中国三北防护林工程第二阶段生态效益综合评价

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221104

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Since the implementation of the second phase (2001-2020) Shelter Forest Program in the Three North Region, huge ecological benefits have been achieved, but there are still problems in some areas, and even ecological degradation has occurred. Focusing on the structure, quality and service of the ecosystem, comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the changes in the ecosystem, and clarify the impacts of the implementation of the fourth and fifth periods of the program on the restoration of the ecosystem, intend to provide a scientific and pertinent theoretical basis for the rolling implementation of the program. Method: This paper is based on the comprehensive evaluation method of "historical dynamic background-restoration status-restoration index" to construct the ecosystem macro-structure change index (EMSCI), ecosystem quality change index (EQCI), ecosystem service function change index (ESCI), and ecosystem restoration index (ERI) for a comprehensive evaluation of the spatial and temporal changes in structure, quality and key service functions of the ecosystem in the Three-North Program region. The spatial overlay analysis function was used to clarify the process of ecosystem changes and quantitatively evaluate the extent of ecosystem restoration. Result: 1) In the second phase of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, ecosystem type has changed significantly with an overall dynamic degree of 12.22% and the forest coverage continued to increase with an area accounting for 10.18%. Moreover, the forest coverage increase in the fourth period (16 000 km²) was greater than that in the fifth period (6 900 km²). 2) The quality of the ecosystem has been significantly improved. The vegetation coverage and vegetation net primary productivity have increased by 0.038 and 82.33 gC·m^-2a^-1, with a growth rate of 24.50% and 34.96%, respectively. Moreover, 20.15% of the area continues to improve. 3) Compared to historical background, the service function of the ecosystem has been improved significantly. Water conservation per unit area, the amount of carbon sequestered per unit area, the amount of soil conservation per unit area and the amount of windbreak and sand fixation per unit area has been increased by 12 500 m³·km^-2, 134.19 gC·m^-2a^-1, 6.76 t·hm^-2a^-1 and 9.81 t·hm^-2a^-1, respectively, with a respective growth rate of 45.89%, 34.96%, 74.29% and 24.96%.The degree of soil water erosion, and wind and sand erosion damage is reduced, with the water erosion modulus increased 23.88% (the average annual precipitation increased in recent years compared to the previous period, resulting in an increase in the amount of erosion and the amount of retention), and the wind erosion modulus decreased by 25.58 t · hm^-2a^-1, leading to the reduction of damages by wind erosion by 46.49%. Finally, there are 15.83% area ecosystem service functions continued to improve. 4) The restoration of the ecosystem is very significant, with 21.95% and 20.29% area has continued to improve and remain stable. Conclusion: Through the implementation of successive periods of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, significant improvements have been achieved, the ecosystem have recovered well and entered a sustained, stable and healthy development trend in farmlands in the Northeast and North China Plains, the Inner Mongolia Plateau and the Loess Plateau with improved forest coverage, increased average vegetation coverage, increased average net primary vegetation productivity, and ecosystem service functions such as water holding capacity per unit area, carbon sequestration by vegetation, soil conservation capacity and wind-breaking and sand-fixation capacity have been significantly improved. However, the northwest desert area is still relatively fragile, and the ecosystem status has not been effectively improved. In Tianshan Mountains, Zhungeer Basin, Qaidam Basin, the agricultural and pastoral areas in southern Xinjiang basin, Bashang Plateau, the desert and semi-desert grassland areas in western Inner Mongolia where the ecosystem is fragile, the increase of forest area is slowing down, the area of grassland is decreasing and the desert area is still increasing. Therefore, the prevention and control of grassland desertification is still the focus of future program implementation.

