基于产权叠加效应视角的农户林业生产投入

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240486

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: To clarify the mechanism of the new round of confirming collective forestland property rights on farmers’ forestry production input, and to provide theoretical basis for deepening the reform of collective forestland tenure. Method: On the basis of a unbalanced panel data of 3 158 sample farmers from 18 counties (cities) in 9 provinces (autonomous regions) from 2003 to 2021 and fixed effects models, by identifying the difference of incentive between the existing forestland before the new round of collective forestland tenure reform and the newly acquired forestland after the new round of collective forestland tenure reform and fully considering the social and economic environment changes around the collective forestland tenure reform, the impact of confirming collective forestland property rights on farmers’ forestry production input was estimated, and dynamic impact analysis and heterogeneity analysis were carried out. Result: 1) Confirming collective forestland property rights has a positive incentive effect on farmers’ forestry production input, and the positive cumulative effect of property rights is mainly reflected in forestry investment. 2) Farmers’ forestry production input on existing forestland has an obvious “Ashenfelter’s dip”, and awareness of avoiding property rights risks in capital input is stronger than in labor input. 3) The impact of the confirming collective forestland property rights on farmers’ forestry production input has significant regional and scale heterogeneity. Conclusion: Long-term stable property rights of forestland can effectively motivate farmers to increase forestry production input. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the property rights registration of collective forestland and make up for omissions and correct errors, implement the renewal of forestland contract rights according to local conditions, promote coordinate of high-level protection and high-quality development, and promote the appropriate scale management of collective forestland through mechanism and model innovation.

Key words: the reform of collective forestland tenure, forestry production input, property rights cumulative effect

CLC Number:

S7-9
F307.2

Hao Liu,Liangang Zhang,Can Liu. Farmers’ Forestry Production Input from Perspective of the Property Rights Cumulative Effect[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(10): 211-220.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

The definition and descriptive statistics of main variables"

变量 Variable	代码 Code	2003	2011	2021
林地面积Forestland area/hm²	$ {\mathrm{fa}} $	1.88 (4.05)	2.66 (4.75)	2.61 (6.27)
已发证的林地面积Forestland area (tenure certified)/hm²	$ {\mathrm{fz}} $	0.04 (0.43)	2.19 (4.47)	2.17 (5.88)
既有林地面积Existing forestland area/hm²	$ {\mathrm{fo}} $	1.75 (4.00)	1.74 (3.71)	1.70 (3.87)
已发证的既有林地面积Existing forestland area (tenure certified)/hm²	$ {\mathrm{foz}} $	0.02 (0.22)	1.54 (3.62)	1.52 (3.81)
新增林地面积Newly acquired forestland area/hm²	$ {\mathrm{fn}} $	0.13 (0.74)	0.92 (3.31)	0.91 (5.10)
已发证的新增林地面积 Newly acquired forestland area (tenure certified)/hm²	$ {\mathrm{fnz}} $	0.02 (0.33)	0.65 (2.89)	0.65 (4.59)
林业劳动力投入Forestry labor input/(person·day)	$ {\mathrm{fl}} $	34.08 (973.98)	35.56 (76.01)	17.05 (70.27)
林业资本投入Forestry capital/yuan	$ {\mathrm{fk}} $	782.67 (4 568.31)	863.54 (3 697.36)	1 276.33 (14 905.27)
公益林面积比例The ratio of public welfare forest area	$ {\mathrm{pfr}} $	0.03 (0.16)	0.16 (0.28)	0.34 (0.43)
森林保险投保（是=1；否=0） Household has forest insurance (Yes=1; No=0)	$ {\mathrm{r}}{{\mathrm{p}}_1} $	0.00 (0.00)	0.21 (0.40)	0.48 (0.50)
容易获得林木采伐指标（是=1；否=0） Easiness to obtain allowable annual cut (Yes=1; No=0)	$ {\mathrm{r}}{{\mathrm{p}}_2} $	0.00 (0.00)	0.32 (0.47)	0.41 (0.38)
曾获得林权贷款（是=1；否=0） Obtained forestland tenure mortgage loan (Yes=1; No=0)	$ {\mathrm{r}}{{\mathrm{p}}_3} $	0.00 (0.00)	0.01 (0.12)	0.02 (0.13)
劳动力价格指数（2003年=1）Off-farm wage index (2003 = 1)	$ {\mathrm{m}}{{\mathrm{h}}_1} $	1.00 (0.00)	1.31 (0.28)	3.22 (0.79)
央行1年期存款基准利率Annual interest rate (%)	$ {\mathrm{m}}{{\mathrm{h}}_2} $	1.98 (0.00)	3.25 (0.00)	1.50 (0.00)
木材价格指数（2003年=1）Timber price index (2003 = 1)	$ {\mathrm{m}}{{\mathrm{h}}_3} $	1.00 (0.00)	1.59 (0.34)	2.13 (0.51)
户主年龄Age of head of household/a	$ {\mathrm{h}}{{\mathrm{i}}_1} $	44.55 (10.46)	52.69 (10.50)	60.21 (10.10)
户主受教育年限Years of education of head of household/a	$ {\mathrm{h}}{{\mathrm{i}}_2} $	7.18 (2.67)	7.41 (2.74)	7.45 (3.33)
家庭劳动力数量Labor size of household/person	$ {\mathrm{h}}{{\mathrm{i}}_3} $	2.85 (1.23)	2.84 (1.20)	1.84 (1.28)
家庭总收入Total revenue/yuan	$ {\mathrm{h}}{{\mathrm{i}}_4} $	14 969.75 (23 471.60)	26 809.60 (33 681.72)	39 013.31 (82 266.85)
村庄地处山区（是=1；否=0） Village located in the mountainous area (Yes=1; No=0)	$ {\mathrm{h}}{{\mathrm{v}}_1} $	0.57 (0.50)	0.56 (0.50)	0.48 (0.50)
村庄道路已硬化（是=1；否=0） The village roads have been hardened (Yes=1; No=0)	${\mathrm{ h}}{{\mathrm{v}}_2} $	0.62 (0.48)	0.73 (0.44)	1.00 (0.00)
村庄到县城的距离The distance from the village to county town/km	$ \mathrm{hv_3} $	34.90 (30.47)	35.27 (30.87)	29.76 (26.19)

