林地产权安全对林农非木质林产品经营投入的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240421

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study quantitatively analyzes the impacts and mechanisms of various aspects of property rights security on rural households’ motivations to manage non-timber forest. The findings aim to provide decision-making insights for advancing reform of the collective forest rights system. Method: This research conducted a sample survey of 582 households in the collective forest areas of Zhejiang and Jiangxi. By applying the entropy method and Tobit model, we empirically estimated the effect of property rights security on households' investments in non-timber forest management. Furthermore, a mediating effect model of perceived property rights security was constructed to examine its role in mediating the effects of legal and factual property rights security on these investments. Result: 1) Both legal and factual property rights security significantly promoted labor inputs and cash inputs by farmers. 2) Perceived property rights security partially mediated the impact of legal property rights security on the labor and cash inputs in non-timber forest management, with mediation effects of 36.5% and 49.1%, respectively. Similarly, perceived property rights security also had a partial mediating effect on the impact of factual property rights security on labor and cash inputs, with mediation strengths of 24.9% and 26.1%, respectively. 3) The impact of property rights security varies among farmers with different forest sizes and income levels; those with smaller forest areas and lower forestry income levels are more vulnerable to property rights insecurity. Conclusion: To deepen the reform of the collective forest rights system, it is necessary not only to strengthen policy implementation at both legal and factual levels, but also to correctly guide the perceptions of farmers, effectively transforming policy effects into the subjective cognition of farmers, thereby enhancing their enthusiasm for managing non-timber forest products.

Key words: collective forest rights system reform, property rights security, non-timber forest product, labor input, cash investment

CLC Number:

S7-9
F307.2

Fangting Xie,Jianling Shi,Zhen Zhu,Yueqin Shen. Impact of Forest Property Rights Security on Rural Households’ Inputs in Non-Timber Forest Management[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(8): 204-218.

Figures/Tables 14

Table 1

Table 2

Variable indicators and descriptions"

