中纤板VOCs释放对室内空气品质影响评估

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200714

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: By evaluating the effects of VOCs released from MDF on indoor air quality(IAQ), the maximum loading capacity of MDF when it was used alone indoors was estimated. Method: Unfinished MDF, PVC facing MDF and melamine finishing MDF were selected as research objectives, the 1 m³ climate chamber was used to simulate indoor environment and GC-MS were used to analyze VOCs concentration changes of MDF during one cycle. The main pollutants released by MDF were determined through establishing single factor index model, and the improved Shen model was used to make a comprehensive evaluation of possible pollution caused by MDF to the indoor environment. Result: The results showed that when the indoor environment was under the test conditions of this climate chamber, the main pollutants released by unfinished MDF were esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins. The main pollutants released by PVC facing MDF and melamine finishing MDF were both aromatic hydrocarbons and esters. After the release of VOCs reached an equilibrium state, when melamine finishing MDF was used alone indoors, the indoor air quality was grade Ⅰ, being suitable for living. In the initial stage of release, when unfinished MDF or PVC facing MDF were used alone indoors, the indoor air quality were grade Ⅴ and grade Ⅳ, which were seriously polluted. After the release of VOCs became stable, the indoor air quality was all grade Ⅱ, which met the living conditions. Under the premise of ensuring that the indoor air is not polluted, the maximum loading capacity of control MDF, PVC facing MDF and melamine finishing MDF were 1.5, 1.8 and 3.2 m²·m^-3, respectively. Conclusion: The evaluation of the impact of volatile organic compounds released from MDF used on indoor air quality was quite satisfactory. After the release of volatile organic compounds achieved a steady state, the indoor air quality where the MDF was used alone, achieved a pollution-free standard. Under the premise of guaranteeing that the indoor air is not polluted, the maximum loading capacity of control MDF, PVC facing MDF and melamine finishing MDF were 1.5, 1.8 and 3.2 m²·m^-3, respectively.

Key words: MDF, VOCs, indoor air quality (IAQ), major pollutants, comprehensive evaluation

CLC Number:

TS653

Liqun Jiang,Zheng Zhao,Jun Shen,Juan Meng,Huajun Dong. Evaluation of Effects of VOCs Released by MDF on Indoor Air Quality[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(7): 135-141.

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参数Parameter	条件Condition
色谱柱Column	DB-5(3 m×0.26 mm×0.25 μm)
载气Carrier gas	氦气Helium(99.99%)
温度程序Temperature program	40 ℃(2 min)→50 ℃(4 min)→150 ℃(4 min)→250 ℃(8 min)
离子源Source of ion	电子离子Electron ion
离子源温度Ion source temperature	230 ℃
扫描模式Scanning mode	全扫描Full scan

时间Time/d	烷烃类 Alkanes	芳香烃类 Aromatic hydrocarbon	醛酮类 Aldehyde ketone	酯类 Esters	烯烃类 Olefins	其他 Other	总挥发性有机化合物 TVOC
1	25.13	97.33	10.39	52.84	47.57	49.34	282.60
3	14.92	101.02	5.55	26.11	30.82	39.33	217.75
7	2.97	74.44	5.26	17.76	16.16	43.96	160.55
14	2.77	61.21	6.01	18.30	13.38	25.61	127.28
21	4.39	43.45	4.00	14.05	11.34	14.63	91.86
28	2.54	40.81	5.10	14.21	11.02	13.60	87.28

时间Time/d	烷烃类 Alkanes	芳香烃类 Aromatic hydrocarbon	醛酮类 Aldehyde ketone	酯类 Esters	烯烃类 Olefins	其他 Other	总挥发性有机化合物 TVOC
1	7.10	75.60	13.49	50.60	16.46	52.25	215.50
3	7.40	53.63	9.14	43.82	17.76	36.45	168.20
7	3.40	62.50	6.44	23.32	14.82	22.62	133.10
14	4.05	54.24	5.15	21.88	15.01	22.60	122.93
21	2.23	35.97	7.81	12.89	9.84	17.85	86.59
28	2.89	32.95	4.64	12.31	10.00	14.14	76.93