Table 1

Table 2

Effects of the new round of confirming collective forestland property rights on sample farmers’ forestry labor and capital input"

变量 Variable	ln_林业劳动力投入 ln_Forestry labor input/(person·day)			ln_林业资本投入 ln_Forestry capital/yuan
变量 Variable	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ
林地发证比例 Tenure certified ratio of forestland	0.302^*** (0.082)	0.383^*** (0.096)		0.220^** (0.101)	0.218^** (0.120)
既有林地发证比例 Tenure certified ratio of existing forestland			0.368^*** (0.096)			0.305^*** (0.122)
新增林地发证比例 Tenure certified ratio of newly acquired forestland			0.119^*** (0.024)			0.063 (0.050)
森林保险投保 Household has forest insurance		0.424^*** (0.065)	0.422^*** (0.065)		0.374^*** (0.082)	0.367^*** (0.082)
容易获得林木采伐指标 Easiness to obtain allowable annual cut		0.507^*** (0.076)	0.533^*** (0.076)		0.370^*** (0.095)	0.400^*** (0.095)
曾获得林权贷款 Obtained forestland tenure mortgage loan		0.436 (0.276)	0.447 (0.276)		0.385^*** (0.047)	0.391^*** (0.047)
ln_林业资本投入 ln_Forestry capital	?0.312^*** (0.005)	?0.313^*** (0.005)	?0.341^*** (0.004)
ln_林业劳动力投入 ln_Forestry labor input				?0.493^*** (0.008)	?0.493^*** (0.008)	?0.524^*** (0.007)
ln_林地面积 ln_Forestland area	0.118^*** (0.014)	0.164^*** (0.035)		0.071^** (0.037)	0.071^* (0.040)
ln_既有林地面积 ln_Existing area of forestland			0.134^** (0.063)			0.095^* (0.052)
ln_新增林地面积 ln_Newly acquired area of forestland			0.115^*** (0.019)			0.036^* (0.020)
生态公益林比例 The ratio of public welfare forest area		?0.218^** (0.092)	?0.219^** (0.092)		?0.324^*** (0.126)	?0.321^** (0.126)
ln_户主年龄 ln_Age of head of household		7.443^** (3.689)	7.303^** (3.696)		10.121^** (4.494)	9.593^** (4.500)
ln_户主年龄的平方 Square of ln_Age of head of household		?1.016^** (0.477)	?0.999^** (0.477)		?1.226^** (0.580)	?1.159^** (0.581)
ln_户主受教育年限 ln_Years of education of head of household		0.035 (0.026)	0.036 (0.026)		0.066^** (0.032)	0.067^** (0.032)
ln_家庭劳动力数 ln_Labor size of household		0.010 (0.019)	0.009 (0.019)
ln_总收入 ln_Total revenue					0.253^*** (0.022)	0.253^*** (0.022)
村庄地处山区 Village located in the mountainous area		?0.389^** (0.158)	?0.343^** (0.159)		?0.786^*** (0.200)	?0.724^*** (0.200)
村庄道路已硬化 The village roads have been hardened		0.416^*** (0.093)	0.410^*** (0.093)		0.078 (0.117)	0.053 (0.117)
ln_所在村到县城的距离 ln_The distance from the village to county town		?0.156 (0.135)	?0.165 (0.135)		?0.251 (0.169)	?0.264 (0.169)
劳动力价格指数 Off-farm wage index		?0.909^*** (0.058)	?0.916^*** (0.058)		?0.264^*** (0.072)	?0.268^*** (0.072)
央行1年期存款基准利率 Annual interest rate		0.055 (0.038)	0.053 (0.038)		?0.163^*** (0.040)	?0.172^*** (0.043)
木材价格指数 Timber price index		0.108 (0.109)	0.093 (0.109)		0.308^*** (0.086)	0.314^*** (0.087)
时期Period (t)	?0.107^*** (0.004)	?0.010 (0.013)	?0.004 (0.013)	?0.140^*** (0.005)	?0.124^*** (0.017)	?0.119^*** (0.017)
截距Intercept	0.270 (0.247)	?13.704^** (6.910)	?11.548^* (6.685)	?0.460^*** (0.061)	?24.334^*** (8.819)	?21.320^** (8.972)
样本数 Observation	32 600	32 600	32 600	32 600	32 600	32 600
R²	0.320	0.283	0.283	0.284	0.259	0.201

