panels. The results showed the process of high-frequency hot pressing of the reconstituted lumber, power function was appropriated in describing the variation of temperatures inside the mats as a function of time. In length-width direction, the temperature may be different in heating process due to the moisture content. However, when the temperature surpass 100 ℃, temperature will gradually become stable. Along the direction of the thickness, the highest temperature was observed neither at the middle nor the surface layers of mats in high-frequency electric field, it occurred somewhere close to the positive plate, and the lowest temperature occurrrd near the negative plate.

The paper mainly studies high handle power chain saw vibration transmission path, and compares with model Дружба and model Урал-2 power chain saw made in Russia. We have come to the conclusion of power chain saw vibration is stochastic, and have many influence factors. For solving vibration problem from vibration source, we must use other type of engine. The distribution of power chain saw vibration energy is complicated, passage testing and analysis, we can find the reasonable install position of saw handles. The vibration value characteristic of saw handles is one of the most important factor of influence handfeel vibration. Saw handle of domestic power chain saw have the engine amplification characteristic, but abroad model machine have the engine attenuation characteristic.

The research progress on DREB/CBF (Dehydration Responsive Element Binding Protein/C-repeat Binding Factor) transcription factors in last decades especially in recent five years is reviewed,mainly including the structural features of DREB/CBF transcription factors,the cloned DREB/CBF genes and their expression regulations,the application of DREB/CBF genes in gene engenieering for improving plant stress resistance,as well as the existing problems and the future prospective of DREB/CBF to provide reference for plant stress-resistant breeding. DREB/CBF transcription factor, with a typical AP2/EREBP DNA-binding domain, could specifically bind to the DRE/CRT (Dehydration Responsive Element /C-repeat) cis-acting element and activate a lot of the expression of stress inducible genes under dehydration, low temperature and saline conditions, and hence increase plants’ tolerance to environmental stresses. According to the published literature in last decades,a vast number of DREB/CBF transcription factor genes have been isolated and characterized from a variety of plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana , Brassica napus , Oryza sativa , Zea mays , Triticum aestivum , Gossypium hirsutum , Glycine max and Lycopersicon esculentum . Over-expression of these DREB/CBF cDNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana , Brassica napus , Lycopersicon esculentum , Triticum aestivum and Populus could greatly enhance stress tolerance of these transgenic plants, which indicated the importance of DREB/CBF transcription factors in plant stress-resistant breeding.

Naturalness assessment was a basic work for natural forest management and it also could be used to propose reasonable measures for forestation. This study was carried out in Qinling mountain where most forests were natural secondary forests and our objective was to assess naturalness of the main forest types in this region. The data were collected from 35 stand plots and 105 soil samples. On this basis, through sensitivity analysis of 30 indexes which describes the community characteristics, 17 indexes were filtered out and used to establish an assessment index system. Integrated indexes were analyzed with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to build a model for assessing the naturalness. The results showed that: The integrated indexes of naturalness of Tsuga chinensis secondary forest, Quercus aliena var . acuteserrata secondary forest, Pinus armandii secondary forest, Cephalotaxus sinensis secondary forest, Pinus armandii plantation, Pinus tabulaeformis plantation, Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation were 0.98, 0.90, 0.78, 0.56, 0.39, 0.35, 0.01 and their naturalness classifications were 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5 respectively. Tsuga chinensis secondary forest, Quercus aliena var . acuteserrata secondary forest were Near -natural forest, other forests were semi-natural forest, Far from-natural forest, Near-plantation and plantation, respectively. The order of naturalness was climax community>transition succession community>pioneer community>native seedling plantation>exotic seedling plantation. The assessment results fitted the actual situation well, which indicated the index system had good performance in this region. According to the naturalness of different forest types, some corresponding measures of management were proposed.

Positive and negative external characters arising from public product's attributes is inherent reason for supply and demand imbalance of forest ecological service, based on capitalization's conception of use right system, this article analyzes economic connotation and inherent relation between chief certificate's value and deputy certificate's value of forest ecological use right, constructs multiple trade market including three main mode such as private trade of forest ecological use right based on spontaneous organization, open trade of forest ecological use right based on governmental guidance and public payment of forest ecological use right based on governmental regulation to resolve bottleneck difficulty of forest ecological service's capitalization and marketization.

