Scientia Silvae Sinicae ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 90-101.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220531
• Research papers • Previous Articles Next Articles
Bo Wang1(),Xueqing Yang2,Chunying Jiang2,Dong Liu3,Feng Chen1,Ye Bai1,Xiaodong Liu1,*
Received:
2022-08-02
Online:
2023-08-25
Published:
2023-10-16
Contact:
Xiaodong Liu
E-mail:2293777945@qq.com
CLC Number:
Bo Wang,Xueqing Yang,Chunying Jiang,Dong Liu,Feng Chen,Ye Bai,Xiaodong Liu. Forest Fire Spread Risk in Yanqing District of Beijing Based on GIS[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(8): 90-101.
Table 1
The assessment index of forest fire occurrence hazard"
一级指标 First level index | 二级指标 Secondary index | 计算方式 Calculation |
野外火源管理难度 Difficulty in wildfire sources management | 祭祀用火重点人群密度 Sacrificial fire key population density | 林区及林缘100 m范围内祭祀用火重点人群(60岁至79岁)数量与评估区域的林地面积之比,单位为person·hm?2。Ratio of the number of key groups (aged 60 to 79) for sacrificial fire to the forest area of the evaluation area within 100 meters of forest area and forest edge, in person·hm?2. |
农事用火风险区域面积 Area of agricultural fire risk area | 林区及林缘100 m范围内耕地面积与评估区域的林地面积之比,量纲为一。The ratio of cultivated land area within 100 meters of forest area and forest edge to woodland area of evaluation area, without dimensionality. | |
路旁烟头风险区域长度 Length of roadside cigarette butts risk area | 林区及林缘100 m范围内交通建设用地小班的长度与评估区域林地面积之比,单位为km·hm?2。The ratio of the length of traffic construction land subclass within 100 meters of forest area and forest edge to the area of forest land in the evaluation region, in km·hm?2. | |
着火难易程度 Ease degree of ignition | 防火期月最小相对湿度Minimum monthly relative humidity during fire prevention period | 防火期期间,月每日最小相对湿度的最小值,单位为%。The minimum daily relative humidity of a month during the fire prevention period, in %. |
防火期月平均风速 Monthly mean wind speed during fire prevention period | 防火期期间,月每日平均风速的平均值,单位为m·s?1。Average monthly average daily wind speed during the fire prevention period, in m·s?1. | |
细小可燃物载量 Fine fuel load | 单位面积1h时滞可燃物(直径<0.64 cm)、枯死杂草和上层枯叶载量,单位为t·hm?2。1 hour delay fuel (diameter<0.64 cm), dead weeds and upper layer dead leaf load in unit area, in t·hm?2. |
Table 2
The assessment index of forest fire spread hazard"
一级指标 First level index | 二级指标Secondary index | 计算方式 Calculation |
森林可燃物 Forest fuel | 地表可燃物载量Surface fuel load | 单位面积地表可燃物(灌木、草本、枯落物)载量,单位为t·hm?2。Amount of surface fuel (shrub, herb, litter) per unit area, in t·hm?2. |
灌草植被总覆盖度Total coverage of shrub and grass vegetation | 林地灌草层的总覆盖度,单位为%。Total coverage of shrub and grass layer in woodland, in %. | |
森林燃烧性Forest flammability | 森林被引燃着火的难易程度以及着火后所表现出的燃烧状态(火种类)和燃烧速度、火强度等的综合,也可以衡量森林燃烧释放能量的大小,量纲为一。It is also possible to measure the size of energy released by forest combustion, dimensionless, by the combination of the difficulty of forest ignition and the combustion state (fire type) and the combustion speed and fire intensity after ignition. | |
气象因子 Meteorological factor | 防火期月大风日数Monthly gale days during fire prevention period | 防火期期间,月平均出现瞬时风力5级或以上的天气日数,单位为days。During the fire prevention period, the monthly average number of weather days with instantaneous wind force 5 or above is expressed in days. |
防火期月降水量Monthly precipitation during fire prevention period | 防火期期间,总降雨量的月平均值,单位为mm。The monthly average of total rainfall during the fire prevention period, in mm. | |
防火期月平均最高气温Monthly mean maximum temperature during fire prevention period | 防火期期间,日最高气温的平均值,单位为℃。Average daily maximum temperature during the fire prevention period, in ℃. | |
地形因子 Topographical factor | 海拔Elevation | 高出海平面的垂直距离,单位为m。The vertical distance above sea level, in m. |
坡度Slope | 坡面的垂直高度和水平宽度的比值,单位为%。The ratio of vertical height to horizontal width of a slope, in %. | |
