中度火灾一年后马尾松林土壤碳库特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220903

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The soil physicochemical properties, dynamic characteristics and changing trends of soil labile organic carbon (LOC) before and after forest fires in the secondary forests of Pinus massoniana were analyzed, and the impact of moderate forest fire intensity on the stability of the soil carbon pools was quantitatively evaluated, which can provide a reference for quantitative research on the effects of moderate forest fire intensity on soil carbon balance and carbon cycle. Method: The secondary forests of P. massoniana in mature forests, middle-aged forests and young forests were selected, and the soil samples from 0-60 cm layers in the burned area and adjacent unburned forests were collected. The soil physicochemical properties, fine root biomass and the soil LOC component content were measured and analyzed, and the soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) was calculated to explore the soil carbon pool change characteristics. The path analysis was used to explore the direct and indirect effects of soil CPMI. Result: Compared with the control plots, the soil bulk density increased by 3.80%-4.85%, soil pH increased by 4.21%-5.78%, and total soil phosphorus increased by 7.97%-12.44% in the 0-60 cm soil layers of each forest age after the forest fire. The soil moisture content decreased by 3.41%-3.97%, soil total nitrogen decreased by 15.09%-17.45%, and soil organic carbon decreased by 10.07%-14.31%. The soil labile organic carbon (LOC) in the young-aged, middle-aged and mature forests decreased by 22.70%, 19.48% and 17.48%, respectively. The soil CPMI of the secondary forest of P. massoniana with different forest ages was different in response to forest fire. The soil CPMI of young forest, middle-aged forest and mature forest was 26.15, 30.57 and 32.09, respectively, showing a increasing trend with the increase of forest age. Soil CPMI of P. massoniana secondary forest had a very significant correlation with each component of soil LOC (P < 0.01), and also had a very significant correlation with soil physicochemical properties and soil fine root biomass (P < 0.01). Path analysis showed that soil TN had the greatest direct effect on soil CPMI, with a path coefficient of 1.786, followed by soil TP and soil fine root biomass, with the path coefficients of -1.021 and 0.981, respectively. Conclusion: Moderate forest fire intensity has an important impact on the stability of soil organic carbon pool in the secondary forest of P. massoniana. The difference in soil nutrients released by mineralization of soil active organic matter among the three forest ages after forest fire is the key to the stability of soil carbon pool in the secondary forest of P. massoniana. The stability of soil organic carbon pool increases with the increase of stand age and soil depth. Therefore, when formulating the ecological restoration strategy in the burned area, the protection of mature forest land should be strengthened, and the artificial tending of young and middle-aged forest land should be strengthened to promote the natural regeneration and restoration of the secondary forest of P. massoniana after the fire.

Key words: forest fires, secondary forest of Pinus massoniana, different forest ages, soil organic carbon pools, carbon pool management index

CLC Number:

S718.5

Sisheng Luo,Bizhen Luo,Shujing Wei,Haiqing Hu,Xiaochuan Li,Zhenshi Wang,Yufei Zhou,Zhao Song,Yingxia Zhong. Characteristics of Soil Carbon Pool in Pinus massoniana Forest One Year after Moderate Forest Fires[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(9): 25-35.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

The characteristics of soil physicochemical properties in the burned plots of the P. massoniana secondary forest"