变量 Variable	变量定义 Variable definitions	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
用工投入 Labor input	农户一轮经营周期内每公顷工日投入（包括自用工和雇工） Farmers’ labor input per hectare (including self-employed and hired workers) in a round of management cycle/d	0	3 277.500	404.859	458.801
资本投入 Cash investment	农户一轮经营周期内每公顷资本投入（包括种子、农药、化肥、机械等资本投入） Farmers’ cash investment per hectare in a round of management cycle (including seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, machinery, etc.)/yuan	0	419 550	32 115.660	54 377.75
林权证 Forest tenure certificates	林权证持有情况（1 = 没有林权证；2 = 部分林地有林权证； 3 = 所有林地有林权证） Holding of forest tenure certificates (1 = No forest tenure certificate; 2 = Some forest land has forest tenure certificates; 3 = All forest land has forest tenure certificates)	1	3	2.562	0.786
承包期 Contract period	根据林农所剩的承包期限进行赋值（1 = 30年以下；2 = 30~45年； 3 = 45~60年；4 = 60~70年） Assignment is based on the remaining contract period of the forest farmer (1 = Less than 30 years; 2 = 30?45 years; 3 = 45?60 years; 4 = 60?70 years)	1	4	2.586	1.414
无纠纷 Dispute-free	林地是否存在纠纷（1 = 否；0 = 是） Whether there is a dispute over the forestland (1 = No; 0 = Yes)	0	1	0.907	0.290
林地四至 Forest boundaries	林地四至是否清晰（1 = 不清晰；2 = 比较不清晰；3 = 一般； 4 = 比较清晰；5 = 清晰） Whether the boundaries of the forestland is clear (1=Unclear; 2=Relatively unclear; 3=General; 4=Relatively clear; 5=Clear)	1	5	3.897	1.508
保障感知 Assurance perception	您是否认为您家林地权益受到保障1~5打分（1 = 不同意； 5 = 完全同意） Do you think your family’s forestland rights are protected, score 1?5 (1 = Disagree; 5 = Completely agree)	1	5	3.229	1.505
调整感知 Adjust perception	家庭林地未来是否会进行调整（1 = 调整；2 = 不确定；3 = 不调整） Whether there will be adjustments to the family forestland in the future (1 = Adjustment; 2 = Uncertain; 3 = No adjustment)	1	3	2.570	0.715
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	熵值法测算林权证、承包期指标 The entropy value method was used to measure the index of forest tenure certificate and contract period	0	1	0.536	0.397
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	熵值法测算林地纠纷、林地四至指标 The entropy value method was used to measure the index of dispute-free and forest boundaries	0	1	0.699	0.355
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	熵值法测算保障感知、调整感知指标 The entropy value method was used to measure the index of assurance perception and adjust perception	0	1	0.568	0.339
年龄 Age	户主年龄 Age of the head of household/10 years old	2.600	9.100	5.988	0.972
教育程度 Educational attainment	户主接受教育的年限 Number of years of education for the head of household/a	0	17	7.196	3.553
非农人口 Non-farm population	家庭从事非农业劳动人口数量 Number of laborers engaged in non-agricultural sector within a household	0	8	1.192	1.104
务农人口 Farming population	家庭从事农业劳动的人口数量 Number of laborers engaged in agricultural within a household	0	4	1.660	0.775
林业收入 Forestry income	农户家庭的林业收入 Forestry income of rural households/yuan	0	400 000	38 476.500	84 635.590
林地数量 Number of forest tracts	农户家庭拥有的林地数量 The number of forest tracts	0	21	3.046	2.725
林地面积 Forestland area	农户家庭拥有的林地面积 Area of forestland/hm²	0.033	42.021	2.231	4.635
林地距离 Forestland distance	农户林地离家的距离 Distance from home’ to forestland/10 km	0	2	0.238	0.264
毛竹 Moso bamboo	农户种植品种是否为毛竹（1 = 是；0 = 否） Whether the farmer’s planting variety is moso bamboo (1 = Yes; 0 = No)	0	1	0.216	0.412
油茶 Camellia oleifera	农户种植品种是否为油茶（1 = 是；0 = 否） Whether the farmer’s planting variety is Camellia oleifera (1 = Yes; 0 = No)	0	1	0.309	0.463
茶叶 Tea	农户种植品种是否为茶叶（1 = 是；0 = 否） Whether the farmer's planting variety is tea (1 = Yes; 0 = No)	0	1	0.363	0.481
人均收入 Per capita income	村庄中所有农户的人均可支配收入 Per capita disposable income in the village/yuan	3 500	56 200	23 104.124	13 036.858
村庄距离 Village distance	村委会离乡镇政府的距离 Distance from village to the town/10 km	0	2	0.483	0.451

Table 2

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一级指标 Primary index	二级指标 Secondary index	权重 Weight	属性 Attribute
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	林权证 Forest tenure certificates	0.282	正向Positive
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	承包期 Contract period	0.718	正向Positive
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	无纠纷 Dispute-free	0.317	正向Positive
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	林地四至 Forest boundaries	0.683	正向Positive
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	保障感知 Assurance perception	0.655	正向Positive
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	调整感知 Adjust perception	0.345	正向Positive

变量Variable	低用工投入 Low labor input	高用工投入 High labor input	低资本投入 Low cash investment	高资本投入 High cash investment
林权证Forest tenure certificates	2.52	2.64	2.51	2.67
承包期Contract period	2.38	2.97	2.44	2.89
无纠纷Dispute-free	0.89	0.93	0.89	0.93
林地四至Forest boundaries	3.68	4.29	3.74	4.22
保障感知Assurance perception	2.99	3.81	2.98	3.74
调整感知Adjust perception	2.55	2.63	2.52	2.67

