基于表型及功能成分的果用银杏优良栽培品系综合评价

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250492

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to investigate the dynamic accumulation patterns of the main medicinal components (flavonoids and terpene lactones) in the seed kernel of Ginkgo biloba during development, to analyze the phenotypic traits, seed kernel nutrients, medicinal components, and allergenic components among different cultivars, so as to screen ginkgo fruit cultivars with high medicinal content and superior overall quality. Method: Four productive cultivars were selected to dynamically determine the changes in the content of medicinal components during development of the seed kernel. At maturity, the phenotypic characteristics of the nuts and the nutritional, medicinal, and allergenic components of the kernels in 36 cultivars were systematically determined. The coefficient of variation analysis, diversity index analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and fuzzy subordinate function method were comprehensively applied to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each cultivar and to screen the target cultivars. Result: The total flavonoid and total lactone contents in ginkgo seed kernels exhibited a development pattern of first increasing and then decreasing with the peaks occurring in July or September and the lowest in October during the maturation period. The coefficients of variation of the phenotypic traits across the 36 tested cultivars ranged from 10.46% to 36.88%, with diversity indices ranging from 3.54 to 3.58, while the coefficients of variation of the chemical composition ranged from 9.91% to 36.93%, with diversity indices ranging from 3.52 to 3.58. Correlation analyses revealed that starch content was highly significantly negatively correlated with ginkgolic acid content (P<0.01) and significantly negatively correlated with total flavonoid content (P<0.05). Medicinal constituents (flavonoids and terpene lactones) were significantly negatively correlated with the morphological indexes (nut shape coefficients and nut widths, nut thicknesses, and single nut weights) (P<0.05). Based on principal component analysis and the fuzzy subordinate function method, a comprehensive evaluation model was constructed for screening out two fruit cultivars (No. 25 and No. 33) with significantly higher medicinal content. The two cultivars exhibited an average total flavonoid content of 2.32 mg·g^–1, and an average total lactone content of 3.66 mg·g^–1. Conclusion: This research has systematically elucidated the dynamic accumulation pattern of medicinal components in ginkgo seed kernels, which exhibit an first increasing and then decreasing during development. It is confirmed that cultivated ginkgo cultivars exhibit high coefficients of variation in phenotypic traits, nutritional components, and medicinal constituents, and there are significant correlations between these traits. Two superior cultivars, No. 25 and No. 33, have been comprehensively evaluated. Especially, cultivar No. 25 has outstanding medicinal component content with relatively low allergenic components, demonstrating excellent comprehensive quality. The findings provide a material foundation for the targeted breeding of “high-medicinal, low-allergenic” ginkgo cultivars, and for the development of functional foods and industrial promotion.

Key words: Ginkgo biloba, breeding of superior cultivars, medicinal components, allergenic components, comprehensive evaluation

CLC Number:

S792.95

Yu Wang,Guibin Wang,Yuanhui Zhang,Yuxia Yang,Wei Tang,Jing Guo,Yuhua Liu,Pengfei Yu. Comprehensive Evaluation of Superior Ginkgo biloba Cultivars for Fruit Production Based on Phenotype and Functional Components[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(3): 161-170.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Phenotypic traits of nuts in different Ginkgo biloba cultivars (mean ± SE)"

