蓝莓栽培品种的DNA条形码

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191216

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectve: The purpose of this study was screening the suitable DNA barcodes for identifying cultivars, which were used for studying the discrimination and the heredity differentiation of blueberry (Vaccinium) cultivars. Method: Eight DNA barcodes (rpoB, psbA-trnH, ycf5, rbcL, rpoC, matK, ITS and ITS2) of 108 individuals from 40 blueberry cultivars were amplified and sequenced. The amplification efficiency, sequencing success rate, genetic distance and barcoding gap were analyzed, and the calculations of genetic distance were verified using the Wilcoxon test. Finally, cluster analysis of blueberry cultivars was performed by N-J tree method. Result: Among the eight DNA barcodes, ITS and ycf5 could not be amplified in all samples. The amplification and sequencing rate of all the five barcodes (rpoB, psbA-trnH, rbcL, rpoC and ITS2) were 100%, except matK was 96.3% and 99.04% respectively. The rpoB sequences of all blueberry cultivars were completely consistent, so this fragment is highly conserved in blueberry. The mutation points of six barcodes were as follows:ITS2(11) > matK(4) > rbcL(3) > psbA-trnH(2) > rpoC(1) > rpoB(0). The genetic distances among or within blueberry cultivars were smaller, range from 0.000 16-0.002 58. The genetic distances were greater among cultivars than within cultivars. Barcoding gap analysis showed that, there was no obvious interval area formed in all barcodes, but according to distribution, barcodes ITS2, psbA-trnH and matK tended to be distributed at both ends, especially ITS2. Wilcoxon test showed that, the interspecific variation of barcodes ITS2 and psbA-trnH were more obvious than others, and greater intraspecific variation was found in psbA-trnH. The cluster analysis indicated that, blueberry cultivars could be divided into two groups by psbA-trnH or rpoC, three groups by rbcL or matK, and four groups by ITS2. Furthermore, the identification rate of blueberry cultivars could be improved by the combination of barcodes and with the highest success rate of 20% by ITS2+matK+rpoC+rbcL. Conclusion: The identification of blueberry cultivars by ITS2 was superior to other barcodes. A total of 40 blueberry cultivars were divided into 14 groups by the barcode combination of ITS2+matK+rpoC+rbcL, which can distinguish the major blueberry cultivars in Shandong province, such as 'Berkeley', 'Sunshineblue' and 'Northland' respectively. The barcode combination is suitable for the identification of blueberry cultivars.

Key words: Vaccinium, blueberry, cultivar, DNA barcode, genetic divergence

CLC Number:

Wei Li,Qige Qi,Xu Huang,Yang Yue,Jingkun Yin,Ruijian Wang. DNA Barcodes of Blueberry Cultivars[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(12): 151-161.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Information of blueberry(Vaccinium) cultivars"

