深圳梧桐山不同树势毛棉杜鹃根际土壤微生物多样性分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211119

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the degradation of tree potential of Rhododendron moulmainense and the physical and chemical properties as well as the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil in Wutong Mountain of Shenzhen by analyzing the physical and chemical properties and microbial community diversity of the rhizosphere soil. Method: The water content, pH value, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and mineral nitrogen of rhizosphere soil of R. moulmainense trees with different tree potential in Wutong Mountain were analyzed. Additionally, the DNA of rhizosphere soil was extracted, and was used to investigate microbial diversity and community structure using high-throughput sequencing technology. Result: The result showed that there was no significant difference in physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil among the three tree potentials. A total of 681 807 effective bacterial sequences were detected in rhizosphere soil of three tree rhizosphere, with an average of 79 898 effective bacterial sequences per sample, of which 2 008 OTUs were obtained, belonging to 438 species and 27 phyla. The dominant bacteria were Acideobacteria (36.3%-47.2%), Proteobacteria (31.2%-32.0%), and Chloroflexi (3.0%-7.7%). A total of 710 302 effective fungal reads were detected, with an average of 79 862 effective reads per sample, which concluded 1 129 OUT clusters, belonging to 489 species and 10 phyla. The dominant fungi were Basidiomycota (49.3%-59.3%), Ascomycota (32.0%-40.8%), Mortierellomycota (1.7%-4.6%). The result of alpha diversity analysis showed that there was no significant pattern in the richness and diversity of rhizosphere soil fungal community among different tree potentials, but the richness and diversity of bacterial community gradually increase with the decline of tree potential, and the greater the difference of tree potential, the more significant the difference of community richness index (Ace, Chao1, PD_whole_tree) (P < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis showed that there was no correlation between bacteria and tree growth. However, fungi were correlated with tree growth. LEfSe analysis showed that there were significant differences in fungal taxa between dominant Rhododendron rhizosphere soil (AR) and inferior Rhododendron rhizosphere soil (DR). The differential microorganisms were mainly Archaeorhizormyces, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Helotiales, Arthrobotrys, Pseudaleuria, and Pyronemataceae. The Helotiales belongs to the root fungus of the azalea plant. Conclusion: There is no difference in soil physicochemical properties among R. moulmainense trees with different growth potentials, indicating that the variation of soil physicochemical properties may not be big enough to affect R. moulmainense, growth potential. The differences in the structure of soil microbial communities are correlated with R. moulmainense, growth potential.

Key words: Rhododendron moulmainense, rhizosphere soil, high-throughput sequencing, microbial diversity

CLC Number:

S714.3

Jinyu Gong,Jingen Peng,Lijuan Xie,Yinfeng Zhang,Chaochan Li,Yanmei Wang. Microbial Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Rhododendron moulmainense with Different Tree Potential in Wutong Mountain of Shenzhen[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(11): 190-200.

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样品 Samples	树龄 Tree age/a	地径 Ground diameter/cm	3年生枝长 Length of 3-year-old shoots/cm	叶面积 Leaf area/mm²	叶长 Leaf length/mm	叶宽 Leaf width/mm	长宽比 Length-width ratio
优势树根际土 Advantaged trees, rhizosphere soil(AR)	36	25.9	18.23±1.48a	39.88±1.13a	98.27a	44.13a	2.23
中庸树根际土 Moderated trees, rhizosphere soil(MR)	36	26.4	15.7±0.94ab	25.63±0.66b	81.80b	34.67b	2.36
劣势树根际土 Disadvantaged trees, rhizosphere soil(DR)	36	17.4	12.61±0.83b	24.20±1.05b	65.93c	33.53b	1.97

土壤理化指标 Soil physicochemical properties	土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	pH	有机质 Organic carbon/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen/(mg·kg^-1)
AR	17.81±0.05	4.28±0.03	17.90±1.33	1.95±0.40	113.40±9.55
MR	13.95±0.70	5.25±0.45	12.22±1.98	1.96±0.21	107.33±4.32
DR	14.79±1.82	5.09±0.11	11.53±2.81	1.73±0.09	90.30±7.95
显著性Significance	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
F	3.231	4.793	2.699	0.264	2.486