栽培品系编号 Cultivar number	种核长 NL/ mm	种核宽 NW/ mm	种核厚 NT/ mm	单核质量 SNW/ g	核形系数 NSC
1	17.64±2.04 o	12.31±0.72 i–m	10.33±0.68 k–o	1.07±0.25 j	1.43±0.13 jkl
2	20.53±2.76 ijk	11.60±2.21 lm	11.31±0.73 fgh	1.70±0.27 fg	1.79±0.14 a
3	21.97±0.94 d–g	15.15±0.59 bcd	12.29±0.47 cd	1.86±0.22 ef	1.45±0.03 i–l
4	17.69±2.34 o	11.52±2.25 m	9.47±1.38 pq	0.99±0.49 j	1.56±0.14 c–f
5	19.41±2.19 k–n	12.72±2.14 h–k	10.05±1.34 nop	1.20±0.50 j	1.54±0.11 def
6	24.52±1.24 a	15.62±0.62 b	13.12±0.38 b	2.30±0.28 ab	1.57±0.07 cde
7	21.22±2.45 f–i	12.01±1.24 klm	10.38±0.27 k–o	1.18±0.31 j	1.77±0.10 a
8	16.29±2.47 p	10.44±0.99 n	9.09±0.63 q	0.60±0.30 k	1.56±0.17 cde
9	20.91±2.59 g–j	13.04±1.80 ghi	11.15±0.55 ghi	1.45±0.48 hi	1.61±0.08±c
10	19.07±2.54 mn	12.81±2.87 g–k	10.97±0.49 h–k	1.53±0.30 ghi	1.52±0.17 e–h
11	22.59±2.16 b–e	15.53±0.87 b	12.81±0.60 bc	2.08±0.37 cde	1.45±0.09 i–l
12	22.98±0.71 b–e	15.74±0.65 b	12.39±0.28 cd	2.17±0.18 bc	1.46±0.07 h–l
13	22.23±1.25 def	15.15±0.98 bcd	11.97±0.36 de	2.07±0.37 cde	1.47±0.07 h–l
14	22.77±0.67 b–e	15.61±0.54 b	12.23±0.32 cd	2.01±0.16 cde	1.46±0.03 i–l
15	22.61±0.99 b–e	15.25±0.73 bc	12.13±0.52 cd	1.98±0.29 cde	1.48±0.03 g–k
16	17.89±2.22 o	13.13±1.30 ghi	10.60±0.83 i–n	1.22±0.39 j	1.37±0.10 mn
17	19.26±1.66 lmn	13.62±1.16 fg	10.90±0.52 h–l	1.45±0.27 hi	1.42±0.09 klm
18	20.86±2.24 hij	14.08±1.57 ef	11.05±0.82 hij	1.63±0.49 ghi	1.48±0.07 g–j
19	20.49±1.34 ijk	14.56±2.33 cde	12.73±1.52 bc	1.93±0.70 de	1.43±0.20 jkl
20	22.38±0.63 cde	12.93±0.72 g–j	11.10±0.48 g–j	1.58±0.24 ghi	1.74±0.08 ab
21	22.64±1.49 b–e	14.64±1.21 cde	11.74±0.31 d–g	1.96±0.26 cde	1.55±0.13 c–f
22	23.07±1.96 bcd	14.33±1.36 def	12.18±0.96 cd	1.95±0.41 cde	1.61±0.09 c
23	19.19±1.82 lmn	12.15±1.39 j–m	10.78±0.60 h–m	1.19±0.35 j	1.58±0.09 cd
24	20.32±3.99 i–l	14.04±2.81 ef	10.26±0.41 l–o	1.69±0.94 fg	1.45±0.05 i–l
25	21.94±3.77 d–h	15.55±2.48 b	12.19±1.56 cd	2.11±0.81 bcd	1.41±0.08 lm
26	19.44±2.45 k–n	14.60±1.74 cde	12.68±0.63 bc	1.69±0.53 fg	1.33±0.03 n
27	21.84±0.50 e–h	17.65±0.64 a	13.96±0.48 a	2.46±0.14 a	1.24±0.05 o
28	23.57±0.73 ab	15.74±0.63 b	12.67±0.24 bc	2.13±0.19 bcd	1.50±0.04 f–i
29	18.68±1.68 no	11.76±0.81 lm	9.79±0.63 op	1.10±0.23 j	1.58±0.07 cde
30	22.33±0.98 de	12.97±2.07 g–j	11.05±1.05 hij	1.44±0.17 i	1.77±0.11 a
31	19.05±1.11 mn	12.44±0.80 i–l	10.46±0.27 j–n	1.19±0.19 j	1.53±0.04 d–g
32	16.29±0.72 p	10.53±0.92 n	9.03±0.54 q	0.64±0.24 k	1.56±0.09 c–f
33	20.04±1.80 j–m	13.55±1.58 fgh	11.22±1.01 f–i	1.53±0.46 ghi	1.48±0.06 g–j
34	20.18±0.93 i–m	14.12±1.55 ef	11.84±0.96 def	1.60±0.28 ghi	1.46±0.21 i–l
35	23.50±1.68 abc	13.17±1.03 ghi	11.37±0.92 e–h	1.68±0.41 fgh	1.79±0.07 a
36	19.92±0.76 j–m	11.67±0.37 lm	10.19±0.22 mno	1.14±0.09 j	1.71±0.07 b
平均值Mean	20.70±2.79	13.66±2.21	11.30±1.35	1.60±0.59	1.53±0.16
变异系数CV (%)	13.48	16.18	11.95	36.88	10.46
F值F value	35.72^**	39.54^**	31.40^**	40.30^**	48.54^**
多样性系数H′	3.58	3.58	3.58	3.54	3.58

