蒙古国大戈壁保护区A区木贼麻黄、大白刺和小果白刺种群结构与动态特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240225

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The aim of this paper was to elucidate the population density, age structure, quantity dynamics of Ephedra equisetina, Nitraria roborowskii and N. sibirica distributed in great Gobi A strictly protected area (GGSPA) in Mongolia, and predict their future development trend, so as to provide decision-making references for the protection and management of Ursus arctos gobiensis from the perspective of edible plants. Method: Sample plots and transect lines were set up in the Atas Inges（AI）, Shar Khuls（SK） and Tsagaan Bogd（TB） oases and their surrounding areas of GGSPA based on the terrain and topography of the distribution of E. equisetina, N. roborowskii and N. sibirica, and the population structure of these three species was investigated. The methods of“space replacing time”and smoothing-out were applied to compile a specific time life tables for the three plant populations, and plot their survival and mortality curves. The population dynamics was analyzed through the quantitative analyses of populations, and finally the development trend was predicted by applying a time series model. Result: 1) The population density of E. equisetina and N. roborowskii in AI was the highest, while the population density in SK was the lowest. The population density of N. sibirica in TB was the highest, while the population density in AI was the lowest. 2) At the current stage of succession, the populations of E. equisetina in AI, SK and TB were mainly composed of middle-aged individuals. The AI population showed a growing pattern, while the populations in SK and TB showed a declining pattern. All the populations of N. roborowskii and N. sibirica were mainly composed of young and middle-aged individuals, and showed a growing pattern. However, there was a significant shortage of seedlings in the population of N. roborowskii in SK and the population of N. sibirica in AI. 3) The survival curves of all the populations of E. equisetina and N. roborowskii, as well as the population of N. sibirica in AI showed the Deevey-Ⅱ type, while the survival curves of populations of N. sibirica in SK and TB exhibited the Deevey-Ⅰ type. 4) The mortality rates of all the populations of these three species showed a fluctuating upward trend with age. 5) Dynamic indexes and time series analyses showed that the population structures of E. equisetina in SK and TB were not stable enough, and the population in SK was highly sensitive to external random disturbances. The population structures of N. roborowskii and N. sibirica were stable, but all the populations were highly sensitive to external random disturbances. Conclusion: At the current stage of succession, the populations of E. equisetina in SK and TB show a declining type and their population structure is unstable. The population in SK is highly sensitive to external random disturbances. The current population structures of N. roborowskii and N. sibirica are stable, but all the populations are highly sensitive to external random disturbances. The insufficient number of seedlings of the N. roborowskii population in SK and the N. sibirica population in AI would ultimately lead to population decline.

Key words: great Gobi A strictly protected area (GGSPA), Ephedra equisetina, Nitraria roborowskii, Nitraria sibirica, population structure, population dynamics

CLC Number:

S718.3

Aili Qin,Guangliang Li,Urgamal Magsar,Yadong Xue,Nyamjav Javkhlan,Jia Li,Batsaikhan Munkh-Erdene,Ge Sun,Indree Tuvshintogtokh,Wenfa Xiao,Kun Jin. Population Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Ephedra equisetina, Nitraria roborowskii and Nitraria sibirica Distributed in Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area in Mongolia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(4): 92-103.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Table 1

The information of sample plots or transect lines of E. equisetina, N. roborowskii and N. sibirica"