变量Variable	模型1 Model 1	模型2 Model 2	模型3 Model 3
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	1.075^***		0.744^***
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	(0.198)		(0.197)
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		2.198^***	1.938^***
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		(0.276)	(0.281)
年龄 Age	?0.101	?0.044	?0.066
年龄 Age	(0.079)	(0.077)	(0.076)
教育程度 Educational attainment	?0.029	?0.038^*	?0.032
教育程度 Educational attainment	(0.021)	(0.021)	(0.021)
非农人口 Non-farm population	?0.136^**	?0.067	?0.075
非农人口 Non-farm population	(0.068)	(0.067)	(0.066)
务农人口 Farming population	0.323^***	0.262^***	0.258^***
务农人口 Farming population	(0.092)	(0.090)	(0.089)
林业收入 Forestry income	0.089^***	0.072^***	0.070^***
林业收入 Forestry income	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.019)
林地数量 Number of forest tracts	0.051^*	0.053^**	0.052^**
林地数量 Number of forest tracts	(0.027)	(0.026)	(0.026)
林地面积 Forestland area	0.072	0.029	0.053
林地面积 Forestland area	(0.069)	(0.067)	(0.067)
林地距离 Forestland distance	?1.608^***	?1.537^***	?1.496^***
林地距离 Forestland distance	(0.270)	(0.263)	(0.260)
毛竹 Moso bamboo	?0.718^***	?0.641^***	?0.627^**
毛竹 Moso bamboo	(0.254)	(0.248)	(0.245)
油茶 Camellia oleifera	0.133	0.143	0.167
油茶 Camellia oleifera	(0.255)	(0.248)	(0.245)
茶叶 Tea	0.721^***	0.670^***	0.667^***
茶叶 Tea	(0.245)	(0.238)	(0.235)
人均收入 Per capita income	0.015	0.275^*	0.359^**
人均收入 Per capita income	(0.157)	(0.160)	(0.159)
村庄距离 Village distance	0.154	?0.126	0.003
村庄距离 Village distance	(0.169)	(0.162)	(0.164)
常数项 Constant	3.827^**	0.247	?0.828
常数项 Constant	(1.654)	(1.725)	(1.727)
Log likelihood	?1 109.699	?1 093.882	?1 086.801
LR chi²	255.480	287.110	301.270
Prob > chi²	0.000	0.000	0.000
样本量Observations	582	582	582

变量Variable	模型4 Model 4	模型5 Model 5	模型6 Model 6
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	1.221^***		0.738^*
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	(0.419)		(0.424)
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		3.082^***	2.825^***
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		(0.589)	(0.606)
年龄 Age	0.036	0.109	0.088
年龄 Age	(0.166)	(0.164)	(0.164)
教育程度 Educational attainment	?0.026	?0.036	?0.030
教育程度 Educational attainment	(0.045)	(0.044)	(0.044)
非农人口 Non-farm population	?0.232	?0.136	?0.144
非农人口 Non-farm population	(0.144)	(0.143)	(0.142)
务农人口 Farming population	0.664^***	0.574^***	0.570^***
务农人口 Farming population	(0.193)	(0.192)	(0.191)
林业收入 Forestry income	0.139^***	0.114^***	0.112^***
林业收入 Forestry income	(0.041)	(0.041)	(0.040)
林地数量 Number of forest tracts	0.032	0.042	0.032
林地数量 Number of forest tracts	(0.058)	(0.057)	(0.057)
林地面积 Forestland area	0.142	0.091	0.114
林地面积 Forestland area	(0.146)	(0.143)	(0.144)
林地距离 Forestland distance	?2.615^***	?2.492^***	?2.451^***
林地距离 Forestland distance	(0.571)	(0.562)	(0.561)
毛竹 Moso bamboo	?3.120^***	?3.001^***	?2.987^***
毛竹 Moso bamboo	(0.537)	(0.529)	(0.528)
油茶 Camellia oleifera	?1.639^***	?1.613^***	?1.589^***
油茶 Camellia oleifera	(0.539)	(0.530)	(0.529)
茶叶 Tea	1.921^***	1.846^***	1.842^***
茶叶 Tea	(0.517)	(0.509)	(0.508)
人均收入 Per capita income	?0.435	?0.017	0.066
人均收入 Per capita income	(0.333)	(0.342)	(0.344)
村庄距离 Village distance	?0.137	?0.486	?0.358
村庄距离 Village distance	(0.357)	(0.347)	(0.353)
常数项 Constant	9.712^***	3.995	2.929
常数项 Constant	(3.496)	(3.688)	(3.729)
Log likelihood	?1 545.346	?1 536.197	?1 534.689
LR chi²	289.720	308.020	311.040
Prob > chi²	0.000	0.000	0.000
样本量Observations	582	582	582