Table 2

Table 3

Major chemical constituents in seed kernels of different Ginkgo biloba cultivars (mean ± SE)"

栽培品系编号 Cultivar number	可溶性蛋白 SP/ (mg·g^–1)	可溶性糖 SS/ (mg·g^–1)	淀粉 S/ (mg·g^–1)	总黄酮 TF/ (mg·g^–1)	总内酯 TP/ (mg·g^–1)	银杏酸 GA/ (μg·g^–1)	4’-O-甲基吡哆醇 MPN/ (μg·g^–1)
1	6.15±0.35 c–f	58.74±1.46 kl	427.86±0.73 w	2.32±0.08 abc	2.76±0.21 ij	25.11±0.77 d	282.63±5.21 i
2	5.37±0.10 e–j	54.90±0.78 nop	624.81±0.64 c	1.94±0.17 fg	2.99±0.19 f–i	21.54±1.07 fg	145.53±13.21 o
3	6.15±0.36 c–f	58.74±0.29 kl	527.41±1.98 mn	2.05±0.04 def	2.94±0.09 ghi	20.67±0.77 gh	321.19±2.72 efg
4	6.36±1.01 b–e	51.82±0.91 qr	428.97±0.58 w	2.12±0.08 b–f	3.41±0.06 bcd	20.24±0.26 h	336.40±16.25 d
5	7.28±1.35 bc	56.76±0.11 mn	568.86±1.18 h	2.11±0.02 b–f	3.15±0.18 d–g	19.88±0.63 h	259.25±3.11 jk
6	5.72±0.40 d–i	58.32±0.33 lm	514.93±1.58 p	2.08±0.03 b–f	3.10±0.08 e–h	20.30±0.22 h	236.63±6.24 l
7	6.53±0.68 b–e	70.86±1.35 c	511.00±1.21 q	1.95±0.06 fg	2.77±0.12 ij	23.29±0.16 e	253.99±3.15 k
8	7.20±1.20 bc	53.29±0.80 pq	488.53±1.84 r	2.19±0.08 b–f	3.66±0.09 ab	24.75±0.38 d	358.92±4.48 c
9	4.10±0.43 jkl	49.19±1.45 st	522.13±1.92 o	2.05±0.11 def	2.77±0.36 ij	27.78±1.18 c	305.93±5.34 h
10	4.41±0.29 i–l	48.53±0.33 st	525.56±0.47 n	2.17±0.03 b–f	3.00±0.03 f–i	23.00±0.30 e	350.42±0.93 c
11	3.55±0.55 kl	51.63±0.91 qr	517.59±0.79 p	2.28±0.06 a–d	2.73±0.26 ij	22.39±0.93 ef	269.53±6.69 j
12	3.32±0.23 l	51.88±1.02 qr	545.23±1.44 l	2.19±0.12 b–f	2.91±0.06 ghi	22.64±0.87 ef	259.76±2.83 jk
13	4.86±0.05 f–k	60.46±1.03 ijk	564.37±0.65 i	2.25±0.04 a–d	2.71±0.19 ij	25.48±0.73 d	333.37±7.91 de
14	3.94±0.82 kl	63.57±1.12 fgh	543.68±1.56 l	2.24±0.08 a–d	2.83±0.05 hij	24.95±0.53 d	324.77±5.00 def
15	5.75±0.57 d–i	61.61±0.97 i	403.87±1.29 x	2.13±0.06 b–f	2.32±0.20 k	30.19±1.27 b	287.68±4.04 i
16	7.49±0.90 b	59.46±1.57 jkl	387.93±1.69 y	2.29±0.02 a–d	2.90±0.04 ghi	28.61±1.34 c	135.27±6.10 o
17	6.95±1.53 bcd	51.18±0.91 r	441.09±1.37 v	2.32±0.05 abc	2.56±0.18 jk	32.26±1.32 a	72.30±1.09 p
18	4.43±0.80 i–l	60.61±0.27 ijk	543.13±1.55 l	2.34±0.04 ab	2.93±0.15 ghi	11.90±0.59 mn	249.22±8.13 kl
19	4.07±0.32 jkl	60.94±0.89 ij	554.18±0.22 k	2.11±0.21 b–f	2.95±0.13 ghi	11.51±0.62 mno	326.76±22.55 def
20	5.31±0.35 e–j	55.33±1.39 no	508.59±0.55 q	1.64±0.21 h	2.78±0.06 ij	10.66±0.85 nop	318.84±4.33 fgh
21	4.45±0.11 h–l	54.33±0.46 op	474.02±1.63 t	2.17±0.26 b–f	2.91±0.05 ghi	12.17±0.89 lm	202.51±10.35 m
22	5.36±0.42 e–j	50.32±0.76 rs	477.58±1.34 s	2.31±0.32 a–d	2.84±0.04 hij	9.68±0.99 p	160.77±11.89 n
23	6.48±0.39 b–e	54.39±0.73 op	475.38±2.04 st	2.15±0.08 b–f	2.94±0.20 ghi	10.33±0.76 op	376.34±2.76 b
24	5.97±1.01 c–g	55.60±0.44 no	529.45±1.26 m	2.10±0.14 b–f	2.75±0.09 ij	12.52±0.68 klm	316.89±7.51 fgh
25	4.55±1.01 h–l	62.15±1.13 ghi	556.90±5.31 k	2.45±0.20 a	3.51±0.06 bc	13.62±0.83 jk	251.70±14.48 k
26	5.73±0.68 d–i	61.75±0.84 hi	681.51±1.48 a	1.80±0.13 gh	2.59±0.08 j	15.77±0.96 i	76.17±2.51 p
27	4.19±0.39 jkl	53.97±0.91 op	625.52±1.83 c	2.07±0.12 c–f	2.81±0.09 hij	14.66±1.38 ij	317.18±7.43 fgh
28	3.51±0.25 kl	57.85±0.41 lm	590.36±1.89 e	1.97±0.21 efg	2.75±0.07 ij	11.69±1.14 mn	336.99±6.56 d
29	3.95±0.44 kl	51.57±0.99 gr	575.78±2.22 g	2.23±0.07 a–e	3.24±0.21 def	12.28±0.49 lm	352.81±2.88 c
30	4.09±0.71 jkl	75.70±0.59 b	644.88±1.97 b	1.70±0.10 h	2.99±0.16 f–i	11.83±0.41 mn	145.99±2.81 o
31	4.81±0.06 f–k	90.09±1.00 a	601.00±0.14 d	2.24±0.30 a–d	2.96±0.06 f–i	9.44±0.21 p	377.30±4.96 b
32	8.96±2.07 a	47.47±0.93 t	582.89±2.83 f	1.68±0.03 h	2.99±0.11 f–i	10.60±0.38 nop	524.03±5.86 a
33	5.56±0.28 e–i	63.85±0.99 fg	624.79±2.51 c	2.18±0.03 b–f	3.80±0.07 a	11.31±0.49 mno	362.02±4.62 c
34	5.80±0.32 d–h	68.35±1.07 d	560.04±1.71 j	2.09±0.10 b–f	3.31±0.08 cde	11.85±0.41 mn	355.03±2.45 c
35	4.69±0.89 g–k	66.40±1.20 e	449.06±0.97 u	2.18±0.08 b–f	3.52±0.22 bc	13.22±0.41 kl	309.95±7.56 gh
36	4.67±0.84 g–l	65.38±0.63 ef	543.27±2.93 l	2.12±0.06 b–f	3.63±0.28 ab	15.88±0.42 i	331.10±3.49 def
平均值Mean	5.31±1.43	58.81±8.38	531.71±68.13	2.12±0.21	2.99±0.35	18.14±6.70	284.03±91.53
变异系数CV (%)	26.93	14.25	12.81	9.91	11.71	36.93	32.23
F值F value	10.67^**	244.82^**	4416.33^**	5.93^**	14.54^**	265.06^**	423.28^**
多样性系数H′	3.56	3.57	3.58	3.58	3.58	3.52	3.53

