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Forest Ecology articles on forestry ecology since issue 4th of 2020

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Carbon Sequestration Value and Its Change of Phyllostachys edulis Forest: A Case Study of Fujian Province     Jincui Wu,Jun Zhou,Yu Zhang,Xiaoyan Yu,Lei Shi,Lianghua Qi Scientia Silvae Sinicae   2020,56(4 ):181 -187. DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200420 Abstract  （267） HTML （14） PDF（pc） （1346KB）（339） Save Objective: Carbon sequestration value (CSV) of (Phyllostachys edulis) forest were estimated and its spatiotemporal change was also examined,so as to exemplify an estimation method of CSV and contribute to a better understanding of the ecosystem service function of bamboo forest,thereby providing a theoretical and technical basis for carbon accounting and carbon trade. Method: Phyllostachys edulis forest in Fujian Province,accounting for 1/6 of the China's bamboo forest in area,was identified as a case study. We first fitted the biomass allometric equation and inverse models,then calculated the CSV of each bamboo component (including stand live culms,selectively cutting culms,bamboo shoot and soil) and also examined their changes from 2001 to 2014, using the data of stand increment,biomass,MODIS EVI and from questionnaires. Result: Over the past 14 years,the mean CSV of moso bamboo forest was estimated approximately RMB 553 million per time period (every two years),and a total CSV of the whole province was about RMB 38.71 billion. The CSV of bamboo stand and different stand components varied greatly; standing live culms,selective cutting culms,bamboo shoot and soil carbon accounted for 73.78%,16.11%,13.56%,and 3.65% of the total,respectively. During the study time,the CSV of moso bamboo forest showed an upward trend in fluctuation,with a increasing rate of RMB 157.69 per hectare per time period. Spatial distribution of the CSV showed a large variation; about 31.26% of the bamboo stands decreased in CSV,with an mean decrease of RMB 256.76 per hectare; about 68.74% of the bamboo stands increased,with a mean increase of RMB 640.80 per hectare. Conclusion: Moso bamboo forest in Fujian Province has shown an increasing carbon sink over the past 14 years. Compared with the three stand components,i.e.,standing live culms,bamboo shoot and soil,the selectively cutting culms has the largest contribution to CSV of moso bamboo forest ecosystem. Given that bamboo forests are at risk of degradation and very likely to be a carbon source without an intensive management,the selectively cutting culms is,therefore,an indispensable management measure to enhance the potential of carbon sequestration. Table and Figures丨 Reference丨 Related Articles丨 Metrics

Research Progress on Effects of Forest Fire Disturbance on Carbon Pool of Forest Ecosystem     Haiqing Hu,Bizhen Luo,Sisheng Luo,Shujing Wei,Zhenshi Wang,Xiaochuan Li,Fei Liu Scientia Silvae Sinicae   2020,56(4 ):160 -169. DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200418 Abstract  （417） HTML （22） PDF（pc） （1456KB）（318） Save Forest ecosystem is an important carbon pool and plays an important role in mitigating climate warming. As a discontinuous ecological factor of forest,forest fire disturbance is the driving factor of biogeochemical cycle,which significantly changes the structure and function of the ecosystem,nutrient cycle and energy transfer,and causes the change of carbon pool and carbon distribution pattern in forest ecosystem,and in turn affects the process of forest succession and carbon sequestration capacity. This paper reviews the domestic and abroad research method on the impact of forest fire disturbance on forest carbon pool,and focuses on the direct and indirect effects of forest fire disturbance on forest carbon pool. The direct impact is mainly the direct carbon loss of forest ecosystem,while the indirect impact is mainly through forest ecosystem net primary productivity and soil respiration changes to affect the carbon cycle and carbon balance of forest ecosystems. The influence of forest fire disturbance on vegetation carbon pool,litter carbon pool and soil organic carbon pool are respectively clarified. The forest fire disturbance affects vegetation carbon pool and nutrient turnover by directly changing vegetation coverage,and ultimately affects vegetation fixation to carbon and the transfer of carbon from vegetation to soil leads to redistribution between different carbon pools. In terms of the effects of forest fire disturbance on the litter carbon pool of ecosystem,the main researches are mainly the change of litter production under different forest fire intensity and environmental gradient after forest fire disturbance. The influence of forest fire disturbance on soil organic carbon pool can be studied from small scale and large scale. Generally,in the small scale,the change of topographic conditions may be the main reason that affects the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon pool. At relatively large regional scales,the interactions of climate,soil texture,topography,vegetation,and human activities and management levels can affect the spatial migration and morphological transformation of soil organic carbon pools,which leads to the difference of soil organic carbon pools in different regions. On this basis,this paper points out the existing problems in the study. Finally,the quantitative research on the influence of forest fire disturbance on the carbon pool of forest ecosystem is put forward:1) Futher research on the effect mechanism of forest fire disturbance on the carbon pool circulation of forest ecosystem. 2) Strengthen the systematic study of "vegetation-soil-water-microbe-climate". 3) Improve the quantification of forest fires in the forest ecosystem by the forest fire disturbance at different time and space scales. 4) Futher discussion in-depth of the interaction between forest fire disturbance and carbon in forest ecosystems and its impact mechanism. Table and Figures丨 Reference丨 Related Articles丨 Metrics