时间Time/d	烷烃类 Alkanes	芳香烃类 Aromatic hydrocarbon	醛酮类 Aldehyde ketone	酯类 Esters	烯烃类 Olefins	其他 Other	总挥发性有机化合物 TVOC
1	4.03	54.50	9.39	23.71	16.01	24.12	115.75
3	2.43	43.63	6.80	25.33	15.38	25.45	103.64
7	1.73	26.46	7.26	16.24	10.16	16.26	67.95
14	2.28	23.11	6.78	8.98	9.33	19.54	60.69
21	1.02	22.63	4.82	6.42	8.01	13.30	48.19
28	1.83	17.79	2.53	7.33	8.37	12.21	41.69

评价因子Evaluation factor	烷烃类 Alkanes	芳香烃类 Aromatic hydrocarbon	醛酮类 Aldehyde ketone	酯类 Esters	烯烃类 Olefins	总挥发性有机化合物 TVOC
检测质量浓度 Detection concentration(C_i)	25.13	97.33	10.39	52.84	47.57	282.60
限量质量浓度 Limiting concentration(C_vi)	100	50	20	20	30	300
分指数Single-factor index(I_i)	0.25	1.95	0.52	2.64	1.59	0.94
超标倍数Multiplier	—	0.95	—	1.64	0.59	—

Evaluation of Effects of VOCs Released by MDF on Indoor Air Quality

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中纤板MDF	时间Time/d
中纤板MDF	1	3	7	14	21	28
中纤板素板 Unfinished MDF	酯类Esters(2.64)＞芳香烃类Aromatic hydrocarbon(1.95)＞烯烃类Olefins(1.59)	芳香烃类Aromatic hydrocarbon(2.02)＞酯类Esters(1.31)＞烯烃类Olefins(1.03)	芳香烃类Aromatic hydrocarbon(1.49)	芳香烃类Aromatic hydrocarbon(1.22)	—	—
PVC饰面中纤板 PVC facing MDF	酯类Esters(2.53)＞芳香烃类Aromatic hydrocarbon(1.51)	酯类Esters(2.19)＞芳香烃类Aromatic hydrocarbon(1.07)	芳香烃类Aromatic hydrocarbon(1.25)＞酯类Esters(1.17)	酯类Esters(1.09)＞芳香烃类Aromatic hydrocarbon(1.08)	—	—
三聚氰胺浸渍胶膜纸饰面中纤板Melamine finishing MDF	酯类Esters(1.19)＞芳香烃类Aromatic hydrocarbon(1.09)	酯类Esters(1.27)	—	—	—	—

时间Time/d	最大单因子分指数Maximum single-factor index			算数平均指数Arithmetic average index
时间Time/d	中纤板素板 Unfinished MDF	PVC饰面中纤板 PVC facing MDF	三聚氰胺浸渍胶膜纸饰面中纤板 Melamine finishing MDF	中纤板素板 Unfinished MDF	PVC饰面中纤板 PVC facing MDF	三聚氰胺浸渍胶膜纸饰面中纤板 Melamine finishing MDF
1	2.64	2.53	1.19	1.32	1.01	0.62
3	2.02	2.19	1.27	0.92	0.82	0.56
7	1.49	1.25	0.81	0.63	0.62	0.38
14	1.22	1.09	0.46	0.56	0.56	0.30
21	0.87	0.72	0.45	0.41	0.39	0.24
28	0.82	0.66	0.37	0.41	0.36	0.22

综合指数Comprehensive index	级别Grade	评价Evaluation	对人体健康的影响Influence on people
≤0.49	Ⅰ	清洁Neat	适宜于人类生活Suitable for living
0.50~0.99	Ⅱ	未污染Nonpollution	人类生活正常Uninfluential
1.00~1.49	Ⅲ	轻污染Mild pollution	除了敏感者外，一般不会发生急慢性中毒Having a slight effect on sensitive people
1.50~1.99	Ⅳ	中污染Middle-level pollution	人群健康明显受害，敏感者受害严重Jeopardizing people’s health
≥2.00	Ⅴ	重污染Heavy pollution	人群健康受害严重，敏感者有死亡的可能Having the possibility of death for sensitive people

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