Table 3

Fig.2

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

References 0

	白鑫磊, 金　华, 邹吉祥, 等. 文冠果表型性状的相关性及主成分分析. 经济林研究, 2019, 37 (1): 68- 73. doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2019.01.010
	Bai X L, Jin H, Zou J X, et al. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis on phenotypic characteristics in Xanthoceras sorbifolia. Nonwood Forest Research, 2019, 37 (1): 68- 73. doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2019.01.010
	曹福亮. 2007. 中国银杏志. 北京: 中国林业出版社.
	Cao F L. 2007. Journal of Ginkgo biloba in China. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House. ［in Chinese］
	曹福亮. 2011. 中国银杏品种图鉴. 北京: 科学出版社.
	Cao F L. 2011. An illustrated monograph of Ginkgo biloba L. cultivars in China. Beijing: Science Press. ［in Chinese］
	陈柏林, 邹敏敏, 苏二正, 等. 银杏果食药物质基础及其加工利用现状. 生物加工过程, 2020, 18 (6): 758- 765, 774. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3678.2020.06.011
	Chen B L, Zou M M, Su E Z, et al. Processing and utilization of edible and medicinal components of Ginkgo biloba seeds: a review. Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering, 2020, 18 (6): 758- 765, 774. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3678.2020.06.011
	国家药典委员会. 2020. 中华人民共和国药典. 四部. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社.
	National Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2020. Chinese pharmacopoeia. part Ⅳ. Beijing: China Medical Science Press. ［in Chinese］
	郭　远, 杨　柳, 王园清, 等. 大豆种子发育过程中异黄酮含量的动态分析. 农学学报, 2012, 2 (11): 1- 5, 36. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7774.2012.11.001
	Guo Y, Yang L, Wang Y Q, et al. The dynamic analysis of isoflavone during seed development in soybean. Journal of Agriculture, 2012, 2 (11): 1- 5, 36. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7774.2012.11.001
	蓝丽霞, 徐展宏, 孙操稳, 等. 青钱柳种质资源评价及其优良家系和单株筛选. 林业科学研究, 2022, 35 (5): 42- 51. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2022.005.005
	Lan L X, Xu Z H, Sun C W, et al. Evaluation on germplasm resources of Cyclocarya paliurus and its oriented selection of superior families and trees. Forest Research, 2022, 35 (5): 42- 51. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2022.005.005
	王学奎, 黄见良. 2015. 植物生理生化实验原理与技术. 北京: 高等教育出版社.
	Wang X K, Huang J L. 2015. Principles and techniques of plant physiology and biochemistry experiments. Beijing: Higher Education Press. ［in Chinese］
	吴春文. 2022. 银杏种质资源遗传多样性分析及核心种质的构建. 长沙: 中南林业科技大学.
	Wu C W. 2022. Analysis of genetic diversity and construction of core collection in germplasm resources of ginkgo. Changsha: Central South University of Forestry and Technology. ［in Chinese］
	徐玉金, 李　翔, 李　岩, 等. 红松种实性状及营养成分动态变化分析. 北京林业大学学报, 2024, 46 (7): 67- 76. doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220148
	Xu Y J, Li X, Li Y, et al. Dynamic changes in seed, cone traits and nutritional components of Pinus koraiensis. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2024, 46 (7): 67- 76. doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220148
	郁万文, 罗天宇, 曹福亮, 等. 不同品种和树龄银杏叶聚戊烯醇含量的年动态特征. 经济林研究, 2019, 37 (2): 1- 6.
	Yu W W, Luo T Y, Cao F L, et al. Annual dynamic characteristics of polyprenol contents in leaves of different varieties of Ginkgo biloba at different tree ages. Nonwood Forest Research, 2019, 37 (2): 1- 6.
	张　恒, 袁　汕, 傅志强, 等. 广宁红花油茶优树综合评价及指标筛选. 浙江农林大学学报, 2023, 40 (2): 374- 381. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220376
	Zhang H, Yuan S, Fu Z Q, et al. Comprehensive evaluation and index screening of excellent plants of Camellia semiserrata. Journal of Zhejiang A& F University, 2023, 40 (2): 374- 381. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220376
	张　毅, 敖　妍, 刘觉非, 等. 2019. 文冠果种实性状变异规律及优良单株选择. 东北林业大学学报, 47(9): 1−5.
	Zhang Y, Ao Y, Liu J F, et al. 2019. Variation pattern of fruit and seed characters and superior individual selection of Xanthoceras sorbifolium. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 47(9): 1−5. ［in Chinese］
	赵东亚, 唐进根, 陈利红, 等. 银杏外种皮提取银杏酸工艺的优化试验. 林业科技开发, 2012, 26 (5): 79- 82. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8101.2012.05.020
	Zhao D Y, Tang J G, Chen L H, et al. Optimization of the extraction process in Ginkgo biloba exocarp. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2012, 26 (5): 79- 82. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8101.2012.05.020
	Boateng I D. A critical review of current technologies used to reduce ginkgotoxin, ginkgotoxin-5′-glucoside, ginkgolic acid, allergic glycoprotein, and cyanide in Ginkgo biloba L. seed. Food Chemistry, 2022, 382, 132408. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132408