Key words: Three-North Shelter Forest Program, ecological benefits, ecosystem, monitoring and assessment

CLC Number:

S757.3

Ping Ji,Quanqin Shao,Min Wang,Hua Liu,Xiaohui Wang,Chengxing Ling,Ruixia Hou. Monitoring and Assessment of Ecological Benefits of the Shelter Forest Program in the Three-North Region during 2001—2020[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(11): 31-48.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

The classification of ecosystem quality and service function change pattern spectrum"

序号 Number	变化模式类型 Change modetype	变化模式类型说明 Change modetype description
1	持续转好 Keep improving	第四期变化：较明显转好、明显转好、显著转好；第五期变化：较明显转好、明显转好、显著转好 The change in four period: slightly better, obviously better, significantly better; the change in five period: slightly better, obviously better, significantly better
2	先转好后转差 Improving，worsening	第四期变化：较明显转好、明显转好、显著转好；第五期变化：显著转差、明显转差、较明显转差 The change in four period: slightly better, obviously better, significantly better; the change in five period: significantly worse, obviously worse, slightly worse
3	先转好后稳定 Improving，stabilize	第四期变化：较明显转好、明显转好、显著转好；第五期变化：微弱转差、基本不变、微弱转好 The change in four period: slightly better, obviously better, significantly better; the change in five period: roughly worse, no change, roughly better
4	先转差后转好 Worsening，improving	第四期变化：显著转差、明显转差、较明显转差；第五期变化：较明显转好、明显转好、显著转好 The change in four period: significantly worse, obviously worse, slightly worse; the change in five period: slightly better, obviously better, significantly better
5	持续转差 Keep worsening	第四期变化：显著转差、明显转差、较明显转差；第五期变化：显著转差、明显转差、较明显转差 The change in four period: significantly worse, obviously worse, slightly worse; the change in five period: significantly worse, obviously worse, slightly worse
6	先转差后稳定 Worsening，stabilize	第四期变化：显著转差、明显转差、较明显转差；第五期变化：微弱转差、基本不变、微弱转好 The change in four period: significantly worse, obviously worse, slightly worse; the change in five period: roughly worse, no change, roughly better
7	先稳定后转好 Stabilize，improving	第四期变化：微弱转差、基本不变、微弱转好；第五期变化：较明显转好、明显转好、显著转好 The change in four period: roughly worse, no change, roughly better; the change in five period: slightly better, obviously better, significantly better
8	先稳定后转差 Stabilize，worsening	第四期变化：微弱转差、基本不变、微弱转好；第五期变化：显著转差、明显转差、较明显转差 The change in four period: roughly worse, no change, roughly better; the change in five period: significantly worse, obviously worse, slightly worse
9	保持稳定 Keep stabilize	第四期变化：微弱转差、基本不变、微弱转好；第五期变化：微弱转差、基本不变、微弱转好 The change in four period: roughly worse, no change, roughly better; the change in five period: roughly worse, no change, roughly better

