提高森林生态产品价值实现效率的林业高质量发展评估——以东北、内蒙古重点国有林区为例

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240420

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study addresses the disconnect between the theoretical framework of high-quality development in forestry and the practice of realizing the value of forest ecological products. By proposing an observable conceptual framework, it analyzes whether the realization of forest ecological product value facilitates high-quality development in key state-owned forest regions. The research aims to resolve crucial practical challenges associated with the value realization of forest ecological products and the advancement of high-quality forestry development under state-owned forest management systems. Method: The study optimizes the input-output indicator system for the efficiency of ecological product value realization in the Northeast state-owned forest regions. Using technologies and methods such as ArcGIS, equivalent factors, Super-SBM model, Super-Malmquist index, and coefficient of variation, it calculates the efficiency of forest ecological product value realization for 87 forestry enterprises in key state-owned forest regions from 2003 to 2020, which is an important criterion for the degree of high-quality development in forestry. Result: 1) The value flow of forest ecological assets in key state-owned forest regions is enormous, mainly composed of the value of forest support and regulation services, which aligns with the foundational requirements for green and high-quality development. By 2020, the value of support and regulation services reached 728.34 billion yuan, while supply services and cultural services amounted to 46.06 billion yuan and 37.70 billion yuan. However, the total output value of forest ecological products showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, dropping to 9.87 billion yuan in 2020, mainly due to the reduced output value of wood products. 2) The average efficiency of forest ecological product realization in key state-owned forest regions is low, and the goal of high-quality forestry development has not been fully achieved. From 2003 to 2020, the average efficiency of forest ecological product value realization was only 0.39, with the number of forestry bureaus reaching an effective level each year of less than 1/4 of the total area. By region, the Jilin Forestry Group had the highest efficiency in ecological product value realization, with an average of 0.63. In contrast, the Daxing’anling Forestry Group had the lowest efficiency, with an average of 0.32. 3) According to the total factor productivity(TFP) and its decomposition results, the average of total factor productivity(TFP) in key state-owned forest regions from 2003 to 2020 was 1.025. The mean of technical progress change(TC) was 1.042, and the innovation effect caused by technological progress was the main source of growth in the transformation of ecological product value in key state-owned forest regions. 4) The variation coefficient of different forestry groups first decreased and then increased, and the numerical gap in value realization efficiency expanded over time. In 2009, the overall variation coefficient was the smallest, at 0.81; by 2020, the variation coefficient was 1.38. Regional development was uncoordinated, with the forestry bureaus under the Jilin Forestry Group taking the lead in entering the stage of high-quality forestry development. Conclusion: By realizing the value of forest ecological products, key state-owned forest regions promote technological and organizational innovation as the driving force for development, cultivate ecological capital as a key element, implement innovative and green development concepts, and push forestry towards high-quality development. However, bottlenecks such as low output elasticity of ecological capital, significant regional development disparities, and limited sharing of development outcomes continue to constrain high-quality development in these regions. Addressing these challenges requires tailored and categorized policies tailored to local conditions to advance the realization of forest ecological product value. This study provides an observable conceptual framework and empirical evidence to support the implementation of the strategic directive to “cultivate new drivers for high-quality economic development” and promote context-specific approaches to realizing ecological product value.

Key words: high-quality forestry development, ecological products, value realization efficiency, key state-owned forest regions

CLC Number:

S7-9
F307.2

Xianqiao Huang,Jingye Li,Jiaxin Wu,Yue Ren,Yukun Cao. Evaluation of High-Quality Development in Forestry for Enhancing the Value Realization Efficiency of Forest Ecological Products：Based on the Key State-Owned Forest Regions in Northeast China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(6): 209-223.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Table 1

Forest ecological product value realization efficiency evaluation indicator system"