变量Variable	模型7 Model 7	模型8 Model 8	模型9 Model 9	模型10 Model 10
变量Variable	用工投入 Labor input	感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	用工投入 Labor input	用工投入 Labor input
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	1.075^***	0.224^***		0.682^***
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	(0.198)	(0.031)		(0.200)
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security			2.012^***	1.754^***
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security			(0.250)	(0.259)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
常数项 Constant	3.827^**	1.560^***	2.202	1.090
常数项 Constant	(1.654)	(0.258)	(1.626)	(1.643)
Soble	Z=4.912 >1.96
Bookstrap (1 000)	[0.235，0.572]
样本量Observations	582	582	582	582

Impact of Forest Property Rights Security on Rural Households’ Inputs in Non-Timber Forest Management

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变量Variable	模型11 Model 11	模型12 Model 12	模型13 Model 13	模型14 Model 14
变量Variable	资本投入 Cash investment	感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	资本投入 Cash investment	资本投入 Cash investment
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	1.221^***	0.224^***		0.620
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	(0.419)	(0.031)		(0.430)
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security			2.912^***	2.678^***
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security			(0.534)	(0.557)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
常数项 Constant	9.712^***	1.560^***	3.403	2.549
常数项 Constant	(3.496)	(0.258)	(2.536)	(2.581)
Sobel	Z=3.965 >1.96
Bookstrap (1 000)	[0.273，0.934]
样本量Observations	582	582	582	582

变量Variable	模型15 Model 15	模型16 Model 16	模型17 Model 17	模型18 Model 18
变量Variable	用工投入 Labor input	感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	用工投入 Labor input	用工投入 Labor input
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	2.198^***	0.359^***		1.651^***
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	(0.276)	(0.044)		(0.283)
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security			2.012^***	1.523^***
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security			(0.250)	(0.257)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
常数项 Constant	0.171	1.094^***	1.058	?1.418
常数项 Constant	(1.130)	(0.273)	(1.056)	(1.698)
Sobel	Z=4.759 >1.96
Bookstrap (1 000)	[0.309，0.823]
样本量Observations	582	582	582	582

变量Variable	模型19 Model 19	模型20 Model 20	模型21 Model 21	模型22 Model 22
变量Variable	资本投入 Cash investment	感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	资本投入 Cash investment	资本投入 Cash investment
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	3.082^***	0.359^***		2.279^***
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	(0.589)	(0.044)		(0.615)
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security			2.912^***	2.237^***
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security			(0.534)	(0.559)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
常数项 Constant	1.737	1.094^***	3.403	1.548
常数项 Constant	(2.698)	(0.273)	(2.536)	(3.689)
Sobel	Z=3.559 >1.96
Bookstrap (1 000)	[0.321，1.284]
样本量Observations	582	582	582	582

变量 Variable	模型23 Model 23	模型24 Model 24	模型25 Model 25	模型26 Model 26
	第一阶段 First stage	第二阶段 Second stage	第一阶段 First stage	第二阶段 Second stage
	感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	用工投入 Labor input	感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security	资本投入 Cash investment
村感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security of village	0.136^***		0.136^***
村感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security of village	(0.033)		(0.033)
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security		2.965^*		7.906^**
感知产权安全 Perceived property rights security		(1.567)		(3.595)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
常数项 Constant	0.507^*	?3.328	0.507^*	?3.738
常数项 Constant	(0.278)	(2.186)	(0.278)	(5.014)
样本量Observations	582	582	582	582
弱工具变量检验 Weak instrumental variable test	17.422 1		17.422 1

