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Scientia Silvae Sinicae ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 134-141.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160516

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Characteristics of Bird Community in Beijing Urban Greenland in Winter

Sun Fengshuo, Liu Yao, Qi Lei, Cao Han, Sui Jinling   

  1. School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083
  • Received:2015-07-19 Revised:2016-02-23 Online:2016-05-25 Published:2016-06-01

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Abstract:

[Objective] The characteristics of bird communities in Beijing urban green areas in winter were investigated in order to provide basis for the conservation of urban birds. [Method] Forty urban greenlands were classified into rural park, urban park, linear greenland and campus greenland. They were surveyed systematically with transect method during the period between Nov. 2013 and Jan. 2014. [Result] A total of 8 853 birds representing 57 species in 30 families and 12 orders were recorded. Among them, 35 species of passerine birds were observed (61.40% of total), followed by anatidae birds (9 species, 15.79%). It was found through analysis by residential types that there were 36 species of resident birds (63.16%), 19 species of passing birds (33.33%), 8 species of summer birds (14.04%) and 13 species of winter birds (22.81%). The resident birds were the major components of the winter bird community. Analysis by feeding guild showed that the insectivorous birds contained the most species (28 species, 63.64%), and there were only 8 species of omnivorous birds, but 3 923 omnivorous individuals were recorded (63.64% of total individuals), and omnivorous species were the dominant group in the community. According to the encounter rates of birds, tree sparrow (Passer montanus, 56.14 individual·h-1), azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyana, 31.39 individual·h-1), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos, 23.76 individual·h-1) and magpie (Pica pica, 20.69 individual·h-1) were the dominant species in the bird communities in winter. Nine species were observed in all of the four greenland types, among which magpie (observed in all the 40 greenlands), tree sparrow (observed in 36 greenlands) and azure-winged magpie (observed in 35 greenlands) were the most widely distributed species. In the four types of greenlands, rural park held the highest richness (9.72±1.81, mean±SE), but the difference were not statistically significant. Diversity in the liner greenland (0.87±0.16) was significantly lower than that in rural park (1.29±0.49, P<0.05) and urban park (1.48±0.16, P<0.05). Intra-similarities of the bird communities in rural parks were significantly lower than those in campus greenlands (0.60±0.06, P<0.01), urban parks (0.56±0.03, P<0.05) and linear greenland (0.54±0.18, P<0.01). Inter-similarity between rural park and urban park was highest, but lowest between rural park and campus greenland. [Conclusion] The rural parks located at the edge of the city with a larger green area had higher bird species richness and diversity, and provided the birds with a shelter in winter. Omnivorous birds adapted to the urban environment better, with a wide distribution and a high density. In the future, vegetation that can provide bird with food in winter should be contained in the urban greenland planning and larger greenlands should be constructed.

Key words: bird community, winter bird, diversity, park, urban greenland, Beijing

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