Table 3

Fig.1

Table 4

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 5

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 6

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

References 0

	曹世雄, 刘冠楚, 马华. 我国三北地区植被变化的动因分析. 生态学报, 2017, 37 (15): 5023- 5030.
	Cao S X , Liu G C , Ma H . Dynamic analysis of vegetation change in North China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37 (15): 5023- 5030.
	车涛, 戴礼云. 2015. 中国雪深长时间序列数据集(1979—2020). 北京: 国家青藏高原科学数据中心.
	Che T, Dai L Y. 2015. Long-term series of daily snow depth dataset in China (1979—2020). Beijing: National Tibetan Plateau Data Center. [in Chinese]
	陈赛赛, 孙艳玲, 杨艳丽, 等. 三北防护林工程区植被景观格局变化分析. 干旱区资源与环境, 2015, 29 (12): 85- 90.
	Chen S S , Sun Y L , Yang Y L , et al. Analysis on the vegetation landscape pattern changes in the Three-North Shelter Belt Program. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2015, 29 (12): 85- 90.
	陈婉. 《三北防护林体系建设40年综合评价报告》发布三大效益有机结合生态效应显著. 环境经济, 2019, (1): 34- 37.
	Chen W . The "Three Norths Shelterbelt System Construction 40 Years Comprehensive Evaluation Report" is released. The three major benefits are organically combined, and the ecological effect is significant. Environmental Economy, 2019, (1): 34- 37.
	戴永久, 上官微. 2019. 中国土壤有机质数据集. 北京: 国家青藏高原科学数据中心.
	Dai Y J, Shang G W. 2019. Dataset of soil properties for land surface modeling over China. 2019. Beijing: National Tibetan Plateau Data Center. [in Chinese]
	段洪浪, 吴建平, 刘文飞, 等. 干旱胁迫下树木的碳水过程以及干旱死亡机理. 林业科学, 2015, 51 (11): 113- 120.
	Duan H L , Wu J P , Liu W F , et al. Water relations and carbon dynamics under drought stress and the mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51 (11): 113- 120.
	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. 2019. 基于世界土壤数据库(HWSD)的中国土壤数据集(v1. 1)(2009). 北京: 国家青藏高原科学数据中心.
	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. 2019. China soil map based harmonized world soil database (HWSD) (v1. 1) (2009). Beijing: National Tibetan Plateau Data Center. [in Chinese]
	龚诗涵, 肖洋, 郑华, 等. 中国生态系统水源涵养空间特征及其影响因素. 生态学报, 2017, 37 (7): 2455- 2462.
	Gong S H , Xiao Y , Zheng H , et al. Spatial patterns of ecosystem water conservation in China and its impact factors analysis. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37 (7): 2455- 2462.
	顾羊羊, 黄贤峰, 邹长新, 等. 沅江源自然保护区生境质量变化遥感监测. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35 (6): 764- 772.
	Gu Y Y , Huang X F , Zou C X , et al. Monitoring habitat quality changes in Yuanjiangyuan Nature Reserve based on landsat images. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35 (6): 764- 772.
	黄麟, 曹巍, 巩国丽, 等. 2000—2010年中国三北地区生态系统时空变化特征. 生态学报, 2016, 36 (1): 107- 117.
	Huang L , Cao W , Gong G L , et al. Spatial and temporal variations in ecosystems in the three northern regions of China, 2000—2010. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36 (1): 107- 117.
	黄麟, 祝萍, 肖桐, 等. 近35年三北防护林体系建设工程的防风固沙效应. 地理科学, 2018, 38 (4): 600- 609.
	Huang L , Zhu P , Xiao T , et al. The sand fixation effects of three-north shelter forest program in recent 35 years. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38 (4): 600- 609.
	黄森旺, 李晓松, 吴炳方, 等. 近25年三北防护林工程区土地退化及驱动力分析. 地理学报, 2012, 67 (5): 589- 598.
	Huang S W , Li X S , Wu B F , et al. The distribution and drivers of land degradation in the three-North shelter forest region of China during 1982-2006. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67 (5): 589- 598.
	姜凤岐, 于占源, 曾德慧, 等. 气候变化对三北防护林的影响与应对策略. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28 (9): 1702- 1705.