土层 Soil layer/cm	土壤密度 Soil bulk density/(g·cm^-3)			土壤含水率 Soil moisture(%)			土壤pH Soil pH			土壤TN含量 Soil TN content/(g·kg^-1)			土壤TP含量 Soil TP content/(g·kg^-1)			土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content/(g·kg^-1)
土层 Soil layer/cm	幼龄林 Young-aged forest	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	成熟林 Mature-aged forest	幼龄林 Young-aged forest	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	成熟林 Mature-aged forest	幼龄林 Young-aged forest	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	成熟林 Mature-aged forest	幼龄林 Young-aged forest	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	成熟林 Mature-aged forest	幼龄林 Young-aged forest	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	成熟林 Mature-aged forest	幼龄林 Young-aged forest	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	成熟林 Mature-aged forest
0~10	1.33±0.09 (+14.66%)	1.29±0.07 (+14.16%)	1.23±0.08 (+12.84%)	19.96±0.76 (-8.27%)	23.04±0.65 (-6.57%)	24.65±0.85 (-8.47%)	4.45±0.12 (+10.70%)	4.29±0.12 (+10.28%)	4.23±0.14 (+10.73%)	0.43±0.02 (-21.67%)	0.56±0.03 (-17.62%)	0.64±0.04 (-15.24%)	0.20±0.01 (+20.27%)	0.24±0.01 (+25.14%)	0.27±0.01 (+13.41%)	5.91±0.25 (-27.37%)	8.06±0.32 (-22.74%)	11.17±0.37 (-22.45%)
10~20	1.42±0.06 (+2.90%)	1.41±0.08 (+4.44%)	1.27±0.08 (+2.42%)	19.01±0.86 (-4.85%)	21.16±0.83 (-2.35%)	22.88±0.61 (-5.80%)	4.82±0.14 (+8.31%)	4.69±0.12 (+7.82%)	4.54±0.15 (+6.57%)	0.29±0.02 (-20.83%)	0.37±0.02 (-28.98%)	0.46±0.03 (-16.52%)	0.18±0.01 (+20.00%)	0.21±0.01 (+17.46%)	0.25±0.01 (+9.32%)	4.42±0.17 (-20.12%)	6.28±0.27 (-16.58%)	7.77±0.31 (-15.95%)
20~30	1.46±0.07 (+2.82%)	1.44±0.06 (+2.86%)	1.32±0.07 (+1.54%)	18.49±0.74 (-1.18%)	20.04±0.80 (-0.74%)	20.87±0.66 (-1.51%)	4.91±0.15 (+0.61%)	4.73±0.20 (+3.50%)	4.67±0.17 (+4.47%)	0.28±0.01 (-16.83%)	0.31±0.01 (-10.76%)	0.41±0.02 (-18.69%)	0.15±0.01 (+10.38%)	0.17±0.01 (+3.99%)	0.24±0.01 (+6.28%)	4.05±0.17 (-17.49%)	4.08±0.17 (-16.75%)	6.64±0.24 (-5.00%)
30~40	1.48±0.08 (+1.37%)	1.45±0.07 (+1.40%)	1.37±0.05 (+1.48%)	17.51±0.59 (-1.02%)	18.75±0.87 (-1.37%)	19.79±0.51 (-1.05%)	4.94±0.17 (+0.61%)	4.81±0.16 (+3.89%)	4.74±0.14 (+3.49%)	0.27±0.01 (-8.57%)	0.28±0.02 (-10.93%)	0.38±0.02 (-19.55%)	0.15±0.01 (+6.66%)	0.17±0.01 (+3.50%)	0.24±0.01 (+4.38%)	3.57±0.24 (-3.47%)	3.79±0.18 (-1.58%)	5.67±0.20 (-5.22%)
40~60	1.50±0.06 (+0.67%)	1.47±0.09 (+1.38%)	1.39±0.08 (+0.72%)	16.56±0.65 (-4.55%)	17.44±0.69 (-6.03%)	19.29±0.59 (-0.26%)	4.99±0.13 (+0.81%)	4.84±0.15 (+3.42%)	4.78±0.16 (+3.24%)	0.26±0.02 (-8.96%)	0.28±0.01 (-7.18%)	0.35±0.02 (-17.26%)	0.15±0.01 (+4.88%)	0.17±0.01 (+8.41%)	0.22±0.01 (+6.03%)	3.40±0.16 (-3.09%)	3.62±0.20 (-2.54%)	4.61±0.25 (-1.75%)