类别 Variable	一级指标 Primary index	二级指标 Secondary index	指标说明 Indicator specification
投入指标 Input indicators	生态资本 Ecological capital	森林供给服务价值量 The value of forest supply services	森林生态系统提供的食物、水资源和原料生产等服务价值量 Value of services provided by forest ecosystems such as food, water resources, and raw material production
		森林调节与支持服务价值量 The value of forest regulation & support services	森林生态系统提供的水文、气体气候调节功能和土壤保持生物多样性功能服务价值量 Value of hydrology, gas climate regulation, and soil biodiversity conservation services provided by forest ecosystems
		森林文化服务价值量 The value of forest cultural services	生态系统提供的美学景观等文化服务价值量 Value of cultural services such as aesthetic landscape provided by the ecosystem
	物质资本 Physical capital	林草固定资产投资完成额 Amount of forestry fixed assets investment	用于森林生态产品生产供给所投入的林业固定资产自年初累计完成投资额 Total investment of forestry fixed assets invested in the production and supply of forest ecological products since the beginning of the year
	劳动力 Labor	在岗职工年末人员数量 Number of employees at the end of the year	从事森林生态产品供给相关的森林生产加工、营林管护及管理等工作的林业从业人员数量 The number of forestry practitioners engaged in forest production and processing, forest management, and management related to the supply of forest ecological products

产出指标 Output indicators	森林生态产品产值 Output value of Forest ecological products	森林供给型产品产值 Output value of forest supply products	包括：木材与木质类产品加工，经济林产品、花卉和观赏植物种植与采集，非木质林产品加工、陆生野生动物繁育与利用等产值 Output value of wood and wood products processing, economic forest products, flowers and ornamental plant planting and collection, non-wood forest products processing, land wildlife breeding and utilization, etc.
	森林生态产品产值 Output value of Forest ecological products	森林调节支持型产品产值 Output value of forest regulation & support products	包括：为保持水土保持、水源涵养、环境改善，固碳等功能进行的林木培育和种植，营造林，森林管护，以及用于防火、防治病虫害等林业生产服务等产值 Output value of forest cultivation and planting for soil and water conservation, water conservation, environmental improvement, carbon sequestration and other functions, afforestation, forest management and protection, and forest production services such as fire prevention, disease and pest control, etc
		森林文化服务型产品产值 Output value of forest cultural products	包括：森林旅游与休闲服务 Output value of forest tourism and leisure services

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年份 Year	重点国有林区均值 Mean value of key state-owned forest regions	内蒙古均值 Mean value of Inner Mongolia	吉林均值 Mean value of Jilin	长白山均值 Mean value of Changbaishan	龙江均值 Mean value of Longjiang	伊春均值 Mean value of Yichun	大兴安岭均值 Mean value of Daxing’anling
2003	0.43	0.38	0.63	0.50	0.37	0.53	0.20
2004	0.41	0.43	0.43	0.54	0.37	0.53	0.13
2005	0.34	0.35	0.40	0.57	0.23	0.49	0.05
2006	0.47	0.42	0.93	0.70	0.37	0.55	0.02
2007	0.42	0.57	0.65	0.59	0.21	0.44	0.25
2008	0.33	0.42	0.43	0.30	0.22	0.39	0.29
2009	0.49	0.47	0.64	0.54	0.41	0.54	0.47
2010	0.44	0.42	0.57	0.55	0.35	0.47	0.44
2011	0.44	0.27	0.83	0.59	0.31	0.48	0.56
2012	0.51	0.52	0.50	0.49	0.44	0.52	0.65
2013	0.41	0.32	0.56	0.39	0.29	0.48	0.58
2014	0.42	0.37	0.54	0.26	0.35	0.53	0.56
2015	0.43	0.38	0.59	0.16	0.41	0.52	0.55
2016	0.33	0.08	0.75	0.14	0.38	0.47	0.28
2017	0.34	0.13	0.88	0.15	0.38	0.40	0.30
2018	0.32	0.12	0.50	0.19	0.44	0.40	0.24
2019	0.30	0.13	0.76	0.24	0.41	0.14	0.31
2020	0.28	0.09	0.81	0.36	0.38	0.13	0.12
均值Mean	0.39	0.33	0.63	0.40	0.35	0.45	0.33