	Jiang F Q , Yu Z Y , Zeng D H , et al. Effects of climate change on the Three-North Shelter Forest Program and corresponding strategies. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28 (9): 1702- 1705.
	孟佩, 刘学敏. 内蒙古乌兰察布市国家重点生态工程区植被指数变化特征. 林业资源管理, 2018, (4): 17- 21.
	Meng P , Liu X M . Variation characteristics of NDVI in the national key ecological engineering areas in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia. Forest Resources Management, 2018, (4): 17- 21.
	聂斌斌, 蔡强国, 綦俊谕, 等. 水土保持生态自然修复适宜性研究综述. 中国水土保持科学, 2010, 8 (4): 114- 120.
	Nie B B , Cai Q G , Qi J Y , et al. Analysis on the suitability of natural ecological restoration for soil and water conservation. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 8 (4): 114- 120.
	牛丽楠, 邵全琴, 宁佳, 等. 西部地区生态状况变化及生态系统服务权衡与协同. 地理学报, 2022, 77 (1): 182- 195.
	Niu L N , Shao Q Q , Ning J , et al. Ecological changes and the tradeoff and synergy of ecosystem services in Western China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77 (1): 182- 195.
	潘迎珍. 三北防护林体系建设五期工程若干重大问题研究. 宁夏: 宁夏阳光出版社, 2013.
	Pan Y Z . Research on several important issues of the five-phase Project of Three-North Shelterbelt. NingXia: Ningxia Sunshine Pressing, 2013.
	邵全琴, 樊江文, 刘纪远, 等. 基于目标的三江源生态保护和建设一期工程生态成效评估及政策建议. 中国科学院院刊, 2017b, 32 (1): 35- 44.
	Shao Q Q , Fan J W , Liu J Y , et al. Target-based assessment on effects of first-stage ecological conservation and restoration project in three-river source region, China and policy recommendations. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017b, 32 (1): 35- 44.
	邵全琴, 樊江文, 刘纪远, 等. 重大生态工程生态效益监测与评估研究. 地球科学进展, 2017a, 32 (11): 1174- 1182.
	Shao Q Q , Fan J W , Liu J Y , et al. Approaches for monitoring and assessment of ecological benefits of national key ecological projects. Advances in Earth Science, 2017a, 32 (11): 1174- 1182.
	申丽娜, 孙艳玲, 杨艳丽, 等. 基于NDVI的三北防护林工程区植被覆盖度变化图谱特征. 环境科学与技术, 2017, 40 (4): 70- 77. 70-77, 106
	Shen L N , Sun Y L , Yang Y L , et al. Spectrum characteristic of vegetation coverage change based on NDVI in the three-north shelter forest program. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 40 (4): 70- 77. 70-77, 106
	索志林, 金丽欢. 拜泉县生态工程实施效果分析. 东北农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2019, 17 (1): 31- 37.
	Suo Z L , Jin L H . Analysis on the implementation effect of ecological engineering in Baiquan County. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (Social Science Edition), 2019, 17 (1): 31- 37.
	王效科, 杨宁, 吴凡, 等. 生态效益评价内容和评价指标筛选. 生态学报, 2019, 39 (15): 5442- 5449.
	Wang X K , Yang N , Wu F , et al. Ecological benefit evaluation contents and indicator selection. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39 (15): 5442- 5449.
	王晓学, 沈会涛, 李叙勇, 等. 森林水源涵养功能的多尺度内涵、过程及计量方法. 生态学报, 2013, 33 (4): 1019- 1030.
	Wang X X , Shen H T , Li X Y , et al. Concepts, processes and quantification methods of the forest water conservation at the multiple scales. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33 (4): 1019- 1030.
	吴丹, 巩国丽, 邵全琴, 等. 京津风沙源治理工程生态效应评估. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30 (11): 117- 123.
	Wu D , Gong G L , Shao Q Q , et al. Ecological effects assessment of Beijing and Tianjin sandstorm source control project. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2016, 30 (11): 117- 123.
	吴云, 曾源, 吴炳方, 等. 基于MODIS数据的三北防护林工程区植被覆盖度提取与分析. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28 (9): 1712- 1718.