Table 2

Table 3

Dynamic effects of the tenure certified of existing forestland on sample farmers’ forestry labor and capital input"

变量 Variable	ln_林业劳动力投入 ln_Forestry labor input/(person·day)	ln_林业资本投入 ln_Forestry capital/yuan
既有林地面积×发证前第7年 Existing forestland area × 7th year before the tenure certified	0.141^*** (0.015)	0.110^** (0.040)
既有林地面积×发证前第6年 Existing forestland area × 6th year before the tenure certified	0.142^*** (0.016)	0.083^* (0.050)
既有林地面积×发证前第5年 Existing forestland area × 5th year before the tenure certified	0.136^*** (0.031)	0.098^** (0.046)
既有林地面积×发证前第4年 Existing forestland area × 4th year before the tenure certified	0.114^** (0.052)	0.084^* (0.048)
既有林地面积×发证前第3年 Existing forestland area × 3rd year before the tenure certified	0.128^*** (0.029)	0.061 (0.052)
既有林地面积×发证前第2年 Existing forestland area × 2nd year before the tenure certified	0.096 (0.071)	0.103 (0.077)
既有林地面积×发证前第1年 Existing forestland area × 1st year before the tenure certified	0.116^* (0.069)	0.045 (0.039)
既有林地面积×发证当年 Existing forestland area × year of the tenure certified	0.111 (0.073)	0.046 (0.037)
既有林地面积×发证后第1年 Existing forestland area × 1st year after the tenure certified	0.133^*** (0.013)	0.084^** (0.041)
既有林地面积×发证后第2年 Existing forestland area × 2nd year after the tenure certified	0.233^*** (0.047)	0.127^* (0.071)
既有林地面积×发证后第3年 Existing forestland area × 3rd year after the tenure certified	0.343^*** (0.121)	0.151^*** (0.017)
既有林地面积×发证后第4年 Existing forestland area × 4th year after the tenure certified	0.149^*** (0.055)	0.202^** (0.082)
既有林地面积×发证后第5年 Existing forestland area × 5th year after the tenure certified	0.163^*** (0.048)	0.097^** (0.044)
既有林地面积×发证后第6年 Existing forestland area × 6th year after the tenure certified	0.135^* (0.069)	0.124^** (0.049)
既有林地面积×发证后第7年 Existing forestland area × 7th year after the tenure certified	0.148^** (0.068)	0.087^* (0.045)
既有林地面积×发证后第8年 Existing forestland area × 8th year after the tenure certified	0.154^** (0.070)	0.121^** (0.056)
既有林地面积×发证后第9年 Existing forestland area × 9th year after the tenure certified	0.216^*** (0.009)	0.241^*** (0.023)
既有林地面积×发证后第10年 Existing forestland area × 10th year after the tenure certified	0.172^*** (0.019)	0.161^*** (0.009)
既有林地面积×发证后第11年 Existing forestland area × 11th year after the tenure certified	0.248^*** (0.077)	0.130^** (0.066)
既有林地面积×发证后第12年 Existing forestland area × 12th year after the tenure certified	0.132^* (0.073)	0.079 (0.057)
既有林地面积×发证后第13年 Existing forestland area × 13th year after the tenure certified	0.132^** (0.060)	0.099 (0.067)
既有林地面积×发证后第14年 Existing forestland area × 14th year after the tenure certified	0.122^** (0.062)	0.210^** (0.104)
既有林地面积×发证后第15年 Existing forestland area × 15th year after the tenure certified	0.102 (0.083)	0.174^* (0.101)
既有林地面积×发证后第16年 Existing forestland area × 16th year after the tenure certified	0.145^* (0.083)	0.101 (0.074)
既有林地面积×发证后第17年 Existing forestland area × 17th year after the tenure certified	0.119^* (0.070)	0.111^* (0.065)