Response of Forest Soil Enzyme Activities to Elevation in Nangunhe Natural Reserve     Yulian Ren,Mei Lu,Qianbin Cao,Cong Li,Jun Feng,Zhisheng Wang Scientia Silvae Sinicae   2020,56(4 ):22 -34. DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200403 Abstract  （229） HTML （10） PDF（pc） （4658KB）（138） Save Objective: The response of soil enzyme activity to the variation of environmental factors along elevation gradient was studied in order to provide a theoretical and data basis for the interaction process and mechanism between hydrothermal conditions-vegetation-soil physicochemical properties at different elevations and enzyme activity in Nangunhe National Nature Reserve. Methods: Three typical vegetation types (i.e. ravine rainforest, semi-evergreen monsoon forest, and mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest) of different elevations were investigated to study the characteristics of forest soil enzyme activities in different soil layers and at different elevations. Redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo test were used to analyze the effect of change in environmental factors along elevation gradients to soil enzyme activities. Results: We found that different changes along elevation gradients in the microclimate and plant diversity were significant (P < 0.05). Average annual precipitation and Simpson index increased, while the plant community diversity (i.e. Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Palou index), average annual air temperature and soil temperature decreased significantly along the elevation gradients. The physicochemical properties in soil varied significantly with the elevation gradients (P < 0.05). Soil water content, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased along the elevation. Whereas the density and pH in soil demonstrated decreasing trend, soil C/N ratio increased earlier and decreased later. Soil enzyme activities fluctuate significantly among the three elevation gradients (P < 0.05). The activity of urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase and catalase in the soils increased, while soil polyphenol oxidase decreased. The activity of soil urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase decreased, while soil catalase increased along the soil profile. The variation in environmental factors such as microclimate, vegetation and soil along the elevation had significant effects on soil enzyme activity. The average annual air temperature, average annual precipitation, soil temperature, plant diversity, and soil physico-chemical properties displayed correlations with soil enzyme activity to different degrees. The importance in the effects of environmental factors on soil enzyme activity was ranked as total phosphorus > water content > pH > organic carbon conlant > annual average temperature > soil temperature > available nitrogen conlant > annual precipitation > total nitrogen conlant > total potassium conlant > Margalef index > soil density > available potassium conlant > available phosphorus conlant > Shannon-Wiener index > Pielou index > soil C/N ratio > Simpson index. Conclusion: The change of elevation mainly results in the gradient changes of hydrothermal conditions (i.e. average annual temperature, average annual precipitation, soil temperature, and water content), plant diversity (i.e. Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index) and soil chemical properties (i.e. pH, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, total nitrogen, total potassium, and total phosphorus) varied significantly along the elevation gradients. These changes in environmental factors had a significant effect on the activity of soil enzyme. Soil phosphorus, water, pH, carbon, nitrogen, and potassium were the key factors controlling the response of soil enzyme activity to the elevation gradients. Table and Figures丨 Reference丨 Related Articles丨 Metrics