物种 Species	绿洲 Oases	编号 Code	经度 Longitude(E)/(°)	纬度 Latitude(N)/(°)	海拔 Altitude/m	样地/样线大小 Size of plot or line	样方个数 Number of quadrats	样地/样线面积 Area of plot or line/m²
木贼麻黄 E. equisetina	AI	E052601-1	96.407 8	43.399 1	1 492	50 m×5 m	10	250
		E052601-4				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E052601-5				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E052601-2				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E052601-3				45 m×5 m	9	225
		E052701-1	96.327 2	43.289 0	1 568	20 m×5 m	4	100
		E052701-2				15 m×5 m	3	75
		E052701-3				40 m×5 m	8	200
		E052702-1	96.412 4	43.314 7	1 736	35 m×5 m	7	175
		E052702-2				15 m×5 m	3	75
		E052702-3				25 m×5 m	5	125
		E052703-1	96.406 7	43.329 7	1 681	50 m×5 m	10	250
		E052801-1	96.836 6	43.337 3	1 843	40 m×5 m	8	200
		E052801-2				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E052801-3				50 m×5 m	10	250
		Site2-1	96.192 9	43.173 2	1 528	5 m×5 m	1	25
		Site2-2				15 m×5 m	3	75
		Site3-1	96.241 7	43.195 5	1 669	45 m×5 m	9	225
		Site3-2				50 m×5 m	10	250
		Site4-1	96.251 7	43.253 3	1 423	50 m×5 m	10	250
		Site4-2				50 m×5 m	10	250

	SK	E0602-1-1	98.059 2	43.153 7	1 401	10 m×5 m	2	50
		E0602-1-2				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0530-2-1	97.341 0	43.292 9	1 387	50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0530-2-2				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0530-2-3				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0530-2-4				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0531-1-1	97.861 6	43.207 2	1 390	25 m×5 m	5	125

	TB	E0602-5-1	98.453 0	42.997 6	1 826	50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0602-5-2				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0602-5-3				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0602-7-1	98.447 4	42.991 3	1 848	50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0602-7-2				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E060301-1	98.818 6	42.883 9	1 750	50 m×5 m	10	250
		E060301-2				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E060301-3				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0603-17-1	98.846 8	42.916 3	1 646	50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0603-17-2				40 m×5 m	8	200
		E060402-1	98.867 7	42.869 9	1746	50 m×5 m	10	250
		E0604-2-2				50 m×5 m	10	250
		E060405-1	98.910 5	42.887 4	1 617	50 m×5 m	10	250
		E060406-1	98.927 7	42.893 6	1 591	50 m×5 m	10	250

大白刺 N. roborowskii	AI	N052701	96.150 3	43.304 2	1 280	20 m×5 m	4	100
		N052702	96.332 9	43.250 3	1 445	5 m×5 m	1	25
		N052801	96.798 7	43.453 8	1 159	50 m×5 m	10	250

	SK	N0531-4	97.888 4	43.360 3	976	20 m×20 m	16	400
		N0531-5	97.871 9	43.364 2	958	20 m×20 m	16	400
		site4-1	97.564 4	43.150 6	1 230	20 m×20 m	16	400

	TB	N0604-3	99.211 6	42.939 7	1 256	45 m×5 m	9	225
		NE0602-8	98.566 5	42.884 6	1 938	20 m×20 m	16	400
		N0603-1	98.587 3	42.937 8	1 757	20 m×20 m	16	400
		NR081101	98.769 3	42.895 6	1 772	20 m×20 m	16	400
		NR081102	98.812 2	42.887 5	1 740	45 m×5 m	9	225
小果白刺 N. sibirica	AI	N052703	96.346 0	43.354 2	1 489	20 m×20 m	16	400
		N052901-1	96.892 6	43.136 8	1 534	50 m×5 m	10	250
		N052901-2				50 m×5 m	10	250

	SK	N0530-3	97.331 8	43.257 9	1 312	20 m×20 m	16	400
		plot3	98.060 8	43.136 9	1 400	20 m×20 m	16	400
		plot4	97.783 8	43.300 9	1 225	20 m×20 m	16	400
		plot5	97.558 4	43.257 8	1 426	20 m×20 m	16	400
		plot6	97.576 8	43.287 9	1 364	20 m×20 m	16	400
		plot7	97.331 5	43.257 7	1 422	20 m×20 m	16	400
		plot8	97.243 3	43.457 4	978	20 m×20 m	16	400
		plot9	97.809 9	43.262 5	1 594	20 m×20 m	16	400

	TB	N060301	98.590 8	43.041 7	1 576	50 m×5 m	10	250
		plot1	98.911 6	42.886 6	1 614	20 m×20 m	16	400
		plot2	98.837 0	42.921 1	1 619	20 m×20 m	16	400

