基于林分内部状态与邻域环境的油松林稳定性评价

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210908

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: A comprehensive evaluation method of forest community stability based on stand internal status and neighborhood environment was established to provide enlightenment for the evaluation of stand stability. Method: Fixed sample plots were set up in Beijing, Shaanxi, Gansu and Shanxi where are the representative areas and widely distributed of Pinus tabulaeformis forest. The total station was used to locate the trees with breast height greater than 5 cm, and the composition, structure, regeneration characteristics and adjacent environment types of the stand were investigated, and the unit circle analysis method was used to analyze the characteristics of stand internal status. Based on the principle of structural unit, the concept of neighborhood environmental index(NEI) was defined. Then, a comprehensive evaluation method of stand stability based on the combination of stand internal state evaluation and NEI was established, and the stability of different types of Pinus tabulaeformis stands was evaluated by this method. Result: The results of unit circle analysis showed that the internal status of natural Pinus tabulaeformis stands in Xiaolongshan of Gansu Province was the best, followed by the natural stands of Zhongtiao Mountain, Yuncheng of Shanxi Province, Yuhuagong in Tongchuan of Shaanxi Province, Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Dongshan, Taiyuan of Shanxi Province and Jiulongshan of Beijing, the value of forest internal state(FIS) were 0.605, 0.515, 0.479, 0.453 and 0.311, respectively. The highest NEI was Xiaolongshan natural Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Gansu Province, followed by Yuhuagong natural stand in Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province, with values of 0.75 and 0.40, respectively; the values of NEI of natural Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Zhongtiao Mountain of Shanxi Province and Jiulongshan plantation of Beijing were both 0.25, while that of Taiyuan artificial Pinus tabulaeformis stand was negative, with the value of -0.25. The comprehensive evaluation index(FCS) of stand stability of natural forest was higher than that of artificial forest. The stability of natural forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Xiaolongshan of Gansu Province is the highest, and that of Dongshan plantation of Taiyuan was the lowest, with FCS values of 0.653 and 0.235, respectively. Conclusion: The comprehensive evaluation method based on the stand internal status and neighborhood environment could not only express the differences of the state characteristics within the stand, but also reflect the influences of the neighborhood environments on the stability, and could clearly reflect the general rule that the stability of natural forest is higher than that of artificial forest, and the evaluation results are more clear and intuitive, which provides a new idea for the stability evaluation of forest stand and has a certain guiding significance for sustainable forest management.

Key words: stand internal status, neighborhood environment, stand stability, comprehensive evaluation method, Pinus tabulaeformis

CLC Number:

S750

Wenzhen Liu,Yichao Yuan,Lianjin Zhang,Zhonghua Zhao. Stability Evaluation of Pinus tabulaeformis Forest Based on Its Internal Status and Neighborhood Environment[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(9): 76-86.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Basic overview of the study area"

研究区Study area	地理位置Location	海拔Altitude/m	气候区Climate zone	土壤类型Soil type	主要树种Main tree species
北京九龙山Jiulongshan of Beijing	39°54′48″N 115°59′25″E	100~997	暖温带大陆东岸半湿润季风气候区Semi humid monsoon climate zone on the east coast of warm temperate continent	山地褐土Mountain cinnamon soil	油松Pinus tabulaeformis、侧柏Platycladus orientalis、华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii、栓皮栎Quercus variabilis、白蜡Fraxinus chinensis、色木槭Acer mono、黄栌Cotinus coggygria
山西太原东山森林公园Dongshan Forest Park of Taiyuan, Shanxi	37°52′43″N 112°39′44″E	800~1 670	温带大陆性季风气候区Temperate continental monsoon climate zone	山地褐土Mountain cinnamon soil	油松Pinus tabulaeformis、侧柏Platycladus orientalis、杨Populus、垂柳Salix babylonica、榆Ulmus pumila
山西运城中条山国有林管理局泗交林场Sijiao Forest Farm，Zhongtiaoshan State Owned Forest Administration of Yuncheng, Shanxi	35°5′53″N 111°24′38″E	400~1 630	大陆性半湿润季风气候区Continental semi humid monsoon climate zone	山地褐土Mountain cinnamon soil	油松Pinus tabulaeformis、栓皮栎Quercus variabilis、华山松Pinus armandii、槲栎Quercus aliena
陕西铜川玉华宫自然风景保护区Yuhuagong Nature Reserve of Tongchuan, Shaanxi	35°19′19″N 108°54′8″E	1 360~1 470	暖温带半湿润季风气候区Warm temperate semi humid monsoon climate zone	灰褐色森林土Taupe forest soil	油松Pinus tabulaeformis、青桐Firmiana platanifolia、漆树Toxicodendron succedaneum、甘肃山楂Cartaegus kansuensis、辽东栎Quercus liaotungensis
甘肃小陇山林业保护中心百花林场Baihua Forest Farm of Xiaolongshan Forestry Protection Center, Gansu	34°16′23″N 106°26′43″E	1 345~1 717	暖温带向北亚热带过渡地带气候区Climate zone of transition zone from warm temperate zone to north subtropical zone	褐色森林土Brown forest soil	油松Pinus tabulaeformis、槲栎Quercus aliena、白桦Betula platyphylla、青榨槭Acer davidii、华山松Pinus armandii、鄂椴Tilia oliveri、漆树Toxicodendron succedaneum