Table 3

Fig.1

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

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龄组 Age group	样地类型 Plot type	平均年龄 Average age/a	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	林分密度 Tree density/(plant·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density	平均胸径 Average DBH/cm	平均树高 Average tree height/m	坡度 Slope/(°)	坡位 Slope position	坡向 Aspect	海拔 Altitude/m
幼龄林 Young-aged forest	过火样地 Plot after fire	8	22°46′01″N	112°50′56″E	1 632	0.85	8.25	6.75	15~25	中 Middle	阳坡 Sunny	52
幼龄林 Young-aged forest	对照样地 CK	8	22°45′58″N	112°50′57″E	1 647	0.85	8.34	6.27	10~25	中 Middle	阳坡 Sunny	48
中龄林 Middle-aged forest	过火样地 Plot after fire	17	22°45′52″N	112°50′53″E	1 047	0.75	10.85	9.14	20~30	中 Middle	阳坡 Sunny	59
中龄林 Middle-aged forest	对照样地 CK	17	22°45′48″N	112°50′53″E	1 107	0.75	10.71	9.35	15~25	中 Middle	阳坡 Sunny	75
成熟林 Mature-aged forest	过火样地 Plot after fire	31	22°45′44″N	112°50′55″E	796	0.70	17.43	15.62	20~30	中 Middle	阳坡 Sunny	65
成熟林 Mature-aged forest	对照样地 CK	31	22°45′41″N	112°50′56″E	817	0.70	17.24	15.24	20~35	中 Middle	阳坡 Sunny	64

林龄 Forest aged		土层Soil layer/cm
林龄 Forest aged		0~10	10~20	20~30	30~40	40~60
幼龄林 Young-aged forest	对照样地 CK	3.10±0.20	2.25±0.12	1.48±0.09	0.79±0.06	0.21±0.01
幼龄林 Young-aged forest	过火样地 Plot after fire	2.30±0.16	1.83±0.10	1.30±0.09	0.76±0.04	0.19±0.01
中龄林 Middle-aged forest	对照样地 CK	4.51±0.31	3.12±0.20	2.18±0.13	1.02±0.08	0.32±0.02
中龄林 Middle-aged forest	过火样地 Plot after fire	3.22±0.21	2.45±0.18	1.86±0.12	0.98±0.07	0.30±0.02
成熟林 Mature-aged forest	对照样地 CK	5.13±0.29	3.24±0.16	2.53±0.15	1.18±0.08	0.34±0.02
成熟林 Mature-aged forest	过火样地 Plot after fire	3.14±0.18	2.38±0.16	2.06±0.10	1.05±0.07	0.29±0.02

处理 Treatment	幼龄林Young-aged forest				中龄林Middle-aged forest				成熟林Mature-aged forest
处理 Treatment	CPL	CPLI	CPI	CPMI	CPL	CPLI	CPI	CPMI	CPL	CPLI	CPI	CPMI
过火样地 Plot after fire	0.44±0.15	0.86±0.11	0.30±0.08	26.15±9.53	0.52±0.20	0.90±0.11	0.33±0.08	30.57±10.63	0.54±0.28	0.95±0.05	0.33±0.10	32.09±10.87
对照样地 CK	0.50±0.13	1.00	1.00	100.00	0.57±0.18	1.00	1.00	100.00	0.56±0.26	1.00	1.00	100.00

