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Scientia Silvae Sinicae ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 33-43.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150805

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Relationship between Leaf Anatomical Structure and Trunk Cold Resistance of 16 Peach Cultivars

Guo Xuemin1, Liu Jianzhen2, Zhai Jiangtao1, Xiao Xiao2, Lü Yamei1, Li Dandan1, Pei Shimei1, Zhang Libin2   

  1. 1. College of Life Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology Qinhuangdao 066600;
    2. College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology Qinhuangdao 066600
  • Received:2014-07-18 Revised:2015-04-01 Online:2015-08-25 Published:2015-09-10

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Abstract:

[Objective] Leaves are photosynthetic organ of plants. Part of their photosynthetic products (carbohydrates) is transported to the trunk through the phloem, and stored in parenchyma cells of the trunk. The accumulation of these endogenous carbohydrates may result in an increase in cold resistance in various higher plant species. Leaf structure affects its water retention, and hence affects the distribution pattern of carbohydrates in the trunk by affecting the photosynthetic rate. On the other hand the trunk is one of the most susceptible parts to low temperature. The relationship between peach leaf anatomical structure and cold resistance of the trunk was explored in this paper. [Method] In this study, 13 anatomical structure indexes were measured on 16 peach cultivars by using blotting methods and paraffin section methods combined with a field investigation of cold resistance of the trunk. Leaf anatomical structure indexes were screened via coefficient of variation, analysis of correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis, and comprehensive evaluation on cold resistance for each cultivar was conducted by the subordinate function. [Result] 1) Peach leaves were typical bifacial leaf without trichomes, and the epidermal anticlinal walls showed slightly sinuate. The stomata only distributed in the lower epidermis, and belonged to anomocytic type. The leaf had 2-3 layers of palisade tissue cells. The 13 anatomical structure indexes all reached to a significant level difference among the 16 cultivars (P<0.01). 2) Leaf thickness, the total stomatal perimeter per unit area, the ratio of the palisade tissue to the spongy tissue, and midrib xylem area were the main factors related to the hardiness, while those indexes, such as thickness of upper epidermis, thickness of lower epidermis, thickness of palisade tissue, thickness of spongy tissue, tightness of leaf palisade tissue, palisade tissue and spongy tissue ratio, midrib xylem area and midrib vascular bundle area ratio, stomatal density and stomatal perimeter, did not showed much effect on cold resistance. 3) The cold resistance for the 16 cultivars was in order of Hunchun>Ruiguang No. 27>Yingxue>Zaoxialu>Nongzi No. 6>Zaochun>Wanxifei>Dajiubao>Zhaohui>Xiuzhenzaopan>Zaohualu>Huayulu>Huayu>Yingshuang>Chinese birthday peach>21th century. 4) According to the cold hardiness, the cultivars could be divided into 5 groups: Hunchun, Ruiguang No.27 and Yingxue with high cold resistance, Zaoxialu and Nongzi No. 6 with cold resistance, Zaochun, Wanxifei, Dajiubao, Zhaohui and Xiuzhenzaopan with medium cold resistance, Nongzi No. 6, Zaohualu, Huayulu, Huayu, and Yingshuang with lower tolerance, Chinese birthday peach and 21th century without cold resistance. 5) The result of cold resistance type division according to the statistical evaluation of the structural characteristics of the leaf was consistent with that of field investigation.[Conclusion] According to statistical analysis and field investigations, the main anatomical structure indexes affecting trunk cold resistance were leaf thickness, the total stomatal perimeter per unit area, the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, and midrib xylem area, and the differences in these four indexes, to some extent, reflected the variation of cold resistance of tree trunk in 16 peach cultivars. However, the accurate hardiness evaluation of peach trees still needs to consider other factors, including some physiological and biochemical indicators of cold resistance, the harmfulness of peach trees, and the recovery state after being injured by low temperature.

Key words: peach, leaf anatomical structure, cold resistance, comprehensive evaluation

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