	Gong H, Wang W, Wang T, et al. Colors, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity of Ginkgo biloba seeds affected by drying conditions. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 2021, 15 (5): 3953- 3961. doi: 10.1007/s11694-021-00980-0
	Gong W, Chen C, Dobeš C, et al. Phylogeography of a living fossil: pleistocene glaciations forced Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) into two refuge areas in China with limited subsequent postglacial expansion. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2008, 48 (3): 1094- 1105. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.003
	Grotewold E. 2006. The Science of Flavonoids. New York: Springer.
	Li L, Tian Z, Chen J, et al. Characterization of novel loci controlling seed oil content in Brassica napus by marker metabolite-based multi-omics analysis. Genome Biology, 2023, 24 (1): 141. doi: 10.1186/s13059-023-02984-z
	Liu B, Zhao D, Zhang P, et al. Seedling evaluation of six walnut rootstock species originated in China based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Scientia Horticulturae, 2020, 265, 109212. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109212
	Lu J, Xu Y, Meng Z, et al. Integration of morphological, physiological and multi-omics analysis reveals the optimal planting density improving leaf yield and active compound accumulation in Ginkgo biloba. Industrial Crops and Products, 2021, 172, 114055. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114055
	Shan S, Luo J, Xu D, et al. Elucidation of micromolecular phenylpropanoid and lignan glycosides as the main antioxidants of Ginkgo seeds. Industrial Crops and Products, 2018, 112, 830- 838. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.013
	Song C, Xiang D B, Yan L, et al. Changes in seed growth, levels and distribution of flavonoids during tartary buckwheat seed development. Plant Production Science, 2016, 19 (4): 518- 527. doi: 10.1080/1343943X.2016.1207485
	Tomova T, Slavova I, Tomov D, et al. Ginkgo biloba seeds—an environmental pollutant or a functional food. Horticulturae, 2021, 7 (8): 218. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae7080218
	Wang X, Feng J, Ao G, et al. Globally nitrogen addition alters soil microbial community structure, but has minor effects on soil microbial diversity and richness. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2023, 179, 108982. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.108982
	Wu R, Zou M, Cao J, et al. Removal of ginkgotoxins from the Ginkgo biloba seed powder by enzymatic degradation with the laccase-syringaldehyde system. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 217, 118865. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118865
	Xin Y H, Wu Y X, Qiao B, et al. Evaluation on the phenotypic diversity of Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) germplasm in Hainan Island. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12 (1): 371. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03775-x
	Yao Z, Feng Z, Wu C, et al. Analysis of ggenetic diversity and construction of a core collection of Ginkgo biloba germplasm using EST-SSR markers. Forests, 2023, 14 (11): 2155. doi: 10.3390/f14112155
	Zhang W, Shi M, Wang J, et al. A comprehensive review of ginkgotoxin and ginkgotoxin-5′-glucoside in Ginkgo biloba L. seeds. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2024, 125, 105726. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105726
	Zhang W, Shi M, Zhang F, et al. A facile method to determine the native contents of 4’-O-methylpyridoxine and 4’-O-methylpyridoxine-5’-glucoside in Ginkgo biloba seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2021, 69 (47): 14270- 14277. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04937
	Zhang Y, Cao Y F, Huo H L, et al. An assessment of the genetic diversity of pear (Pyrus L. ) germplasm resources based on the fruit phenotypic traits. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21 (8): 2275- 2290. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63885-6
	Zhao B, Wang L, Pang S, et al. UV-B promotes flavonoid synthesis in Ginkgo biloba leaves. Industrial Crops and Products, 2020, 151, 112483. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112483
	Zheng J, Zhang X, Fu M, et al. Effects of different stress treatments on the total terpene trilactone content and expression levels of key genes in Ginkgo biloba leaves. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 2020, 38 (4): 521- 530. doi: 10.1007/s11105-020-01220-3

