Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the population changes and migration patterns of Emberiza rustica (rustic bunting), so as to provide a scientific basis for assessing population dynamics and developing conservation management strategies for this species. Method: The data from the Qinhuangdao Bird Banding Station from 1999 to 2020 were used to analyze the population dynamics and migration timing of rustic buntings. The Berger-Parker dominance index was employed to reflect the number of rustic buntings captured per unit net catch effort, thereby measuring the annual population size index. Result: A total of 5257 rustic buntings were netted over the 22 consecutive years. The results indicated that the population of rustic buntings migrating through Qinhuangdao exhibited a notable growth trajectory though with fluctuations. The migration process of rustic buntings in spring was significantly faster than that in autumn, and the autumn migration phenology exhibited a delayed trend. The adults migrated earlier than sub-adults in spring, and there was no significant difference in the migration timing between male and female birds in the two seasons. Conclusion: Over the 22 years, the number of rustic buntings captured via mist-netting in Qinhuangdao has significantly increased, which contrasts with the overall population trend along the migration route. The reason for this regional increasing trend may be that climate change has led to the northward expansion of more individuals to Qinhuangdao for wintering. Male and female rustic buntings exhibit differential migration patterns in spring, while their autumn migration is delayed due to the influence of climate change.

Key words: Emberiza rustica, Qinhuangdao, population dynamics, migration timing, bird banding