	Wu Y , Zeng Y , Wu B F , et al. Retrieval and analysis of vegetation cover in the Three-North Regions of China based on MODIS data. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28 (9): 1712- 1718.
	谢舒笛, 莫兴国, 胡实, 等. 三北防护林工程区植被绿度对温度和降水的响应. 地理研究, 2020, 39 (1): 152- 165.
	Xie S D , Mo X G , Hu S , et al. Responses of vegetation greenness to temperature and precipitation in the Three-North Shelter Forest Program. Geographical Research, 2020, 39 (1): 152- 165.
	谢云, 章文波, 刘宝元. 用日雨量和雨强计算降雨侵蚀力. 水土保持通报, 2001, 21 (6): 53- 56.
	Xie Y , Zhang W B , Liu B Y . Rainfall erosivity estimation using daily rainfall amount and intensity. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2001, 21 (6): 53- 56.
	张海燕, 樊江文, 邵全琴, 等. 2000—2010年中国退牧还草工程区生态系统宏观结构和质量及其动态变化. 草业学报, 2016, 25 (4): 1- 15.
	Zhang H Y , Fan J W , Shao Q Q , et al. Ecosystem dynamics in the'returning rangeland to grassland'programs, China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25 (4): 1- 15.
	张毅茜, 冯晓明, 王晓峰, 等. 重点脆弱生态区生态恢复的综合效益评估. 生态学报, 2019, 39 (20): 7367- 7381.
	Zhang Y Q , Feng X M , Wang X F , et al. Comprehensive benefit evaluation of ecological restoration in key fragile ecological areas in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39 (20): 7367- 7381.
	张泽秀, 刘利民, 贾燕, 等. 三北地区防护林气候生态适应性分析. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28 (9): 1696- 1701.
	Zhang Z X , Liu L M , Jia Y , et al. Climatic ecological adaptation of shelter forests in Three-North Regions. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28 (9): 1696- 1701.
	赵东升, 郭彩赟, 郭义强, 等. 气候变化对"山水林田湖草"重大生态工程的影响. 生态学报, 2019, 39 (23): 8780- 8788.
	Zhao D S , Guo C B , Guo Y Q , et al. Effects of climate change on major ecological projects of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39 (23): 8780- 8788.
	赵同谦, 欧阳志云, 郑华, 等. 中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价. 自然资源学报, 2004, 19 (4): 480- 491.
	Zhao T Q , Ouyang Z Y , Zheng H , et al. Forest ecosystem services and their valuation in China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2004, 19 (4): 480- 491.
	周杨明, 于秀波, 于贵瑞. 生态系统评估的国际案例及其经验. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23 (11): 1209- 1217.
	Zhou Y M , Yu X B , Yu G R . A case study of the international ecosystem assessment. Advances in Earth Science, 2008, 23 (11): 1209- 1217.
	朱教君, 郑晓. 关于三北防护林体系建设的思考与展望: 基于40年建设综合评估结果. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38 (5): 1600- 1610.
	Zhu J J , Zheng X . The prospects of development of the Three-North Afforestation Program(TNAP): on the basis of the results of the 40-year construction general assessment of the TNAP. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2019, 38 (5): 1600- 1610.
	卓静, 何慧娟, 邹继业. 近15 a秦岭林区水源涵养量变化特征. 干旱区研究, 2017, 34 (3): 604- 612.
	Zhuo J , He H J , Zou J Y . Spatiotemporal variation of water conservation capacity in the Qinling Mountain in recent 15 years. Arid Zone Research, 2017, 34 (3): 604- 612.
	Cao S X , Zhang J Z . Political risks arising from the impacts of large-scale afforestation on water resources of the Tibetan Plateau. Gondwana Research, 2015, 28 (2): 898- 903.
	Cao X , Chen J , Chen L J , et al. Preliminary analysis of spatiotemporal pattern of global land surface water. Science China Earth Sciences, 2014, 57 (10): 2330- 2339.
	Chen J , Chen L J , Chen F , et al. Collaborative validation of GlobeLand30: methodology and practices. Geo-Spatial Information Science, 2021, 24 (1): 134- 144.