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.2

Table 3

Static life tables of E. equisetina, N. roborowskii and N. sibirica populations"

物种 Species	区域 Region	龄级Age-class	a_x	a_x'	l_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	E_x	lnl_x
木贼麻黄 E. equisetina	AI	Ⅰ	29	79	1 000.00	113.92	0.11	943.04	4613.92	4.61	6.91
		Ⅱ	52	70	886.08	113.92	0.13	829.11	3 670.89	4.14	6.79
		Ⅲ	81	61	772.15	113.92	0.15	715.19	2 841.77	3.68	6.65
		Ⅳ	77	52	658.23	113.92	0.17	601.27	2 126.58	3.23	6.49
		Ⅴ	58	43	544.30	113.92	0.21	487.34	1 525.32	2.80	6.30
		Ⅵ	44	34	430.38	113.92	0.26	373.42	1 037.97	2.41	6.06
		Ⅶ	22	25	316.46	113.92	0.36	259.49	664.56	2.10	5.76
		Ⅷ	16	16	202.53	63.29	0.31	170.89	405.06	2.00	5.31
		Ⅸ	7	11	139.24	37.97	0.27	120.25	234.18	1.68	4.94
		Ⅹ	5	8	101.27	37.97	0.38	82.28	113.92	1.13	4.62
		Ⅺ	12	5	63.29	63.29	1.00	31.65	31.65	0.50	4.15

	SK	Ⅰ	6	21	1 000.00	95.24	0.10	952.38	5261.90	5.26	6.91
		Ⅱ	6	19	904.76	95.24	0.11	857.14	4 309.52	4.76	6.81
		Ⅲ	25	17	809.52	95.24	0.12	761.90	3 452.38	4.26	6.70
		Ⅳ	18	15	714.29	95.24	0.13	666.67	2 690.48	3.77	6.57
		Ⅴ	13	13	619.05	95.24	0.15	571.43	2 023.81	3.27	6.43
		Ⅵ	16	11	523.81	95.24	0.18	476.19	1 452.38	2.77	6.26
		Ⅶ	8	9	428.57	95.24	0.22	380.95	976.19	2.28	6.06
		Ⅷ	8	7	333.33	95.24	0.29	285.71	595.24	1.79	5.81
		Ⅸ	7	5	238.10	95.24	0.40	190.48	309.52	1.30	5.47
		Ⅹ	2	3	142.86	95.24	0.67	95.24	119.05	0.83	4.96
		Ⅺ	4	1	47.62	47.62	1.00	23.81	23.81	0.50	3.86

	TB	Ⅰ	6	56	1 000.00	89.29	0.09	955.36	5 589.29	5.59	6.91
		Ⅱ	24	51	910.71	89.29	0.10	866.07	4 633.93	5.09	6.81
		Ⅲ	55	46	821.43	89.29	0.11	776.79	3 767.86	4.59	6.71
		Ⅳ	42	41	732.14	89.29	0.12	687.50	2 991.07	4.09	6.60
		Ⅴ	34	36	642.86	89.29	0.14	598.21	2 303.57	3.58	6.47
		Ⅵ	37	31	553.57	89.29	0.16	508.93	1 705.36	3.08	6.32
		Ⅶ	25	26	464.29	89.29	0.19	419.64	1 196.43	2.58	6.14
		Ⅷ	28	21	375.00	89.29	0.24	330.36	776.79	2.07	5.93
		Ⅸ	24	16	285.71	89.29	0.31	241.07	446.43	1.56	5.65
		Ⅹ	15	11	196.43	89.29	0.45	151.79	205.36	1.05	5.28
		Ⅺ	46	6	107.14	107.14	1.00	53.57	53.57	0.50	4.67

