柏木生长性状的家系-环境互作效应及其关键影响因子

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240413

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to reveal the genetic variation patterns of growth traits in open-pollinated families of Cupressus funebris (cypress), and assess the magnitude and mode of family and environment effects, and their interaction. Method: This study targeted the 8-year-old open-pollinated families of cypress established in three different environmental conditions in Kaihua (KH) forest station in Kaihua County, Shibawu (SBW) forest station in Chun’an County of Zhejiang Province, and Taizishan (TZS) forest station in Jingshan County of Hubei Province. The genetic variation patterns of growth traits were analyzed, and the parameters such as breeding values and heritability were estimated, and hereby to screen for families with rapid growth and strong stability, and to explore the impact of the main environmental factors at the experimental sites on the growth of cypress. Result: The genetic variation coefficients of growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height, individual tree volume, and crown width) of cypress families ranged from 11.64% to 21.20%, with the greatest variation in individual tree volume. There were significant differences in the growth traits among sites, and among families, and the volume per plant of TZS was 124.64% and 171.93% higher than that of KH and SBW, respectively. The variation ranges of family heritability of KH, SBW and TZS were 0.30–0.73, 0.22–0.51 and 0.75–0.87, respectively. The independent culling method was used to select 2, 1, and 3 superior families respectively in the KH, SBW and TZS sites, with the top 20% of breeding values for diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height as the criterion, and the genetic gains in individual tree volume ranged from 25.87% to 59.00%. The 7, 7, and 6 elite individual trees were selected from the KH, SBW, and TZS sites, respectively, based on a selection rate of 3% on phenotypic values for DBH and tree height, and the gains in individual tree volume ranged from 181.98% to 355.53%. Multivariate variance analysis and genetic parameters across multiple sites indicated that there was a significant family by environment (G×E) interaction effect on family growth traits. The variation range of B-type genetic correlation coefficients was from 0.05 to 0.71. Based on the BLUP-GGE biplot analysis of DBH and tree height, family 3, 7, and 12 were comprehensively selected as fast-growing and stable families, with an average individual tree volume gain of 27.74%. Key environmental factors such as sunlight duration, rainfall, soil exchangeable calcium content, soil organic matter content, soil available nitrogen, and soil acid-available phosphorus content at the experimental sites might be the critical factors affecting the growth of cypress. Conclusion: There is abundant variation in growth traits among cypress families, indicating that they are significant potential for genetic improvement. These traits are influenced by family genetics, environment, and G×E (genotype × environment) interaction. The comprehensive selection of fast-growing and stable families can provide a material basis for the promotion of cypress varieties across different locations.

Key words: Cupressus funebris, family, genetic variation, family × environment interactions, genetic selection

CLC Number:

S791.41

Haobo Zhao,Zhongping Feng,Chengzhong Zheng,Yongbin Qiu,Linhui An,Guoqing Jin,zhen Zhang. Family-Environment Interaction and Key Influencing Factors of Growth Traits of Cupressus funebris[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(6): 120-129.

Figures/Tables 9

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地点Site	Lat/N	Lon/E	Alt/m	主要气象因子Major meteorological factor						土壤理化性质Soil physical-chemical proprieties
地点Site	Lat/N	Lon/E	Alt/m	T_max/℃	T_min/℃	AOT/℃	GDD/℃	AOP/mm	SD/h	pH	OM/(g·kg^?1)	AN/(mg·kg^?1)	AP/(mg·kg^?1)	ExCa/(mg·kg^?1)
KH	29°01′	118°24′	180~300	38.3	-5.8	24.2	5 075	1 345.7	1 851	4.45	19.95	73.52	1.64	87.97
TZS	31°03′	113°11′	80~120	37.8	-3.2	23.7	4 985	551.2	2 238	6.15	29.27	112.40	2.83	180.18
SBW	29°29′	118°50′	150~250	37.9	-6.0	24.1	5 065	1 225.5	1 750	4.64	19.70	81.03	1.65	124.11