微生物 Microbial	样品 Samples	原始数据 Raw reads	高质量数据 Clean reads	有效序列 Effective reads	平均长度 Mean length	GC含量 GC ratio(%)	有效序列占比 Proportion of effective reads(%)
真菌 Fungi	AR	79 879	79 250	79 080	264	48.36	99.00
		79 790	79 103	78 932	260	47.47	98.92
		79 879	79 234	79 146	253	48.48	99.08
	MR	80 043	79 327	78 968	253	50.86	98.66
		79 798	78 788	78 631	267	48.87	98.54
		79 788	79 150	78 965	287	47.06	98.97
	DR	79 654	79 032	78 844	264	47.65	98.98
		79 889	79 187	78 945	260	48.40	98.82
		80 040	79 352	78 791	267	46.74	98.44
	平均Mean	79 862	79 158	78 922	264	48.21	98.82
	总计Total	718 760	712 423	710 302	2 375	—	—
细菌 Bacteria	AR	80 011	79 448	73 712	413	56.93	92.13
		79 665	79 160	77 756	413	56.80	97.60
		79 894	79 403	72 503	412	56.67	90.75
	MR	80 010	79 499	74 121	413	56.95	92.64
		80 003	79 324	75 440	421	57.32	94.30
		79 999	79 485	77 791	417	56.49	97.24
	DR	79 657	79 120	78 225	414	56.62	98.20
		79 958	79 448	78 021	419	56.83	97.58
		79 891	79 268	74 238	415	56.88	92.92
	平均Mean	79 898	79 350	75 756	415	56.83	94.81
	总计Total	719 088	714 155	681 807	3 737	—	—

微生物 Microbial	样品 Samples	Ace	Chao1	Simpson	Shannon	PD_whole_tree	Coverage
真菌 Fungi	AR	456.69±15.12b	510.04a	0.88±0.02	4.61±0.02a	75.92b	1.00
	MR	554.97±23.29a	600.17a	0.92±0.03	5.51±0.48a	89.41a	1.00
	DR	480.73±10.07b	506.18a	0.92±0.01	5.26±0.31a	78.54b	1.00
细菌 Bacteria	AR	1 443.51±58.97b	1 472.28b	0.99±0.00	8.11±0.11a	71.49b	1.00
	MR	1 640.09±114.87ab	1 661.52ab	0.99±0.00	8.81±0.50a	81.96ab	1.00
	DR	1 804.75±50.28a	1 826.68a	1.00±0.00	9.17±0.22a	90.41a	1.00

微生物 Microbial	样本 Samples	OTUs	门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
真菌 Fungi	AR	389	10	34	70	145	259	341
	MR	501	10	34	76	159	306	410
	DR	412	10	33	74	159	293	373
	总计Total	1 129	10	34	82	180	359	489
细菌 Bacteria	AR	1 315	27	71	155	248	389	405
	MR	1 551	27	74	164	261	409	429
	DR	1 739	27	74	164	261	414	437
	总计Total	2 008	27	74	164	261	415	438

Microbial Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Rhododendron moulmainense with Different Tree Potential in Wutong Mountain of Shenzhen

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分类水平 Classification level	细菌Bacteria			分类水平 Classification level	真菌Fungi
分类水平 Classification level	AR	MR	DR	分类水平 Classification level	AR	MR	DR
Solibacterales	14.55	12.21	10.93	蜡壳耳目Sebacinales	51.57	27.21	47.18
酸杆菌目Acidobacteriales	15.73	7.43	7.85	散囊菌目Eurotiales	15.67	20.04	11.91
根瘤菌目Rhizobiales	11.43	9.07	8.23	蘑菇目Agaricales	1.25	15.63	2.82
Subgroup_2	12.44	8.04	6.83	肉座菌目Hypocreales	2.56	6.03	3.45
uncultured_bacterium_c_Subgroup_6	2.88	9.17	6.93	被孢霉菌目Mortierellales	1.74	4.60	2.49
Betaproteobacteriales	2.32	6.34	5.38	粪壳菌目Sordariales	1.02	1.95	4.70
Gammaproteobacteria_Incertae_Sedis	3.71	2.50	1.79	盘菌目Pezizales	0.04	1.38	4.73
Elsterales	3.21	1.85	2.20	柔膜菌目Helotiales	2.98	2.11	0.67
黏球菌目Myxococcales	1.69	2.20	2.41	糙孢孔目Trechisporales	2.27	2.61	0.26
SBR1031	0.73	1.96	2.96	古根菌目Archaeorhizomycetales	3.45	0.68	0.43

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