序号 No.	品种 Cultivar	栽培类群 Cultural groups	来源地 Locality of origin
1	‘大粒星’ V. corymbosum ‘Otsububoshi’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
2	‘普露’ V. corymbosum ‘Puru’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
3	‘哈里森’ V. corymbosum ‘Harison’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
4	‘彭德尔’ V. corymbosum ‘Pender’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
5	‘考林’ V. corymbosum ‘Collins’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
6	‘莱格西’ V. corymbosum ‘Legacy’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
7	‘尼尔森’ V. corymbosum ‘Nelson’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
8	‘蓝天’V. corymbosum ‘Bluehaven’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
9	‘努努益’ V. corymbosum ‘Nui’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
10	‘早蓝’ V. corymbosum ‘Earliblue’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
11	‘卡德’ V. corymbosum ‘Meader’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
12	‘泽西’ V. corymbosum ‘Jersey’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
13	‘瑞卡’ V. corymbosum ‘Reka’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
14	‘艾克塔’ V. corymbosum ‘Echota’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
15	‘蓝丰’ V. corymbosum ‘Bluecrop’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
16	‘蓝线’ V. corymbosum ‘Blueray’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
17	‘公爵’ V. corymbosum ‘Duke’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
18	‘蓝鸟’ V. corymbosum ‘Bluejay’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
19	‘布里吉塔’ V. corymbosum ‘Brigitta’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	澳大利亚Australia
20	‘蓝金’ V. corymbosum‘Bluegold’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
21	‘康维尔’ V. corymbosum ‘Coville’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
22	‘晚蓝’ V. corymbosum ‘Lateblue’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
23	‘红利’ V. corymbosum ‘Bonus’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
24	‘伯克利’ V. corymbosum ‘Berkeley’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
25	‘埃利奥特’ V. corymbosum ‘Elliot’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
26	‘钱德勒’ V. corymbosum ‘Chandler’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
27	‘鲁贝尔’ V. corymbosum ‘Rubel’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
28	‘塞拉’ V. corymbosum ‘Sierra’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
29	‘达柔’ V. corymbosum ‘Darrow’	北高丛蓝莓North highbush blueberry(V. corymbosum)	美国America
30	‘阳光蓝’ Vaccinium ‘Sunshineblue’	南高丛蓝莓Southern highbush blueberry*	美国America
31	‘萨米特’ Vaccinium ‘Summit’	南高丛蓝莓Southern highbush blueberry*	美国America
32	‘奥尼尔’ Vaccinium ‘O’neal’	南高丛蓝莓Southern highbush blueberry*	美国America
33	‘顶峰’ V. ashei ‘Climax’	兔眼蓝莓Rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei)	美国America
34	‘奥斯汀’ V. ashei ‘Austin’	兔眼蓝莓Rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei)	美国America
35	‘蓝美人’V. ashei ‘Bluebell’	兔眼蓝莓Rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei)	美国America
36	‘芭尔德温’ V. ashei ‘Baldwin’	兔眼蓝莓Rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei)	美国America
37	‘奇伯瓦’ Vaccinium ‘Chippwa’	半高丛蓝莓Half-highbush blueberry*	美国America
38	‘北陆’ Vaccinium ‘Northland’	半高丛蓝莓Half-highbush blueberry*	美国America
39	‘帽盖’ Vaccinium ‘Tophat’	半高丛蓝莓Half-highbush blueberry*	美国America
40	‘斯卫克’ V. myrtilloides ‘Brunswick’	矮丛蓝莓Lowbush blueberry*	加拿大Canada

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条形码 DNA barcode	引物名称 Primers	引物序列 Primer sequence(5′—3′)	片段来源 Source	产物长度 Sequence length/bp
ITS2	S2 F S3 R	ATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATGA CGCTTCTCCAGACTACAAT	核基因 Genome	≈500
rbcL	1 F 724 R	ATGTCACCACAAACAGAAC TCGCATGTACCTGCAGTAGC	叶绿体基因 Chloroplast	≈800
psbA-trnH	PA F TH R	GTTATGCATGAACGTAATGCTC CGCGCATGGTGGATTCACAATCC	叶绿体基因 Chloroplast	≈700
rpoC	2 F 4 R	GGCAAAGAGGGAAGATTCG CCATAAGCATATCTTGAGTTGG	叶绿体基因 Chloroplast	≈1 000
rpoB	1 F 4 R	AAGTGCATTGTTGGAACTGG GATCCCAGCATCACAATTCC	叶绿体基因 Chloroplast	≈500
matK	390 F 1326 R	CGATCTATTCATTCAATATTTC TCTAGCACACGAAAGTCGAAGT	叶绿体基因 Chloroplast	≈1 000
Ycf5	2 F 3 R	ACTTTAGAGCATATATTAACTC ACTTACGTGCATCATTAACCA	叶绿体基因 Chloroplast	≈500
ITS	5a F 4 R	CCTTATCATTTAGAGGAAGGAG TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC	核基因 Genome	≈800