地点Site	性状Traits	均值Mean	标准差SD	CV_P(%)	CV_g(%)	CV_e(%)
KH	D/cm	5.32	1.50	28.21	6.14	26.68
	H/m	4.50	1.01	22.43	5.69	18.51
	CW/m	1.39	0.43	30.80	4.06	26.34
	V/m³	0.006 9	0.005 0	72.20	15.87	64.81
SBW	D/cm	4.77	1.48	31.06	4.60	25.68
	H/m	4.67	0.72	15.40	1.97	13.13
	CW/m	1.48	0.77	51.77	8.64	44.56
	V/m³	0.005 7	0.004 4	77.26	11.64	55.48
TZS	D/cm	7.61	1.95	25.61	7.95	23.65
	H/m	5.39	1.06	19.70	7.11	14.56
	CW/m	2.93	0.75	25.66	7.27	23.65
	V/m³	0.015 5	0.008 9	57.33	21.20	49.97
联合 Joint	D/cm	5.99	2.09	34.94	3.89	26.61
	H/m	4.88	1.03	21.06	3.64	16.97
	CW/m	1.99	0.99	49.67	1.45	31.86
	V/m³	0.009 7	0.007 9	81.78	10.54	65.20

地点 Site	变异来源 Source of variation	df	均方Mean square
地点 Site	变异来源 Source of variation	df	D	H	CW	V
KH	家系Family	19	3.95**	2.91**	0.32**	4.0×10^?5**
	区组Block	4	20.32**	19.10**	2.68**	3.0×10^?4**
	家系×区组Family×Block	76	1.84	1.07**	0.26**	2.0×10^?5
	误差Error	453	2.02	0.69	0.13	2.0×10^?5
SBW	家系Family	19	4.35**	1.30**	0.84**	2.0×10^?4**
	区组Block	4	35.49**	2.62**	14.55**	5.0×10^?4**
	家系×区组Family×Block	76	3.05**	0.97**	0.62**	2.0×10^?5**
	误差Error	442	1.5	0.38	0.43	1.0×10^?5
TZS	家系Family	19	11.33**	4.53**	1.47**	3.0×10^?4**
	区组Block	4	10.19**	26.37**	1.46*	2.0×10^?4**
	家系×区组Family×Block	76	4.23**	1.52**	0.65**	8.0×10^?5**
	误差Error	539	3.24	0.62	0.48	6.0×10^?5
联合Joint	地点Sites	2	1 181.92**	113.86**	453.96**	1.4×10^?3**
	家系Family	19	10.10**	4.91**	1.51**	2.0×10^?4**
	区组（地点）Block(Sites)	4	10.69**	30.18**	4.60**	4.0×10^?4**
	家系×地点Family×Sites	38	6.47**	2.42**	0.68**	1.0×10^?4**
	误差Error	1 594	2.54	0.69	0.40	4.0×10^?5

地点 Site	性状 Trait	方差分量Variance component				$ {{h}}_{{{\mathrm{s}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{h}}_{{{\mathrm{f}}}}^{{2}} $	r_gg
地点 Site	性状 Trait	$ {{\sigma}}_{{{\mathrm{F}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{\sigma}}_{{{\mathrm{FS}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{\sigma}}_{{{\mathrm{FB}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{\sigma}}_{{{\mathrm{E}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{h}}_{{{\mathrm{s}}}}^{{2}} $	$ {{h}}_{{{\mathrm{f}}}}^{{2}} $	r_gg
KH	D	0.107	—	0.033	2.015	0.20	0.69	0.83
	H	0.065	—	0.072	0.694	0.31	0.70	0.84
	CW	0.003	—	0.024	0.134	0.08	0.30	0.55
	V	1.0×10^?6	—	2.0×10^?7	2.0×10^?5	0.22	0.73	0.85
SBW	D	0.048	—	0.305	1.501	0.10	0.35	0.59
	H	0.009	—	0.118	0.376	0.07	0.22	0.46
	CW	0.016	—	0.036	0.435	0.13	0.51	0.71
	V	4.0×10^?7	—	3.0×10^?6	1.0×10^?5	0.10	0.34	0.58
TZS	D	0.366	—	0.164	3.240	0.39	0.79	0.89
	H	0.147	—	0.150	0.616	0.64	0.78	0.88
	CW	0.045	—	0.028	0.480	0.33	0.75	0.87
	V	1.0×10^?5	—	2.0×10^?6	6.0×10^?5	0.56	0.87	0.93
联合Joint	D	0.054	0.142	0.057	2.540	0.08	0.44	0.67
	H	0.032	0.058	0.060	0.686	0.15	0.53	0.73
	CW	0.001	0.025	0.017	0.402	0.01	0.06	0.25
	V	1.0×10^?6	4.0×10^?6	7.0×10^?7	4.0×10^?5	0.10	0.41	0.64

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Family-Environment Interaction and Key Influencing Factors of Growth Traits of Cupressus funebris

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