	Chen J , Chen J , Liao A P , et al. Global land cover mapping at 30 m resolution: a POK-based operational approach. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2015, 103, 7- 27.
	Deng C L , Zhang B Q , Cheng L Y , et al. Vegetation dynamics and their effects on surface water-energy balance over the Three-North Region of China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2019, 275, 79- 90.
	Duan H C , Yan C Z , Tsunekawa A , et al. Assessing vegetation dynamics in the Three-North Shelter Forest region of China using AVHRR NDVI data. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011, 64 (4): 1011- 1020.
	Fryrear D W , Krammes C A , Williamson D L , et al. Computing the wind erodible fraction of soils. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1994, 49 (2): 183- 188.
	He B , Chen A F , Wang H L , et al. Dynamic response of satellite-derived vegetation growth to climate change in the three north shelter forest region in China. Remote Sensing, 2015, 7 (8): 9998- 10016.
	Hu Y G , Li H , Wu D , et al. LAI-indicated vegetation dynamic in ecologically fragile region: a case study in the Three-North Shelter Forest program region of China. Ecological Indicators, 2021, 120, 106932.
	Jackson R B , Banner J L , Jobbágy E G , et al. Ecosystem carbon loss with woody plant invasion of grasslands. Nature, 2002, 418 (6898): 623- 626.
	Jia K , Liang S L , Liu J Y , et al. Forest cover changes in the Three-North Shelter Forest region of China during 1990 to 2005. Journal of Environmental Informatics, 2015, 26 (2): 112- 120.
	Li H , Xu F , Li Z C , et al. Forest changes by precipitation zones in Northern China after the three-north shelterbelt forest program in China. Remote Sensing, 2021, 13 (4): 543.
	Qiu B W , Chen G , Tang Z H , et al. Assessing the Three-North Shelter Forest Program in China by a novel framework for characterizing vegetation changes. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2017, 133, 75- 88.
	Qu J J , Cao S X , Li G S , et al. Conservation of natural and cultural heritage in Dunhuang, China. Gondwana Research, 2014, 26 (3/4): 1216- 1221.
	Shi X L , Nie S P , Ju W , et al. Climate effects of the GlobeLand30 land cover dataset on the Beijing Climate Center climate model simulations. Science China Earth Sciences, 2016b, 59 (9): 1754- 1764.
	Shi X , Nie S , Ju W , et al. Application and impacts of the GlobeLand30 land cover dataset on the Beijing Climate Center Climate Model. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2016a, 34, 012032.
	Song L N , Zhu J J , Zhang J X , et al. Effect of drought and topographic position on depth of soil water extraction of Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica litv. trees in a semiarid sandy region, northeast China. Forests, 2019, 10 (5): 370.
	Tolgyesi C , Torok P , Habenczyus A A , et al. Underground deserts below fertility Islands? - Woody species desiccate lower soil layers in sandy drylands. Ecography, 2020, 43 (41): 848- 859.
	Wang L J , Ma S , Zhao Y G , et al. Ecological restoration projects did not increase the value of all ecosystem services in Northeast China. Forest Ecology and Management, 2021, 495, 119340.
	Xiao Y , Xie G D , Lu C X , et al. Suggestions for revegetation over the next 30 years based on precipitation in he Three North region of China. Sustainability, 2021, 13 (22): 12649.
	Zhang Y , Peng C H , Li W Z , et al. Multiple afforestation programs accelerate the greenness in the 'Three North' region of China from 1982 to 2013. Ecological Indicators, 2016, 61, 404- 412.