条形码 Barcode	序列长度 Sequence length/bp	GC百分比 Average of GC content(%)	变异位点 Number of variable sites	品种间遗传距离均值 Mean genetic distance among cultivars	品种内遗传距离均值 Mean genetic distance within cultivars
ITS2	419	56.4	11	0.002 588±0.001 606	0.000 359±0.000 333
psbA-trnH	380	32.2	2	0.001 699±0.001 173	0.000 572±0.000 405
rbcL	649	42.7	3	0.000 549±0.000 507	0.000 167±0.000 161
rpoC	426	43.6	1	0.000 525±0.000 503	0.000 196±0.000 186
matK	829	33.8	4	0.000 772±0.000 668	0.000 282±0.000 277
rpoB	446	37.0	0	0	0

正秩 Positive rank	负秩 Negative rank	相对秩 Relative ranks	n	P	结果 Result
ITS2	psbA-trnH	W+=100 645; W-=93 731	780	0.440	P>0.05; ITS2=psbA-trnH
ITS2	rbcL	W+=28 199; W-=173 731	780	0.000	P < 0.01; ITS2>rbcL
ITS2	rpoC	W+=20 411; W-=165 944	780	0.000	P < 0.01; ITS2>rpoC
ITS2	matK	W+=61 356; W-=201 094	780	0.000	P < 0.01; ITS2>matK
psbA-trnH	rbcL	W+=1 457; W-=66 439	780	0.000	P < 0.01; psbA-trnH>rbcL
psbA-trnH	rpoC	W+=1 833; W-=66 802	780	0.000	P < 0.01; psbA-trnH>rpoC
psbA-trnH	matK	W+=61 042; W-=161 069	780	0.000	P < 0.01; psbA-trnH>matK
rbcL	rpoC	W+=33 709; W-=34 926	780	0.767	P>0.05; rbcL=rpoC
rbcL	matK	W+=143 762; W-=76 354	780	0.000	P < 0.01; rbcL < matK
rpoC	matK	W+=133 152; W-=72 609	780	0.000	P < 0.01; rpoC < matK

正秩 Positive rank	负秩 Negative rank	相对秩 Relative ranks	n	P	结果 Result
ITS2	psbA-trnH	W+=32; W-=13	40	0.258	P>0.05; ITS2=psbA-trnH
ITS2	rbcL	W+=12; W-=43	40	0.112	P>0.05; ITS2=rbcL
ITS2	rpoC	W+=7; W-=38	40	0.063	P>0.05; ITS2=rpoC
ITS2	matK	W+=48; W-=72	40	0.492	P>0.05; ITS2=matK
psbA-trnH	rbcL	W+=1; W-=20	40	0.044	0.01 < P < 0.05; psbA-trnH>rbcL
psbA-trnH	rpoC	W+=1; W-=20	40	0.046	0.01 < P < 0.05; psbA-trnH>rpoC
psbA-trnH	matK	W+=45; W-=60	40	0.633	P>0.05; psbA-trnH=matK
rbcL	rpoC	W+=10; W-=5	40	0.498	P>0.05; rbcL=rpoC
rbcL	matK	W+=68; W-=23	40	0.112	P>0.05; rbcL=matK
rpoC	matK	W+=56; W-=22	40	0.176	P>0.05; rpoC=matK

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DNA Barcodes of Blueberry Cultivars

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来源 Source	条形码 Barcode	样品总数 Number of samples	片段扩增数 Number of fragments	扩增率 Amplification efficiency(%)	测序成功率 Sequencing success rate (%)
叶绿体来源条形码 Chloroplast	rpoB	108	108	100	100
	psbA-trnH	108	108	100	100
	rbcL	108	108	100	100
	rpoC	108	108	100	100
	matK	108	104	96.30	99.04
	ycf5	108	0	0	0
核基因来源条形码 Genome	ITS2	108	108	100	100
核基因来源条形码 Genome	ITS	108	0	0	0