处理 Treatment	指标 Index	土层Soil layer/cm
处理 Treatment	指标 Index	0~10	10~20	20~30	30~40	40~60
幼龄林对照样地 Young-aged forest CK	CPL	0.59±0.10a	0.57±0.10a	0.53±0.09a	0.51±0.10a	0.30±0.05b
	CPLI	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	CPI	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	CPMI	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
幼龄林过火样地 Young-aged forest plot after fire	CPL	0.59±0.13a	0.55±0.10ab	0.42±0.07b	0.39±0.09bc	0.23±0.04c
	CPLI	1.00±0.04a	0.98±0.01a	0.79±0.01b	0.77±0.02b	0.76±0.04b
	CPI	0.37±0.05a	0.35±0.04ab	0.29±0.04bc	0.28±0.04c	0.19±0.03d
	CPMI	37.24±6.37a	34.62±4.14a	23.01±3.00b	21.52±3.89bc	14.36±2.52c
中龄林对照样地 Middle-aged forest CK	CPL	0.77±0.16a	0.59±0.10a	0.58±0.11a	0.57±0.15a	0.33±0.06b
	CPLI	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	CPI	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	CPMI	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
中龄林过火样地 Middle-aged forest plot after fire	CPL	0.79±0.16a	0.58±0.12ab	0.51±0.12b	0.47±0.11bc	0.27±0.06c
	CPLI	1.03±0.02a	0.98±0.03a	0.87±0.04b	0.82±0.02bc	0.80±0.04c
	CPI	0.44±0.05a	0.37±0.05ab	0.34±0.05b	0.32±0.05b	0.21±0.04c
	CPMI	45.07±4.47a	35.73±5.70b	29.42±5.85bc	25.91±3.76c	16.73±3.62d
成熟林对照样地 Mature-aged forest CK	CPL	0.99±0.28a	0.50±0.09b	0.49±0.10b	0.47±0.10b	0.34±0.06b
	CPLI	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	CPI	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	CPMI	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
成熟林过火样地 Mature-aged forest after fire	CPL	1.00±0.29a	0.49±0.11b	0.47±0.09b	0.43±0.09b	0.30±0.07b
	CPLI	1.01±0.01a	0.97±0.03ab	0.96±0.02b	0.93±0.03b	0.88±0.03c
	CPI	0.49±0.07a	0.33±0.05b	0.32±0.04bc	0.30±0.04bc	0.23±0.04c
	CPMI	49.76±7.69a	31.73±5.55b	30.53±3.15b	27.99±3.08bc	20.45±4.10c

指标 Index	非活性有机碳 NLOC	土壤微生物生物量碳 MBC	土壤可溶性有机碳 DOC	土壤易氧化碳 EOC	土壤颗粒有机碳 POC
碳库管理指数 CPMI	0.486^**	0.825^**	0.645^**	0.884^**	0.766^**

Characteristics of Soil Carbon Pool in Pinus massoniana Forest One Year after Moderate Forest Fires

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指标 Index	土壤有机碳 SOC	土壤全氮 TN	土壤全磷 TP	土壤密度 Soil bulk density	土壤含水率 Soil moisture	pH	碳氮比 C/N	碳磷比 C/P	氮磷比 N/P	土壤细根生物量 Fine root biomass
碳库管理指数CPMI	0.752^**	0.835^**	0.576^**	-0.392^**	0.884^**	-0.560^**	0.287	0.803^**	0.764^**	0.910^**

变量 Variable	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
变量 Variable	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	有机碳 SOC	全氮 TN	全磷 TP	密度 Soil bulk density	含水率 Soil moisture	pH	碳磷比 C/P	氮磷比 N/P	细根生物量 Fine root biomass
土壤有机碳SOC	0.679	0.000	1.68	-0.905	-0.423	-0.113	0.065	-0.636	-0.385	0.791
土壤全氮TN	1.786	0.639	0.000	-0.847	-0.351	-0.117	0.059	-0.604	-0.517	0.787
土壤全磷TP	-1.021	0.602	1.482	0.000	-0.439	-0.101	0.059	-0.452	-0.167	0.613
土壤密度 Soil bulk density	0.526	-0.547	-1.192	0.852	0.000	0.072	-0.072	0.452	0.088	-0.571
土壤含水率 Soil moisture	-0.128	0.603	1.644	-0.808	-0.299	0.000	0.05	-0.575	-0.463	0.859
土壤pH Soil pH	-0.078	-0.566	-1.365	0.773	0.487	0.082	0.000	0.527	0.271	-0.692
土壤碳磷比C/P	-0.685	0.63	1.576	-0.674	-0.347	-0.107	0.06	0.000	-0.501	0.851
土壤氮磷比N/P	-0.705	0.371	1.31	-0.242	-0.065	-0.084	0.03	-0.487	0.000	0.636
土壤细根生物量 Soil fine root biomass	0.981	0.547	1.434	-0.638	-0.306	-0.112	0.055	-0.594	-0.457	0.000

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