坡向Aspect | 坡面的朝向,量纲为一。Orientation of slope, dimensionless. | |
坡位Slope position | 坡面所处的地貌部位,量纲为一。The landform on which a slope is located, dimensionless. | |
火行为 Fire behavior | 地表火蔓延速度Surface fire spread speed | 地表火的火线在单位时间内向前移动的距离,单位是m·min?1。The distance that the surface fire line moves forward per unit time, in m·min?1. |
火线强度Fire intensity | 火头前沿单位长度上热量释放速度,单位是kW·m?1。Heat release rate per unit length of fire head front, in kW·m?1. | |
火焰高度Flame height | 垂直于地面连续的火焰高度,单位是m。Continuous flame height perpendicular to the ground, in m. |
Table 4
Forest fire occurrence hazard assessment index weight"
一级指标 First level index | 一级指标 综合权重Comprehensive weight of first level index | 二级指标 Secondary index | 二级指标层次分析权重Chromatography analysis weight of secondary index | 二级指标熵权重Entropy weight of secondary index | 二级指标综合权重Comprehensive weight of secondary index | 指标类型 Index type | 计算尺度 Computing scale |
野外火源管理难度Difficulty in wildfire sources management | 0.7713 | 祭祀用火重点人群密度Sacrificial fire key population density | 0.2415 | 0.3093 | 0.2754 | 正向Positive | 村屯Village |
农事用火风险区域面积Area of agricultural fire risk area | 0.2402 | 0.2839 | 0.2621 | 正向Positive | 村屯Village | ||
路旁烟头风险区域长度Length of roadside cigarette butts risk area | 0.2365 | 0.2311 | 0.2338 | 正向Positive | 村屯Village | ||
着火难易程度Ease degree of ignition | 0.2287 | 防火期月最小相对湿度Minimum monthly relative humidity during fire prevention period | 0.1081 | 0.0380 | 0.0730 | 负向Negative | 小班Subcompartment |
防火期月平均风速Monthly mean wind speed during fire prevention period | 0.0474 | 0.0914 | 0.0694 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment | ||
细小可燃物载量Fine fuel load | 0.1263 | 0.0463 | 0.0863 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment |
Table 5
Forest fire spread hazard assessment index weight"
一级指标First level index | 一级指标 综合权重Comprehensive weight of first level index | 二级指标Secondary index | 二级指标层次分析权重Chromatography analysis weight of secondary index | 二级指标熵权重Entropy weight of secondary index | 二级指标综合权重Comprehensive weight of secondary index | 指标类型 Index type | 计算尺度Computing scale |
森林可燃物Forest fuel | 0.1982 | 地表可燃物载量Surface fuel load | 0.0812 | 0.0314 | 0.0563 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment |
灌草植被总覆盖度Total coverage of shrub and grass vegetation | 0.1132 | 0.0845 | 0.0989 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment | ||
森林燃烧性Forest flammability | 0.0735 | 0.0125 | 0.0430 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment | ||
气象因子Meteorological factor | 0.1414 | 防火期月大风日数Monthly gale days during fire prevention period | 0.1153 | 0.0205 | 0.0679 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment |
防火期月降水量Monthly precipitation during fire prevention period | 0.0524 | 0.0228 | 0.0376 | 负向Negative | 小班Subcompartment | ||
防火期月平均最高气温Monthly mean maximum temperature during fire prevention period | 0.0501 | 0.0216 | 0.0359 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment | ||
地形因子Topographical factor | 0.2572 | 海拔Elevation | 0.0126 | 0.0017 | 0.0071 | 负向Negative | 小班Subcompartment |
坡度Slope | 0.1249 | 0.1895 | 0.1572 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment | ||
坡向Aspect | 0.0508 | 0.0411 | 0.0460 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment | ||
坡位Slope position | 0.0522 | 0.0417 | 0.0469 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment | ||
火行为 Fire behavior | 0.4032 | 地表火蔓延速度Surface fire spread speed | 0.1265 | 0.1964 | 0.1614 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment |
火线强度Fire intensity | 0.0781 | 0.2019 | 0.1400 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment | ||
火焰高度Flame height | 0.0692 | 0.1344 | 0.1018 | 正向Positive | 小班Subcompartment |
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