美洲黑杨杂交子代生长及材性性状遗传变异分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250614

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to reveal the variation of growth and wood properties traits in Populus deltoides, and screen high-yielding superior clones, providing a scientific basis for the genetic improvement and efficient utilization of P. deltoides. Method: Four full-sib families and varieties of 10-year-old P. deltoides from a comparison plantation in the Daxing Forest Farm of Beijing were used as experimental materials, and selection of elite clones was conducted based on growth traits such as tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH). Twenty-seven elite clones and new varieties were selected, and the wood properties were measured across different annual rings, including ring width (RW), basic density (BD), microfibril angle (MA), fiber length (FL), and fiber width (FW). Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed for comprehensive evaluation of 27 elite clones. On this basis, the radial variation patterns of wood properties in P. deltoides were further analyzed using annual ring data. The correlation analysis, stepwise regression, and path analysis were comprehensively used to reveal the variation patterns underlying growth and wood property formation. Result: Statistical analysis of growth traits among 242 hybrid progenies showed that there were no significant differences in growth traits among the four full-sib families, whereas there were significant differences in growth traits among elite progenies within each family. Among them, the family P. deltoides ‘Danhong’ × P. deltoides ‘Beiyang’ exhibited the highest genetic gain, with tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) gain rates reaching 15.27% and 43.61%, respectively. Based on clustering analysis of growth and wood property data, the 27 elite clones were divided into three clusters, which differed markedly in FL, fiber length-to-width ratio (FLR), BD, and growth performance. PCA showed that the first three principal components explained the majority of genetic variation in wood properties. Through PCA-based comprehensive evaluation, five clones with superior wood properties, including P. deltoides ‘Zhonghuai 1’, P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 4’, P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 2’, P. deltoides ‘Zhonghe 1’, and P. deltoides ‘K25’, were identified. Analysis of annual ring data indicated abundant genetic variation among clones, with relatively high coefficients of variation for RW, MA, and DBH, and relatively low variation for BD and FW. Radial variation analysis indicated that the 4th to 5th year represented the rapid growth stage of P. deltoides, after which wood properties tended to stabilize in maturity. FL, FW, FLR, and BD generally increased from pith to the bark. Correlation analysis showed that there were weak relationships between growth and wood properties in the 9th year, while annual ring-based correlations were relatively complex, and MA exhibited distinct sex-related differences. Further stepwise regression and path analyses indicated that BD and MA exerted the strongest explanatory power on growth, while other traits contributed less. Conclusion: P. deltoides hybrids have substantial variation in growth and wood property traits. Among them, five clones (P. deltoides ‘Zhonghuai 1’, P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 4’, P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 2’, P. deltoides ‘Zhonghe 1’, and P. deltoides ‘K25’) show superior wood quality. In addition, MA displays a significant sex effect, with female trees showing markedly higher values than males. Wood properties traits are dynamically regulated across developmental stages, with the 4th to 5th year identified as the rapid growth phase. Most wood traits display a radial pattern of gradual increase from pith to bark and stabilize at maturity. BD and MA show consistently high correlations among annual rings and are less affected by tree age, indicating strong potential for early prediction. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into the radial genetic variation of wood properties in P. deltoides hybrids and offers important theoretical and practical guidance for the selection and genetic improvement of elite clones.

Key words: Populus deltoides, wood property traits, radial variation, full-sib family, growth ring

CLC Number:

S722.5

Xinglu Zhou,Lei Zhang,Qinghe Li,Jianjun Hu. Genetic Variation in Growth and Wood Property Traits from Hybrid Progenies of Populus deltoides[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(4): 130-141.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1

Genetic background information and growth performance of Populus deltoides clones"

无性系编号 Clone number	性别 Sex	遗传背景Genetic background		H/m	DBH/cm
无性系编号 Clone number	性别 Sex	母本Female parent	父本Male parent	H/m	DBH/cm
546	♂	50号杨P. deltoides ‘55/65’	帝国杨P. deltoides ‘Imperial’	15.67	24.65
540	♂	50号杨P. deltoides ‘55/65’	帝国杨P. deltoides ‘Imperial’	13.96	21.23
2025	♂	I-69杨P. deltoides ‘Lux’	美洲黑杨P. deltoides	14.83	23.86
1-116	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	南杨P. deltoides ‘Nanyang’	14.50	21.85
17-2	♂	南抗杨 P. deltoides ‘Nankang’	帝国杨P. deltoides ‘Imperial’	14.26	23.91
3-54	♂	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	创新杨P. deltoides ‘Chuangxin’	15.85	24.26
3-59	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	创新杨P. deltoides ‘Chuangxin’	15.32	23.28
I37	♂	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	中成2号P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 2’	15.67	26.88
J14	♂	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	中成2号P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 2’	14.48	26.72
J16	♂	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	中成2号P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 2’	15.03	30.75
J27	♂	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	中成2号P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 2’	14.90	26.95
J30	♂	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	中成2号P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 2’	14.84	27.05
A2	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	北杨P. deltoides ‘Beiyang’	14.45	31.54
A6	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	北杨P. deltoides ‘Beiyang’	14.84	30.56
D34	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	北杨P. deltoides ‘Beiyang’	17.11	32.76
F38	♂	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	北杨P. deltoides ‘Beiyang’	16.56	30.02
J11	♂	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	北杨P. deltoides ‘Beiyang’	16.13	29.79
K9	♂	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	创新杨P. deltoides ‘Chuangxin’	15.70	28.63
K16	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	创新杨P. deltoides ‘Chuangxin’	15.85	30.22
K18	♂	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	创新杨P. deltoides ‘Chuangxin’	16.49	28.06
K25	♂	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	创新杨P. deltoides ‘Chuangxin’	14.97	28.10
K34	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	创新杨P. deltoides ‘Chuangxin’	15.82	28.29
A14	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	中成4号 P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 4’	13.99	24.37
A15	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	中成4号 P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 4’	14.05	23.81
A16	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	中成4号 P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 4’	13.74	24.57
A20	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	中成4号 P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 4’	14.35	24.49
A25	♀	丹红杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’	中成4号 P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 4’	14.08	25.56