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样地Sample site	坡度Slope/(°)	海拔Altitude/m	树种数Number of tree species	树种组成Tree species composition	平均胸径Mean DBH/cm	平均树高Mean height/m	断面积Basal area/ (m²·hm^-2)	密度Density/ hm^-2
北京九龙山Jiulongshan of Beijing	25	685	6	8油松2其他8 Pinus tabulaeformis 2 other species	14.0	6.6	17.8	1 148
山西太原东山森林公园Dongshan Forest Park of Taiyuan, Shanxi	12	1 487	5	10油松10 Pinus tabulaeformis	10.7	7.5	22.7	2 537
山西运城中条山国有林管理局泗交林场Sijiao Forest Farm, Zhongtiaoshan State Owned Forest Administration of Yucheng, Shanxi	25	929	4	6油松4栎类6 Pinus tabulaeformis 4 Quercus	12.8	9.5	14.2	1 106
陕西铜川玉华宫自然风景保护区Yuhuagong Nature Reserve of Tongchuan, Shaanxi	18	1 360	5	10油松10 Pinus tabulaeformis	20.6	12.0	37.8	983
甘肃小陇山林业保护中心百花林场Baihua Forest Farm of Xiaolongshan Forestry Protection Center, Gansu	31	1 685	16	9油松1其他9 Pinus tabulaeformis 1 other species	14.0	11.2	33.6	2 511

林分状态组成要素Elements of stand state	指标Indictor	赋值Assigmment
林分状态组成要素Elements of stand state	指标Indictor	1	0.5	0
垂直结构Vertical structure	林层数Number of stand layer	≥ 2. 5	[1. 5, 2. 5)	＜1. 5
水平结构Horizontal structure	角尺度Uniform angle index	[0.475, 0.517]	(0.517, 1)	(0, 0.475)
年龄结构Age structure	直径分布Diameter distribution	倒J形Inverted J	多峰状Multi peaks	单峰状Single peak
林分密度Stand density	拥挤度Crowded degree	[0. 9, 1. 1]	[0.7, 0.9), (1.1, 1.3]	＜0.7, ＞1.3
森林更新Forest regeneration	幼苗数量Seedling quantity	≥2 500	[500, 2 500)	＜500
林木健康Tree health	健康林木比例Ratio of healthy trees	≥90%	(70%，90%)	≤70%
林分组成Tree species composition	Simpson指数Simpson index	—	—	—
林分长势Stand growth	潜在疏密度Potential thinning density	—	—	—

邻域环境类型Neighborhood environment type	对群落稳定性的影响效应Effect on community stability	赋值Assignment
森林、湖泊、河(溪)流Forests, lakes, rivers(streams)	对群落稳定性有促进作用Positive effect on community stability	+1
农田、草地、荒地Farmland, grassland, wasteland	对群落稳定性无明显作用No significant effect on community stability	0
城镇、村落、设施建设、入侵物种群落Town, village, facility construction, invasive species community	对群落稳定性不利Negative effect on community stability	-1

研究区Study area	空间结构Spatial structure		年龄结构Age structure	林分组成Tree species composition	林分密度Stand density	林分长势Stand growth	森林更新Forest regeneration	林木健康Tree health	FIS
研究区Study area	垂直结构Vertical structure	水平结构Horizontal structure	直径分布Diameter distribution	Simpson指数Simpson index	拥挤度Crowded degree	潜在疏密度Potential thinning density	幼苗数量Seedling quantity	健康林木比例Ratio of healthy trees	FIS
北京九龙山Jiulongshan of Beijing	1/0	0.496/1	多峰状/0.5 Multi peaks/0.5	0.387	0.836/0.5	0.768	430/0	88%/0.5	0.311
山西太原东山森林公园Dongshan Forest Park of Taiyuan, Shanxi	1/0	0.463/0	倒J形/1 Inverted J/1	0.079	0.908/1	0.785	455/0	96%/1	0.453
山西运城中条山国有林管理局泗交林场Sijiao Forest Farm, Zhongtiaoshan State Owned Forest Administration of Yuncheng, Shanxi	1/0	0.477/1	单峰状/0 Single Peak/0	0.507	0.917/1	0.782	1 132/0.5	98%/1	0.515
陕西铜川玉华宫自然风景保护区Yuhuagong Nature Reserve of Tongchuan, Shaanxi	1/0	0.489/1	多峰状/0.5 Multi peaks/0.5	0.039	0.575/0	0.761	5 632/1	95%/1	0.479
甘肃小陇山林业保护中心百花林场Baihua Forest Farm of Xiaolongshan Forestry Protection Center, Gansu	1/0	0.498/1	单峰状/0 Single peak/0	0.503	0.941/1	0.764	3 541/1	96%/1	0.605

研究区Study area	邻域环境类型数Number of neighborhood environment type	正效应Positive effect	负效应Negative effect	0效应No effect	NEI
北京九龙山Jiulongshan of Beijing	4	2/森林2/Forest	1/村落1/Village	1/农田1/Farmland	0.25
山西太原东山森林公园Dongshan Forest Park of Taiyuan, Shanxi	5	1/森林1/Forest	1/村落+1/设施建设1/Village+1/facility construction	1/农田+1/荒地1/Farmland + 1/Wasteland	-0.20
山西运城中条山国有林管理局泗交林场Sijiao Forest Farm, Zhongtiaoshan State Owned Forest Administration of Yuncheng, Shanxi	4	1/森林+1/河流1/Forest+1/River	1/村落1/Village	1/农田1/Farmland	0.25
陕西铜川玉华宫自然风景保护区Yuhuagong Nature Reserve of Tongchuan, Shaanxi	5	3森林3/Forest	1/村落1/Village	1/农田1/Farmland	0.40
甘肃小陇山林业保护中心百花林场Baihua Forest Farm of Xiaolongshan Forestry Protection Center, Gansu	4	3/森林3/Forest	0	1/草地1/Grassland	0.75

Stability Evaluation of Pinus tabulaeformis Forest Based on Its Internal Status and Neighborhood Environment

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