Short-Term Effects of Selective Cutting for Tending on Leaf Litter Decomposition Rate and Nutrient Release in Pinus massoniana Forests     Xiaorong Wang,Lei Lei,Tian Fu,Lei Pan,Lixiong Zeng,Wenfa Xiao Scientia Silvae Sinicae   2020,56(4 ):12 -21. DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200402 Abstract  （250） HTML （7） PDF（pc） （2957KB）（310） Save Purpose: Understanding the rate of litter decomposition and the pattern of nutrient element release will help to detect the ecosystem function of nutrient cycling under different models of selective cutting and provide scientific basis for sustainable management for ecological public welfare forests. Methods: In the Three Gorges Reservoir area, one no-cutting treatment (retaining the forest state without any cutting) and three selective cutting treatments including shrubs cutting (removed the shrub and hard wood saplings except the regenerated Pinus massoniana saplings), non-P. massoniana cutting (removal of all DBH ≥ 4 cm trees except P. massoniana, with a selective cutting intensity of 15%) and dominant P. massoniana cutting (removal of P. massoniana trees with the DBH bigger than the mean level, with a selective cutting intensity of 70%) were conducted in P. massoniana dominated forests. Decomposition in-situ method was used to study litter decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of P. massoniana leaves under four treatments and detect the dominant factors affecting the litter decomposition. Results: The litter decomposition rate of P. massoniana was 0.304, 0.397, 0.311 and 0.315 g·g-1a-1 in no-cutting, shrubs cutting, non-P. massoniana cutting and dominant P. massoniana cutting stands respectively. Compared to the control of no-cutting, litter decomposition rate increased 30.59% under shrubs cutting, 2.30% under non-P. massoniana cutting and 3.62% dominant P. massoniana cutting treatment. During the decomposition of leaf litter, a similar trend of nutrients release was observed under four selective cutting models. C concentration decreased significantly in the first 6 months and then slightly fluctuated, N concentration decreased at the initial decomposition stage and then continuously increased, while P concentration was constant and stable. Interaction of selective cutting measures and decomposition time had significant effect on the release rate of C and N, while had no significant effect on P concentration. The decomposition rates were positively correlated to the initial N concentration and N/P of the fallen leaves but not related to soil temperature or soil humidity. Conclusion: In the short term, the decomposition rate of P. massoniana leaves was increased by all three selective cutting treatments compared to the no-cutting treatment. That means of selective cutting method can avoid nutrients to excessively accumulate in litter layer and promote them return into soil. In the future, selective cutting in slight or moderate degree will be a good way to build reasonable stand structure and facilitate nutrient cycling in coniferous plantation. Table and Figures丨 Reference丨 Related Articles丨 Metrics

Biomass Estimation Coefficient and Its Impacting Factors for Eucalyptus Plantation in China     Wankuan Zhu,Yuxing Xu,Zhichao Wang,Apeng Du Scientia Silvae Sinicae   2020,56(5 ):1 -11. DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200501 Abstract  （561） HTML （34） PDF（pc） （1533KB）（491） Save Objective: The relationship between the three biomass estimation coefficients and the stand structure, climatic factors, and topographic factors was analyzed, and the main influencing factors of biomass estimation coefficients were determined to provide a scientific basis for accurately estimating the biomass of Eucalyptus plantations at regional scale. Method: By collecting and collating historical data from published literature on biomass measurements of Eucalyptus plantations, we analyzed and explored the relationship between three common biomass estimation coefficients (biomass conversion and expansion factor BCEF, biomass expansion factor BEF, and root/shoot ratio R) and stand structure (stand age, mean DBH, mean tree height, stand density, and standing volume), climatic factors (annual average temperature and annual average precipitation), and topographic factor (elevation). Result: Means of BCEF, BEF, and R were 0.658 Mg·m-3 (n=119, SD=0.150), 1.251 (n=176, SD=0.167), and 0.190 (n=144, SD=0.102), respectively. The corresponding range values were 0.46-0.76 Mg·m-3, 1.05-1.35, and 0.04-0.36, respectively. BCEF value displayed a decrease followed by an increase with the increase of mean DBH. BCEF value gradually decreased with the increase of mean tree height (r2=0.366), stand density (r2=0.430), and standing volume (r2=0.405). BEF value decreased and became stable with the increase of stand age(r2=0.765), mean tree height(r2=0.734), and standing volume(r2=0.578), decreased first and then increased with the increase of mean DBH(r2=0.644). R value decreased gradually and then became stable with the increase of stand age(r2=0.665), mean tree height(r2=0.338), stand density(r2=0.275), and standing volume(r2=0.403).BCEF value showed a decrease first followed by an increase with the increases of temperature (r2=0.193) and precipitation (r2=0.200). Values of BEF and R did not show a significant functional relationship with changes in temperature and precipitation. Three biomass estimation coefficients showed a trend of increase with elevation, and the equation fitting accuracies were 0.455, 0.501, and 0.314. Conclusion: The goodness of fit between stand density and BCEF was relatively high, and so did the stand age and the BEF and R. Stand density and age were the main factors affecting the estimation coefficient of biomass. The influence of topographic factors on the three biomass estimation coefficients was next only to the stand density and the age. The climatic factor only had some effects on the BCEF. Therefore, the difference in biomass estimation coefficients caused by stand structure and topographic factors should be considered when estimating the biomass of Eucalyptus plantations at regional scale. Table and Figures丨 Reference丨 Related Articles丨 Metrics