Table 1

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全同胞家系 Full-sib families	树高Tree height/m			胸径Diameter at breast height/cm
全同胞家系 Full-sib families	杂交组合 Hybrid combination	优良子代 Superior progeny	遗传增益 Genetic gain (%)	杂交组合 Hybrid combination	优良子代 Superior progeny	遗传增益 Genetic gain (%)
丹红杨×中成2号P. deltoides ‘Danhong’× P. deltoides ‘Zhongcheng 2’	14.38 ± 1.14^a	14.98 ± 0.43^b	4.19	23.20 ± 3.75^a	27.66 ± 1.41^b	19.26
丹红杨×北杨P. deltoides ‘Danhong’× P. deltoides ‘Beiyang’	13.72 ± 1.30^a	15.82 ± 1.13^a	15.27	21.54 ± 3.86^a	30.93 ± 1.00^a	43.61
丹红杨×创新杨P. deltoides‘Danhong’× P. deltoides‘Chuangxin’	14.19 ± 1.26^a	15.76 ± 0.54^a	11.11	23.15± 3.89^a	28.65 ± 0.74^b	23.79
丹红杨×中成4号P. deltoides‘Danhong’× P. deltoides‘Zhongcheng 4’	13.29 ± 1.49^a	14.04 ± 0.22^c	5.65	22.12 ± 3.54^a	24.56 ± 0.52^c	11.04

分组 Group	H/m	DBH/cm	RW/mm	BD/(g·cm^?3)	MA/(°)	FL/μm	FW/μm	FLR
丹红杨×北杨 P. deltoides‘Danhong’× P. deltoides‘Beiyang’	15.82±1.13^a	30.93±1.22^a	15.97±2.08^a	0.38±0.01^a	15.19±1.47^ab	1087.66±104.36^a	24.23±0.74^a	44.93±4.41^a
丹红杨×创新杨 P. deltoides‘Danhong’× P. deltoides‘Chuangxin’	15.76±0.54^a	28.66±0.90^ab	13.39±1.26^ab	0.39±0.01^a	15.60±1.98^ab	1060.34±115.97^a	22.37±1.10^a	47.30±3.34^a
丹红杨×中成2号 P. deltoides‘Danhong’× P. deltoides‘Zhongcheng 2’	14.98±0.43^ab	27.67±1.72^b	15.00±1.53^ab	0.39±0.03^a	14.33±0.84^ab	1067.16±24.69^a	23.40±1.15^a	45.73±3.12^a
丹红杨×中成4号 P. deltoides‘Danhong’× P. deltoides‘Zhongcheng 4’	14.04±0.22^b	24.56±0.63^c	12.39±0.89^bc	0.40±0.01^a	16.90±1.45^a	1095.60±35.75^a	22.56±0.92^a	48.67±3.31^a
新品种 New varieties	14.91±0.72^ab	23.29±1.28^c	10.79±1.32^c	0.39±0.02^a	13.86±1.82^b	1169.83±92.26^a	23.25±1.73^a	50.58±4.94^a
群体平均值 Population mean	15.09±0.90	26.75±3.10	13.31±2.36	0.39±0.02	15.08±1.82	1101.58±88.61	23.17±1.31	47.67±4.27

性状Trait	PC1 (0.361)	PC2 (0.230)	PC3 (0.190)
年轮宽度 Ring width	?0.367	0.148	?0.575
基本密度 Basic density	0.091	0.342	0.736
微纤丝角 Microfibril angle	?0.318	?0.436	0.102
纤维长度 Fiber length	0.567	0.279	?0.276
纤维宽度 Fiber width	?0.196	0.743	?0.108
纤维长宽比 Fiber length-to-width ratio	0.630	?0.203	?0.174

性状Trait	H	DBH	RW	BD	MA	FL	FW	FLR
H	1
DBH	0.581^**	1
RW	0.542^**	0.846^**	1
BD	?0.076	?0.321	?0.241	1
MA	?0.178	0.173	0.131	?0.085	1
FL	0.175	?0.361	?0.189	0.063	?0.355	1
FW	0.125	0.16	0.243	0.142	?0.138	0.162	1
FLR	0.058	?0.439^*	?0.333	?0.028	?0.224	0.802^**	?0.457^*	1

性状 Trait	简单相关系数 Coefficient of simple correlation	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficients			决定系数 Coefficient of determination
性状 Trait	简单相关系数 Coefficient of simple correlation	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	BD → RW	MA → RW	FLR → RW	决定系数 Coefficient of determination
BD	?0.251^***	?0.228	0	?0.043	0.002	0.055
MA	0.196^**	0.17	?0.045	0	?0.002	0.031
FLR	?0.145^*	?0.008	0.033	?0.025	0	0

Genetic Variation in Growth and Wood Property Traits from Hybrid Progenies of Populus deltoides

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