栽培品系编号 Cultivar number	名称 Name	原产地 Origin	栽培品系编号 Cultivar number	名称 Name	原产地 Origin
1	铁富1号 Tiefu No. 1	江苏 Jiangsu	19	大龙眼 Dalongyan	贵州 Guizhou
2	南林果4 Nanlinguo 4	江苏 Jiangsu	20	南林2号 Nanlin No. 2	江苏 Jiangsu
3	铁富3号 Tiefu No. 3	江苏 Jiangsu	21	小园子 Xiaoyuanzi	江苏 Jiangsu
4	泰兴1号 Taixing No. 1	江苏 Jiangsu	22	大佛指 Dafozhi	江苏 Jiangsu
5	南林外4 Nanlinwai 4	江苏 Jiangsu	23	新村9号 Xincun No. 9	山东 Shandong
6	洞庭皇 Dongtinghuang	江苏 Jiangsu	24	郯城202 Tancheng 202	山东 Shandong
7	新民2号 Xinmin No. 2	江苏 Jiangsu	25	圆铃9号 Yuanling No. 9	山东 Shandong
8	苏农佛手 SuNongfoshou	江苏 Jiangsu	26	新村18号 Xincun No. 18	山东 Shandong
9	郯城231 Tancheng 231	山东 Shandong	27	桂林6号 Guilin No. 6	广西 Guangxi
10	港西2号 Gangxi No. 2	陕西 Shanxi	28	桂林9号 Guilin No. 9	广西 Guangxi
11	曹楼1号 Caolou No. 1	江苏 Jiangsu	29	长兴1号 Changxing No. 1	浙江 Zhejiang
12	港西1号 Gangxi No. 1	陕西 Shanxi	30	长兴3号 Changxing No. 3	浙江 Zhejiang
13	铁马1号 Tiema No. 1	江苏 Jiangsu	31	大孤山1号 Dagushan No. 1	辽宁 Liaoning
14	铁马2号 Tiema No. 2	江苏 Jiangsu	32	泰安025 Tai’an 025	山东 Shandong
15	铁马3号 Tiema No. 3	江苏 Jiangsu	33	泰安013 Tai’an 013	山东 Shandong
16	铁马4号 Tiema No. 4	江苏 Jiangsu	34	泰安垂枝 Tai’anchuizhi	山东 Shandong
17	马铃1号 Maling No. 1	山东 Shandong	35	高港2号 Gaogang No. 2	江苏 Jiangsu
18	大马铃（绿仁） Damaling（Lüren）	山东 Shandong	36	高港3号 Gaogang No. 3	江苏 Jiangsu