变量 Variable	模型27 Model 27	模型28 Model 28	模型29 Model 29	模型30 Model 30
	小规模 Small-scale	大规模 Big-scale	小规模 Small-scale	大规模 Big-scale
	用工投入 Labor input	用工投入 Labor input	资本投入 Cash investment	资本投入 Cash investment
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	0.659^***	0.555	1.122^**	?0.839
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	(0.209)	(0.435)	(0.455)	(1.029)
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	1.715^***	2.331^***	2.790^***	1.501
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	(0.300)	(0.621)	(0.653)	(1.468)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
常数项 Constant	1.596	?5.049	4.931	?5.702
常数项 Constant	(1.805)	(4.283)	(3.926)	(10.122)
Log likelihood	?829.593	?224.483	?1 189.228	?326.832
LR chi²	292.360	72.860	297.500	49.690
Prob > chi²	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
样本量Observations	463	119	463	119

变量 Variable	模型31 Model 31	模型32 Model 32	模型33 Model 33	模型34 Model 34
	低收入 Low-incomes	高收入 High-incomes	低收入 Low-incomes	高收入 High-incomes
	用工投入 Labor input	用工投入 Labor input	资本投入 Cash investment	资本投入 Cash investment
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	0.696^***	0.622	0.725	0.605
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	(0.217)	(0.391)	(0.487)	(0.714)
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	2.010^***	1.305^**	2.896^***	1.645
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security	(0.304)	(0.590)	(0.682)	(1.077)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
常数项 Constant	?1.071	4.646	4.976	2.425
常数项 Constant	(1.922)	(3.765)	(4.316)	(6.877)
Log likelihood	?871.666	?180.281	?1 248.757	?250.146
LR chi²	245.600	91.220	219.310	78.010
Prob > chi²	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
样本量Observations	466	116	466	116

变量Variable	模型35 Model 35	模型36 Model 36	模型37 Model 37
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	1.075^***		0.744^***
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	(0.201)		(0.199)
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		2.198^***	1.938^***
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		(0.279)	(0.285)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
常数项 Constant	3.827^**	0.247	?0.828
常数项 Constant	(1.676)	(1.747)	(1.751)
样本量Observations	582	582	582
Adj. R²	0.339	0.374	0.388

变量Variable	模型38 Model 38	模型39 Model 39	模型40 Model 40
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	1.221^***		0.738^*
法律产权安全 Legal property rights security	(0.425)		(0.430)
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		3.082^***	2.825^***
事实产权安全 Factual property rights security		(0.597)	(0.615)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
常数项 Constant	9.712^***	3.995	2.929
常数项 Constant	(3.542)	(3.736)	(3.781)
样本量Observations	582	582	582
Adj. R²	0.377	0.396	0.398

[1]	Zhen Zhu,Yu Wang,Chenchen Xia,Wenrong Qian,Can Liu. Impact of Management Rights Security on Forestry Infrastructure Investment of Large-Scale Households: Based on Large-Scale Household Survey in 8 Provinces [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(6): 196-208.
[2]	Zhen Zhu,Yuchen Yao,Han Shen,Han Zhang,Wenrong Qian,Zheyi Zhu. Has Cooperative Integration Promoted Farmers’ “Fertilizer and Pesticide Double Reduction” Behaviors? The Case from Non-Timber Forest Product Management in Zhejiang Province [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(4): 215-230.
[3]	Xue Caixia, Yao Shunbo. Impact of Labor Allocation on Households' Option Behavior for Non-Timber Forest Products: Based on the Survey Data from 1 131 Households of Shaanxi and Sichuan Provinces in China [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(1): 128-140.