西南喀斯特地区2种森林的土壤优先流特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210979

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: To clarify the soil preferential flow characteristics in typical forests of pure forest and mixed forest in this special habitat in southwest karst area, so as to provide a theoretical basis for local forest vegetation restoration. Method: Two typical stand types (pure Platycladus orientalis forest and mixed Platycladus orientalis, Pinus massoniana, and Eucalyptus maideni forest) were selected and two simulated rainfall amounts were set. Through field staining tracing experiments, the soil was stained with bright blue dye solution to excavate the stained vertical and horizontal profiles of the soil. With the help of image processing technology, five characteristic parameters of preferential flow, such as dyeing area ratio, maximum infiltration depth, matrix flow depth, preferential flow ratio and length index, were extracted, and the distribution, quantity, and proportion of preferential path of the soil at different depths were also obtained. Result: Under the same simulated rainfall, the ratio of soil staining area and maximum infiltration depth of mixed forest were higher than that of pure forest. When the simulated rainfall increased from 25 mm to 60 mm, the ratio of dyed area of mixed forest changed from 12.36% to 16.44%, and the average maximum infiltration depth changed from 22.21 cm to 30.64 cm. The increase of dyeing area ratio and average maximum infiltration depth was similar. The dyeing area ratio of pure forest changed from 7.42% to 15.89%, and the average maximum infiltration depth changed from 12.50 cm to 17.59 cm. The increase of dyeing area ratio was significantly higher than the average maximum infiltration.The soil under the mixed forest is finger-shaped or branched with independent patches, while the pure forest is funnel-shaped, without independent patches.When the simulated rainfall was 25 mm, the matrix flow depth, preferential flow ratio and length index under the mixed forest were 1.65 cm, 76.70%, and 352.61% respectively, which were higher than those of pure P. orientalis forest by 1.31 cm, 74.33%, and 184.20%. When the simulated rainfall increased to 60 mm, the matrix flow depth, preferential flow ratio and length index under the mixed forest were 2.21 cm, 77.18%, and 497.02%, while those of the pure Platycladus orientalis forest were 4.29 cm, 53.83%, and 331.27%. The preferential paths of mixed forest and pure forest in karst area were mainly distributed above 15 cm soil layer, and most of them were less than 5 mm in radius. The preferential paths under mixed forest changed more with the depth of soil layer, and the proportion of priority paths with large impact radius (> 5 mm) (19.0%) was higher than that of pure forest (9.0%). Conclusion: There are certain preferential flows under pure Platycladus orientalis forest and mixed Platycladus orientalis, Pinus massoniana, and Eucalyptus maideni forest in karst area. Due to the influence of its special earth-rock structure, there are more preferential paths in forest soil. The development degree and spatial variability of preferential flow under mixed forest is higher than that of pure forest, which is directly related to the high proportion of preferential paths with large influence radius and strong variability of preferential paths.

Key words: preferential flow, karst areas, dye tracer experiment, pure forest, mixed forest

CLC Number:

S714.7

Ning Guan,Jinhua Cheng,Fang Hou,Hezhou Zeng,Ziya Shen,Mengyuan Zhao,Jianmiao Qin. Characteristics of Soil Preferential Flow of Two Typical Stands in Southwest Karst Area[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(12): 61-70.

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林分类型 Stand type	样地编号 Plot No.	土壤类型 Soil type	海拔 Altitude/m	坡度 Slope/（°）	林木密度 Stand density/(tree·hm^?2)	郁闭度 Canopy density
侧柏纯林 Pure Platycladus orientalis forest	P1	石灰岩红壤 Limestone red loam	1 345.97	6	1 200	0.60
侧柏纯林 Pure Platycladus orientalis forest	P2	石灰岩红壤 Limestone red loam	1 346.60	8	1 400	0.65
侧柏、马尾松、直杆蓝桉混交林 Mixed Platycladus orientalis, Pinus massoniana, and Eucalyptus maideni forest	M1	石灰岩红壤 Limestone red loam	1 036.13	5	1 400	0.45
	M2	石灰岩红壤 Limestone red loam	1 353.81	5	1 600	0.40

林分类型 Stand type	土层Soil layer/cm	土壤密度Soil density/(g·cm^?3)	总孔隙度Total porosity(%)	非毛管孔隙度Non capillary porosity(%)	初始含水量Initial moisture content/g
侧柏纯林 Pure Platycladus orientalis forest	0~5	1.12±0.01	50.23±0.91	7.32±1.24	25.20±2.49
	5~10	1.03±0.02	51.06±0.23	10.99±2.39	27.14±1.28
	10~15	1.16±0.01	46.77±0.50	4.57±0.54	34.49±0.08
	15~20	1.16±0.07	45.58±3.82	3.47±0.54	36.35±1.80
	20~25	1.18±0.03	44.89±1.26	1.96±0.53	38.41±1.28
侧柏、马尾松、直杆蓝桉混交林 Mixed Platycladus orientalis, Pinus massoniana, and Eucalyptus maideni forest	0~5	1.10±0.03	43.52±0.62	3.48±0.50	22.61±0.43
	5~10	1.10±0.05	48.91±3.39	8.74±1.24	25.93±1.68
	10~15	1.13±0.10	42.57±1.00	7.95±0.93	23.96±6.24
	15~20	1.07±0.10	43.15±2.59	5.02±1.78	27.77±2.71
	20~25	1.01±0.14	50.90±5.53	7.68±2.69	32.55±3.77

林分类型 Stand type	样地编号 Plot No.	基质流深度 Matrix flow depth/cm	优先流比Preferential flow ratio（%）	长度指数 Length index（%）
侧柏纯林 Pure Platycladus orientalis forest	P1	1.31±1.26Aa	74.33±23.04Aa	184.20±77.83Aa
侧柏纯林 Pure Platycladus orientalis forest	P2	4.29±2.52Ab	53.83±12.58Ab	331.27±131.63Ab
侧柏、马尾松、直杆蓝桉混交林 Mixed Platycladus orientalis, Pinus massoniana, and Eucalyptus maideni forest	M1	1.65±1.16Aa	76.70±16.77Aa	352.61±60.28Ba
	M2	2.21±1.54Ba	77.18±16.45Ba	497.02±131.49Bb

林分类型 Stand type	土层Soil layer/cm	影响半径 Influence radius (R)/mm								总量Total
		1≤R<2.5		2.5≤R<5		5≤R<10		R≥10
		数量 Number	比例Proportion(%)	数量 Number	比例Proportion(%)	数量 Number	比例Proportion(%)	数量 Number	比例Proportion(%)
侧柏纯林 Pure Platycladus orientalis forest	5~10	1 587	36.19	1 952	44.52	598	13.63	248	5.66	4385
	10~15	1 806	33.12	2 509	46.00	791	14.50	348	6.38	5454
	15~20	935	30.75	1 425	46.86	472	15.52	209	6.87	3041
侧柏、马尾松、直杆蓝桉混交林 Mixed Platycladus orientalis, Pinus massoniana, and Eucalyptus maideni forest	5~10	2 376	34.29	2 850	41.14	1 115	16.10	587	8.47	6928
	10~15	1 128	27.17	1 978	47.66	676	16.30	368	8.87	4150
	15~20	498	27.00	801	43.47	362	19.62	183	9.91	1 844

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Characteristics of Soil Preferential Flow of Two Typical Stands in Southwest Karst Area

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