主成分PC	指标Traits
主成分PC	种核长 NL	种核宽 NW	种核厚 NT	单核质量 SNW	核形系数 NSC	可溶性蛋白 SP	可溶性糖 SS	淀粉 S	总黄酮 TF
PC1	0.39	0.46	0.45	0.46	–0.18	–0.32	0.02	0.09	0.08
PC2	0.15	–0.06	0.03	0.02	0.31	–0.23	0.32	0.47	–0.34
PC3	–0.18	0.12	0.00	0.02	–0.42	–0.14	0.02	0.01	0.56
PC4	0.32	–0.12	–0.09	0.02	0.52	–0.26	0.27	–0.41	0.39
PC5	–0.22	0.01	–0.01	–0.12	–0.27	0.14	0.74	0.25	0.15

主成分PC	指标Traits
主成分PC	总内酯 TP	银杏酸 GA	4’-O-甲基吡哆醇 MPN	特征值 Eigenvalue		贡献率 Contribution rate (%)		累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%)
PC1	–0.20	0.00	0.16	4.41		36.77		36.77
PC2	0.26	0.52	–0.21	2.23		18.57		55.34
PC3	0.47	0.20	–0.42	1.36		11.30		66.64
PC4	0.30	–0.13	0.20	1.18		9.82		76.45
PC5	–0.06	–0.08	0.45	0.94		7.82		84.27

