点云语义引导的无人机激光雷达单木分割与参数估算

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250136

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: To address crown overlap, sparse stem points, and noise interference in unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning (ULS) point clouds for individual tree segmentation (ITS) and parameter estimation in eucalyptus plantations, a semantic-guided method for individual tree segmentation and parameter extraction was developed to improve segmentation accuracy and parameter estimation performance. Method: Gaofeng Forest Farm in Nanning, Guangxi was selected as the study area, and a complete point-cloud processing workflow was established. A deep learning model was used to perform semantic segmentation on point clouds, the point clouds were classified into semantic categories, including stems, leaves, and ground. Subsequently, a hybrid algorithm combining density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) was used for individual tree segmentation by incorporating semantic information. To counter the sparsity of ULS point clouds at the stem level, stem curve fitting was adopted for diameter at breast height (DBH) estimation, and a height pseudo-waveform method was employed for tree height estimation. The proposed method was validated across plots with varying structural complexities to assess its applicability and accuracy. Result: Experimental results showed that high ITS accuracy was achieved in the eucalyptus plantations, with an overall recall of 0.92, precision of 0.95, and an average F-score of 0.93. For individual tree parameter estimation, tree height estimation showed a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.98 with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.03 m. DBH estimation yielded an R² of 0.81 and an RMSE of 2.96 cm. Conclusion: The proposed method enables accurate individual tree segmentation and parameter extraction from ULS point clouds in eucalyptus plantations, indicating that semantic guidance can improve the applicability of ULS point clouds for individual-tree-level analysis. This study provides a reference for the efficient use of ULS data in forest resource monitoring.

Key words: individual tree segmentation, individual tree parameters, light detectionand ranging (LiDAR), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), point cloud

CLC Number:

S758.5

Yining Lian,Hao Lu,Yongjian Huai,Haifeng Xu,Langning Huo,Zhichao Wang. Point Cloud Semantic-Guided Individual Tree Segmentation and Parameter Estimation Using UAV Laser Scanning[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(4): 106-117.

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样地 Plot	地形 Terrain	树种 Tree species	林分类型 Stand type	株数密度 Density/ (tree?hm^?2)	点云密度 Point cloud density/ (pts·m^?2)	平均胸径 Average DBH/cm	平均树高 Average tree height/m	平均冠幅（南北） Average crown width (N-S)/m
1	缓坡 Gentle slope	桉树 Eucalyptus spp.	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	650	1 242	25.1	33.7	3.2
2	陡坡 Steep slope	桉树 Eucalyptus spp.	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	2 100	1 040	9.79	12.1	2.2
3	陡坡 Steep slope	桉树 Eucalyptus spp.	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	2 867	756	11.6	15.8	2.8

样地 Plot	语义引导的单木分割 Semantic-guided individual tree segmentation			标记控制的分水岭单木分割 Marker-controlled watershed individual tree segmentation
样地 Plot	召回率 Recall (Re)	精确率 Precision (Pr)	F分数 F-score (F)	召回率 Recall (Re)	精确率 Precision (Pr)	F分数 F-score (F)
1	0.97	1.00	0.98	0.67	0.15	0.25
2	0.92	0.95	0.94	1.00	0.24	0.39
3	0.86	0.90	0.87	0.91	0.18	0.30

组Group	RMSE/cm	RMSE%	Bias/cm	Bias%
无人机?调查 ULS-survey	2.96	20.27	?0.86	?5.88
地基?调查 TLS-survey	0.90	6.17	0.06	0.41
无人机?地基 ULS-TLS	3.20	22.00	?0.92	?6.31

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Point Cloud Semantic-Guided Individual Tree Segmentation and Parameter Estimation Using UAV Laser Scanning

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