Effects of lead stress on absorption and distribution of mineral nutrients in Pleioblastus fortunei were studied using a clone that was cultivated in 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with different Pb²⁺ concentration (0, 828.8, 1 657.6, 2 486.4 and 3 315.2 mg·kg^-1). Roots, rhizomes, stems and leaves were harvested after the seedlings became wilting, and the contents of lead (Pb), sodium (Na), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) in different organs were measured. The results showed that the contents of mineral nutrients in the organs significantly changed with Pb increasing. The Na content in P. fortunei was positively correlated with Pb concentration in the solution, the correlation coefficient were 0.876,0.938,0.938 and 0.954 respectively for root,rhizome,stem and leaf. However the content of B and K obviously decreased with Pb concentration rising. Among the measured elements the concentrations of Na and K changed the most obviously. Meanwhile Mg, P, Ca and Fe also changed to some extent in different organs. It was suggested that the normal balance among mineral elements was broken by lead stress, especially between Na⁺ and K⁺,which might be the major cause for lead potentially toxic to the plant. P. fortunei had a maximum tolerance to Pb of 828.8 mg·kg^-1, and it was able to effectively accumulate Pb and the enrichment coefficient reached to 1.87 and 2.48 in roots and leaves. Some elements related with chlorophyll synthesis, such as Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu, did not reduce, which, therefore, suggested that chlorosis of the leaves by lead stress was not caused by deficit of Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu.

Under the United Nations framework convention on climate change(UNFCCC), all parties are required to report their greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and removals. The carbon stocks of harvested wood products (HWP) are also a part of greenhouse gases (GHG) inventory. Forest harvest and wood product consumption play an important role in the carbon balance between forests and atmosphere. Consumption of wood products emits carbon, especially they are used in the landfill. However, the definitions and accounting approaches of HWP are still uncertainty. The implication of approaches applying in different countries is unclear. To impulse the ongoing international negotiation, this paper discussed the definitions and accounting approaches within the documents of UNFCCC and intergovernmental panel on climate change(IPCC) report, and also expanded the implication of HWP from a new position, which gave prominence to equity. In addition, this paper firstly put forward the new definition of carbon quality.

In order to evaluate the relationship between reflectance spectra parameters and physiological indexes, the reflectance spectra and red edge were characterized in the leaves of two-year-old hickory (Carya cathayensis) seedlings grown under different nitrogen concentration. The results showed that the spectral reflectance gradually became smaller in the visible region with increasing nitrogen concentration, and specifically the reflectance in the range from 525 to 605 nm was changed significantly, which was regarded as sensitive band range used in detecting the nitrogen level in this stualy. The red edge position had a trend shifting to long wavelength direction with an increaseinnitrogen concentration. The concentrations of chlorophyll and total nitrogen of leaves were significantly correlated to the reflectance spectra parameter GNDVI, Rch, mSR705, mND705, R800/R700 and λ_red, which indicated that these parameters were albe to be used to detected the nitrogen level in hickory leaves. PRI was increased with nitrogen concentration below 1.5 mmol ·L^-1, and then was deceased with higher nitrogen concentrations which indicated that PRI was able to be used to qualitatively estimate the nitrogen nutrition status in hickory. Additionally, PRI was significantly correlated to the Car/Chl. These results indicated that non-radiative dissipation of excitation energy associated with the activation of the xanthophyll cycle was initiated under different nitrogen concentration.

GC-MS was used to determine the composition and content of the terpene volatiles collected from uninfested and infested cones of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) by means of solid phase microextraction (SPME) during the host-selection and ovipositive period of Dioryctria pryeri . The electroantennogram (EAG) of D. pryeri male and female adults was tested in responses to the uninfested and infested cone,and 6 terpene volatiles and their blends. The results showed that D. pryeri had a greater EAG response potential to the infested cone than to the uninfested cone,and EAG response of the mated female was greater than that of unmated female and male. Both female and male of D. pryeri had the greatest EAG response to blends of 1R-(+)-α-pinene+ β-myrcene+ D-(+)-limonene among the all tested agents, and to β-myrcene and D-(+)-limonene among the individual agents terpene components.In the same concentration of the terpene volatile, the male had a greater EAG response than unmated and mate female.

This paper aims to quicker test the modulus of the thin wood composites, and developed a new non-destructive test method based on the principle of cantilever-beam bending and vibration. A cantilever beam testing apparatus has been developed to provide a means of dynamic and non-destructive evaluation of modulus of elasticity for small samples of thin wood composites. Five kinds of medium density fiber-board (MDF) were tested, and the testing results demonstrate that there are good linear relationships between the static modulus and the dynamic modulus.

The small samples of China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)/TiO₂ composite were made by sol-gel method and MWLPD (microwave assistant liquid phase deposition) method for the first time (XRD result shows the size of crystal TiO₂ are 16.4 and 28.3 nm respectively). It has been verified by antibacterial testing that the antibacterial rates of samples reach up to above 90%. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were regarded as testing target in the antibacterial testing. The antibacterial function of samples is long lasting and broad spectrum. The testing result shows that the antibacterial effect is influenced by light supply and testing temperature. Introducing the TiO₂ nanotechnology as photocatalysis antibacterial agent into wood industry will promote wood modification and development of multi-function wood product.