[1]	Meng Lanyang, Huang Yongli, Liang Junxia, Yan Yan, LI Yunjing, Feng Yuanheng, Yang Zhangqi, Tang Guoqiang. Effects of Pruning on the Form Quality of Artificial Young Forests of Michelia macclurei, Castanopsis hystrix and Castanopsis fissa [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(9): 106-116.
[2]	Gui Meng,Yefei Liu,Xufeng Zhang,Chengle Zhao,Shuirong Wu. Sequential Variation Analysis of Forest Pest Disasters in China from 1998 to 2018 [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(7): 134-143.
[3]	Wenzhen Liu,Yichao Yuan,Lianjin Zhang,Zhonghua Zhao. Stability Evaluation of Pinus tabulaeformis Forest Based on Its Internal Status and Neighborhood Environment [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(9): 76-86.
[4]	Ganggang Zhang,Gangying Hui. Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Forest Quality Based on the Accumulation and Homogeneity [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(1): 77-84.
[5]	Liqun Jiang,Zheng Zhao,Jun Shen,Juan Meng,Huajun Dong. Evaluation of Effects of VOCs Released by MDF on Indoor Air Quality [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(7): 135-141.
[6]	Nan Dong,Hong Zhang,Chunhui Zhang. Tourist Satisfaction of Shaanxi National Forest Park——A Case Study in Taibai, Taiping, and Wangshunshan [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(3): 156-163.
[7]	Tang Haixia, Du Shuhui, Xing Shiyan, Sang Yalin, Li Jihong, Liu Xiaojing, Sun Limin. Screening of Sex Determination Related Genes in Ginkgo biloba [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(2): 76-82.
[8]	Luo Qinghong, Ning Husen, He Miao, Ji Xiaomin, Lei Chunying. Ecophysiological Responses of Five Sandy Shrubs to Drought Stress [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(11): 29-42.
[9]	Lin Wenshu, Mu Dan, Wang Liping, Shao Lijun, Wu Jinzhuo. Correlation between the Growth of Dominant Trees and Surface Soil Physiochemical Properties of Conifer and Broad-Leaved Mixed Forest at Different Succession Stages [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(5): 17-25.
[10]	Liu Huanhuan, Cao Zhiguo, Jia Liming, Li Xiuzhong, Hao Lifeng, Liu Jinqiang, Wang Hua, Xi Benye. Analysis of the Role of Ultrasonic Cleaning in Quantitative Evaluation of the Retention of Tree Leaves to Atmospheric Particles: A Case Study with Ginkgo biloba [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(12): 133-140.
[11]	Chen Lei, Sun Bing, Wang Guibin, Cao Fuliang, Feng Chaonian. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Kernel Quality under Agroforestry Models of Ginkgo biloba Plantation for Nut Production [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(11): 63-70.
[12]	Guo Xuemin, Liu Jianzhen, Zhai Jiangtao, Xiao Xiao, Lü Yamei, Li Dandan, Pei Shimei, Zhang Libin. Relationship between Leaf Anatomical Structure and Trunk Cold Resistance of 16 Peach Cultivars [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(8): 33-43.
[13]	Mi Feng, Tan Zenghaodi, Gu Yanhong, Lu Shasha, Zhang Dahong. Difference Analysis and Evaluation of Chinese Forest Ecological Security [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(7): 107-115.
[14]	Zhang Liangang, Zhi Ling, Zhang Jing, Xie Yanming. Multilayer Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of the Satisfaction with Forestry’ Specialized Cooperative Organization [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(8): 154-161.
[15]	Yang Sheng;Liu Zhengxiang;Zhang Huaxin;Yang Xiuyan;Liu Tao;Yao Zongguo. Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt Tolerance and Screening Identification Indexes for Three Tree Species [J]. , 2013, 49(1): 91-98.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Superior Ginkgo biloba Cultivars for Fruit Production Based on Phenotype and Functional Components

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 8

References 0

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

栽培品系编号 Cultivar number	综合评分 Score	排名 Range	栽培品系编号 Cultivar number	综合评分 Score	排名 Range	栽培品系编号 Cultivar number	综合评分 Score	排名 Range
1	0.249	13	13	0.187	19	25	0.676	1
2	–0.364	34	14	0.242	14	26	–0.178	32
3	0.139	21	15	–0.141	31	27	0.423	4
4	0.285	10	16	0.125	22	28	0.120	23
5	0.108	25	17	–0.097	30	29	0.420	6
6	0.009	28	18	0.370	8	30	–0.411	36
7	–0.362	33	19	0.359	9	31	0.425	3
8	0.382	7	20	–0.364	35	32	0.050	27
9	–0.080	29	21	0.114	24	33	0.628	2
10	0.254	12	22	0.091	26	34	0.421	5
11	0.218	16	23	0.240	15	35	0.179	20
12	0.200	18	24	0.201	17	36	0.282	11

栽培品系编号 Cultivar number	平均值 Average	排名 Range	栽培品系编号 Cultivar number	平均值 Average	排名 Range	栽培品系编号 Cultivar number	平均值 Average	排名 Range
1	0.570	14	13	0.506	22	25	0.901	1
2	0.412	28	14	0.539	16	26	0.192	35
3	0.463	25	15	0.304	32	27	0.433	26
4	0.664	7	16	0.595	10	28	0.347	30
5	0.573	13	17	0.502	24	29	0.673	6
6	0.535	18	18	0.639	8	30	0.263	33
7	0.341	31	19	0.505	23	31	0.585	12
8	0.791	3	20	0.153	36	32	0.248	34
9	0.406	29	21	0.526	20	33	0.833	2
10	0.558	15	22	0.590	11	34	0.612	9
11	0.529	19	23	0.526	21	35	0.740	5
12	0.538	17	24	0.431	27	36	0.741	4