评价指标 Classification	显著转差 Significantly worse	明显转差 Obviously worse	较明显转差 Slightly worse	微弱转差 Roughly worse	基本不变 No change	微弱转好 Roughly better	较明显转好 Slightly better	明显转好 Obviously better	显著转好 Significantly better
变化率 Change percent(%)	< -15	-15~-10	-10~-5	-5~-1	-1~1	1~5	5~10	10~15	≥15
归一化值 Normalized value	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9

评价指标 Classification	显著转差 Significantly worse	明显转差 Obviously worse	较明显转差 Slightly worse	微弱转差 Roughly worse	基本不变 No change	微弱转好 Roughly better	较明显转好 Slightly better	明显转好 Obviously better	显著转好 Significantly better
变化率 Change percent(%)	< -15	-15~-10	-10~-5	-5~-1	-1~1	1~5	5~10	10~15	≥15
归一化值 Normalized value	-4	-3	-2	-1	0	1	2	3	4

项目 Item		第四期初 Beginning of fourth period(2001年Year)
项目 Item		森林 Forestland	草地 Grassland	农田 Farmland	湿地与水体 Wetland and water	荒漠 Desert	城镇 Settlement	其他 Others	合计 Total
第五期末 End of fifth period (2020年Year)	森林 Forestland	31.66	9.43	4.56	0.19	0.65	0.14	0.03	46.65
	草地 Grassland	7.63	103.18	10.84	1.01	12.04	0.36	0.51	135.58
	农田 Farmland	3.97	13.91	59.76	0.84	1.99	2.54	0.00	83.02
	湿地与水体 Wetland and water	0.27	1.38	0.84	3.90	0.96	0.07	0.00	7.41
	荒漠 Desert	0.51	20.10	0.73	0.42	149.18	0.04	1.42	172.41
	城镇 Settlement	0.29	1.30	5.07	0.12	0.31	1.80	0.00	8.87
	其他 Others	0.04	0.64	0.00	0.00	0.94	0.00	2.71	4.32
	合计 Total	44.36	149.94	81.81	6.48	166.06	4.95	4.67

生态系统质量参数 Ecosystem quality type	评估时段 Assessment period			第四期 Fourth period		第五期 Fifth period		第二阶段 Second stage
生态系统质量参数 Ecosystem quality type	第四期初 Beginning of fourth period	第四期末 End of fourth period	第五期末 End of fifth period	变化量 Change amount	变化率 Change rate(%)	变化量 Change amount	变化率 Change rate(%)	变化量 Change amount	变化率 Change rate(%)
平均植被覆盖度 Average vegetation coverage(%)	15.42	16.93	19.19	1.51	9.84	2.26	13.35	3.77	24.50
平均植被净初级生产力 Mean vegetation net primary productivity/(gC·m^-2a^-1)	235.49	300.88	317.82	65.39	27.77	16.94	5.63	82.33	34.96

生态系统服务功能参数 Ecosystem service function type	评估时段 Assessment period			第四期 Fourth period		第五期 Fifth period		第二阶段 Second stage
生态系统服务功能参数 Ecosystem service function type	第四期初 Beginning of fourth period	第四期末 End of fourth period	第五期末 End of fifth period	变化量 Change amount	变化率 Change rate(%)	变化量 Change amount	变化率 Change rate(%)	变化量 Change amount	变化率 Change rate(%)
单位面积水源涵养量 Water conservation per unit area/(10⁴ m³ · km^-2 a^-1)	2.72	3.53	3.97	0.81	29.78	0.44	12.46	1.25	45.96
单位面积固碳量 Carbon sequestration per unit area/(gC · m^-2 a^-1)	383.85	490.43	518.04	106.58	27.77	27.61	5.63	134.19	34.96
单位面积土壤水蚀模数 Water erosion modulus per unit area/(t · hm^-2 a^-1)	10.77	12.16	13.34	1.39	12.91	1.18	9.72	2.57	23.88
单位面积土壤保持量 Soil conservation per unit area/(t · hm^-2 a^-1)	9.10	10.05	15.86	0.95	10.44	5.81	57.81	6.76	74.29
单位面积土壤风蚀模数 Wind erosion modulus per unit area/(t · hm^-2a^-1)	55.03	36.94	29.45	-18.09	-32.87	-7.49	-20.29	-25.58	-46.49
单位面积防风固沙量 Sand fixation per unit area/(t · hm^-2a^-1)	39.31	29.52	49.12	-9.79	-24.90	19.60	66.40	9.81	24.96

Monitoring and Assessment of Ecological Benefits of the Shelter Forest Program in the Three-North Region during 2001—2020