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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变量 Variable	山东 Shandong	辽宁 Liaoning	河南 Henan	四川 Sichuan	浙江 Zhejiang	福建 Fujian	湖南 Hunan	江西 Jiangxi	广西 Guangxi
变量 Variable	ln_林业劳动力投入ln_Forestry labor input/(person·day)
既有林地发证比例 Tenure certified ratio of existing forestland	0.149^** (0.063)	0.381^*** (0.107)	0.230^** (0.111)	0.107^* (0.062)	0.094^* (0.055)	0.116 (0.083)	0.168^** (0.081)	0.421^*** (0.089)	0.532^*** (0.162)
新增林地发证比例 Tenure certified ratio of newly acquired forestland	0.058 (0.041)	0.090 (0.669)	0.131^** (0.061)	0.253^* (0.139)	0.062 (0.043)	0.442^*** (0.107)	0.144^** (0.072)	0.108^* (0.056)	0.275^*** (0.100)
	ln_林业资本投入ln_Forestry capital input/yuan
既有林地发证比例 Tenure certified ratio of existing forestland	0.104^** (0.045)	0.316^*** (0.066)	0.138^* (0.079)	0.201^* (0.120)	0.172 (0.141)	0.217 (0.167)	0.172^* (0.097)	0.369^** (0.180)	0.447^*** (0.153)
新增林地发证比例 Tenure certified ratio of newly acquired forestland	0.042 (0.031)	0.740 (0.052)	0.028 (0.020)	0.130^* (0.074)	0.178^* (0.107)	0.260^*** (0.021)	0.037 (0.029)	0.121 (0.089)	0.156^** (0.063)

变量 Variable	小规模（林地面积≤0.33 hm²） Smallest scale （forestland area ≤ 0.33 hm²）	较小规模（0.33 hm² < 林地面积≤1.67 hm²） Smaller scale （0.33 hm² <forestland area ≤1.67 hm²）	中等规模（1.67 hm²<林地面积≤3.33 hm²） Medium scale （1.67 hm²<forestland area ≤3.33 hm²）	较大规模（3.33 hm²< 林地面积≤6.67 hm²） Larger scale （3.33 hm²<forestland area ≤6.67 hm²）	大规模（6.67 hm²< 林地面积） Largest scale （6.67 hm²< forestland area）
变量 Variable	ln_林业劳动力投入ln_Forestry labor input/(person·day)
既有林地发证比例 Tenure certified ratio of existing forestland	0.192 (0.153)	0.417^*** (0.086)	0.288^** (0.129)	0.261 (0.190)	0.433 (0.330)
新增林地发证比例 Tenure certified ratio of newly acquired forestland	0.285 (0.202)	0.350^** (0.121)	0.432^** (0.209)	0.055 (0.042)	0.017 (0.011)
	ln_林业资本投入 ln_Forestry capital/yuan
既有林地发证比例 Tenure certified ratio of existing forestland	0.214 (0.147)	0.179 (0.128)	0.233^* (0.139)	0.642^*** (0.098)	0.406^* (0.221)
新增林地发证比例 Tenure certified ratio of newly acquired forestland	0.038 (0.027)	0.201 (0.165)	0.334 (0.207)	0.287^* (0.159)	0.062 (0.055)

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Farmers’ Forestry Production Input from Perspective of the Property Rights Cumulative Effect

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