年份 Year	技术效率 Technical efficiency change	技术进步 Technical progress change	纯技术效率 Pure technical efficiency	规模效率 Scale efficiency	全要素生产率 Total factor productivity
2003—2004	0.995	0.999	1.001	0.994	0.994
2004—2005	0.953	1.108	0.958	0.995	1.056
2005—2006	1.064	0.958	1.100	0.967	1.019
2006—2007	0.936	1.090	0.933	1.003	1.020
2007—2008	0.891	1.201	0.930	0.957	1.069
2008—2009	1.132	0.725	1.081	1.048	0.820
2009—2010	1.031	1.003	1.034	0.998	1.034
2010—2011	0.823	1.273	0.834	0.987	1.048
2011—2012	1.299	0.862	1.184	1.096	1.120
2012—2013	0.967	1.329	1.007	0.960	1.285
2013—2014	0.982	1.071	1.002	0. 980	1.052
2014—2015	1.086	0.982	1.071	1.014	1.067
2015—2016	0.746	1.471	0.758	0.984	1.097
2016—2017	1.094	0.972	1.089	1.004	1.063
2017—2018	0.830	1.278	0.842	0.986	1.061
2018—2019	1.011	0.737	0.955	1.016	0.745
2019—2020	1.031	0.963	1.054	0.978	0.993
均值Mean	0.984	1.042	0.987	0.998	1.025

区域 Region	技术效率 Technical efficiency change	技术进步 Technical progress change	纯技术效率 Pure technical efficiency	规模效率 Scale efficiency	全要素生产率 Total factor productivity
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	0.980	1.071	0.986	0.994	1.049
吉林Jilin	1.014	1.049	1.014	1.000	1.064
长白山Changbaishan	0.985	1.056	0.983	1.003	1.041
龙江Longjiang	0.999	1.027	1.001	0.998	1.026
伊春Yichun	0.947	0.999	0.948	0.998	0.946
大兴安岭Daxing’anling	1.005	1.079	1.009	0.996	1.083
均值Mean value	0.984	1.042	0.987	0.998	1.025

区域 Region	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
区域 Region	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
整体Total	0.90	0.90	1.22	0.93	0.95	1.25	0.81	0.88	1.10
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	1.03	0.83	1.06	0.97	0.66	1.06	0.69	0.73	1.20
吉林Jilin	0.61	0.98	1.02	0.32	0.63	0.96	0.75	0.88	1.05
长白山Changbaishan	0.82	0.73	0.73	0.56	0.64	1.29	0.78	0.80	0.76
龙江Longjiang	0.84	0.90	1.73	1.02	1.46	1.68	0.94	0.95	0.97
伊春Yichun	0.73	0.74	0.91	0.78	0.98	1.14	0.75	0.85	0.91
大兴安岭Daxing’anling	1.39	0.60	1.94	1.96	1.17	1.32	0.91	0.96	0.92

区域 Region	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
区域 Region	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
整体Total	0.82	1.04	0.99	0.92	1.26	1.23	1.24	1.28	1.38
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	0.77	1.24	1.14	1.03	2.90	2.43	2.56	2.45	2.55
吉林Jilin	1.01	0.97	1.00	0.90	0.69	0.54	0.97	0.61	0.44
长白山Changbaishan	0.81	0.90	1.25	0.96	2.17	2.03	1.10	0.98	0.81
龙江Longjiang	0.80	1.15	0.91	0.93	1.00	1.04	0.93	0.99	1.25
伊春Yichun	0.83	0.88	0.80	0.59	0.86	0.89	0.99	1.02	1.42
大兴安岭Daxing’anling	0.71	0.81	0.81	0.82	1.27	1.22	1.39	1.16	0.93

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Evaluation of High-Quality Development in Forestry for Enhancing the Value Realization Efficiency of Forest Ecological Products：Based on the Key State-Owned Forest Regions in Northeast China

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