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 15

References 0

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Jiandong Qi,Xinxin Tan. Net Carbon Exchange of the Forest of Korean Pine and Broad Leaved Forest Trees in Changbai Mountain and Its Simulation Based on Temporal Convolutional Network [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(2): 1-12.
[2]	Zhikang Hou,Songwei Zeng,Lufeng Mo,Yufeng Zhou. CO₂ Concentration in Phyllostachys praecox Stand Inversion Based on GA-BP Neural Network [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(2): 42-48.
[3]	Yi Li,Xiuxiu Feng,Fazhu Zhao,Yaoxin Guo,Jun Wang,Chengjie Ren. Structure Characteristics of Soil Microbial Community in Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata Forests at Different Altitudes in Qinling Mountains [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(12): 22-31.
[4]	Haiqing Hu,Bizhen Luo,Sisheng Luo,Shujing Wei,Zhenshi Wang,Xiaochuan Li,Fei Liu. Research Progress on Effects of Forest Fire Disturbance on Carbon Pool of Forest Ecosystem [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(4): 160-169.
[5]	Jincui Wu,Jun Zhou,Yu Zhang,Xiaoyan Yu,Lei Shi,Lianghua Qi. Carbon Sequestration Value and Its Change of Phyllostachys edulis Forest: A Case Study of Fujian Province [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(4): 181-187.
[6]	Wanze Zhu. Advances in the Carbon Sequestration of Mature Forests [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(3): 117-126.
[7]	Xinwei Feng,Zhiqiang Zhang,Hang Xu,Jiang Lü,Haiquan Zhang,Xiangxue Meng. Time-Lag Responses of Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange to Environmental Factors in a Populus×euramericana Plantation [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(2): 12-23.
[8]	Yadong Xue,Diqiang Li,Jia Li. Habitat Selection and Migration Pattern of Wild Bactrian Camel (Camelus ferus) in the Kumtag Desert, China Based on Satellite Tracking and Positioning Technology [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(10): 192-198.
[9]	Wang Liqun, Zhang Zhiqiang, Li Ge, Ma Fengwei, Chen Lixin. A Preliminary Analysis about the Structure, Change and Ecological Benefits of Village Human Habitat Forests in Beijing Fringe Area: A Case Study in Niulanshan-Mapo Town [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(8): 142-152.
[10]	Cheng Ruimei, Wang Na, Xiao Wenfa, Shen Yafei, Liu Zebin. Advances in Studies of Ecological Stoichiometry of Terrestrial Ecosystems [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(7): 130-136.
[11]	Chen Wei, Yang Fei, Wang Juanle, Cheng Shulan. Integrated Quantitative Evaluation of Resilience of Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Disturbed by Freezing Ice and Snow Frozen Disaster: Take Daoxian County for Example [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(6): 1-8.
[12]	Jiang Wenhu, Zhang Dejian, Liu Junxia, Li Chaoli, Lu Zhanyuan, Yang Minsheng. Comparative Analysis of Arthropod Communities in Transgenic Bt and Non-Transgenic Poplar-Cotton Composite Systems [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(10): 73-79.
[13]	Zheng Jing, She Weiwei, Bai Yuxuan, Zhang Yuqing, Qin Shugao, Wu Bin. Effects of Nitrogen and Water Addition on Leaf Traits of Dominant Plant Species in Artemisia Ordosica Community of the Mu Us Desert [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(10): 164-171.
[14]	Ma Li, Mu Changcheng, Wang Biao, Zhang Yan, Li Na. Effects of Wetland Drainage for Forestation on Carbon Source or Sink of Temperate Marshes Wetlands in Xiaoxing'an Mountains of China [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(10): 1-12.
[15]	Zhang Min, Zhou Peng, Ji Yonghua. Analysis on the Soil Fungal Community Structure in Melia azedarach- Triticum aestivum Agroforestry Ecosystem [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(10): 26-34.