大白刺 N. roborowskii	AI	Ⅰ	2	12	1 000.00	250.00	0.25	875.00	2 000.00	2.00	6.91
		Ⅱ	16	9	750.00	250.00	0.33	625.00	1 125.00	1.50	6.62
		Ⅲ	5	6	500.00	250.00	0.50	375.00	500.00	1.00	6.21
		Ⅳ	6	3	250.00	250.00	1.00	125.00	125.00	0.50	5.52
		Ⅴ	1	0	0.00	0.00	—	—	0.00	—	—

	SK	Ⅰ	2	17	1 000.00	235.29	0.24	882.35	2 147.06	2.15	6.91
		Ⅱ	18	13	764.71	235.29	0.31	647.06	1 264.71	1.65	6.64
		Ⅲ	17	9	529.41	235.29	0.44	411.76	617.65	1.17	6.27
		Ⅳ	8	5	294.12	235.29	0.80	176.47	205.88	0.70	5.68
		Ⅴ	1	1	58.82	58.82	1.00	29.41	29.41	0.50	4.07

	TB	Ⅰ	18	55	1 000.00	345.45	0.35	827.27	1 681.82	1.68	6.91
		Ⅱ	56	36	654.55	345.45	0.53	481.82	854.55	1.31	6.48
		Ⅲ	33	17	309.09	127.27	0.41	245.45	372.73	1.21	5.73
		Ⅳ	10	10	181.82	145.45	0.80	109.09	127.27	0.70	5.20
		Ⅴ	2	2	36.36	36.36	1.00	18.18	18.18	0.50	3.59
小果白刺 N. sibirica	AI	Ⅰ	1	12	1 000.00	250.00	0.25	875.00	2 000.00	2.00	6.91
		Ⅱ	15	9	750.00	250.00	0.33	625.00	1 125.00	1.50	6.62
		Ⅲ	8	6	500.00	250.00	0.50	375.00	500.00	1.00	6.21
		Ⅳ	6	3	250.00	250.00	1.00	125.00	125.00	0.50	5.52
		Ⅴ	1	0	0.00	0.00	—	—	0.00	—	—

	SK	Ⅰ	82	136	1 000.00	330.88	0.33	834.56	1 529.41	1.53	6.91
		Ⅱ	140	91	669.12	330.88	0.49	503.68	694.85	1.04	6.51
		Ⅲ	50	46	338.24	316.18	0.93	180.15	191.18	0.57	5.82
		Ⅳ	3	3	22.06	22.06	1.00	11.03	11.03	0.50	3.09
		Ⅴ	0	0	0.00	0.00	—	—	0.00	—	—

	TB	Ⅰ	50	107	1 000.00	457.94	0.46	771.03	1 135.51	1.14	6.91
		Ⅱ	111	58	542.06	457.94	0.84	313.08	364.49	0.67	6.30
		Ⅲ	13	9	84.11	74.77	0.89	46.73	51.40	0.61	4.43
		Ⅳ	1	1	9.35	9.35	1.00	4.67	4.67	0.50	2.23
		Ⅴ	0	0	0.00	0.00	—	—	0.00	—

Table 3

Fig.3

Table 4

Table 5

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龄级 Age-class	木贼麻黄 E. equisetina		白刺属植物 Species of the genus Nitraria
龄级 Age-class	冠幅的平方根 Square root of crown width/cm	体积的立方根 Cube root of volume/cm	平均冠幅 Average crown width/cm	形体大小 Plant size/cm
I	0<C≤20	V≤10	d≤50	v≤25
Ⅱ	20<C≤30	10<V≤20	50<d≤200	25<v≤50
Ⅲ	30<C≤52	20<V≤40	200<d≤350	50<v≤100
Ⅳ	52<C≤74	40<V≤60	350<d≤500	100<v≤200
Ⅴ	74<C≤96	60<V≤80	500<d≤650	200<v≤300
Ⅵ	96<C≤118	80<V≤100	—	300<v≤400
Ⅶ	118<C≤140	100<V≤120	—	—
Ⅷ	140<C≤162	V>120	—	—
Ⅸ	162<C≤184	—	—	—
Ⅹ	184<C≤206	—	—	—
Ⅺ	C>206	—	—	—

物种 Species	种群 Population	V₁	V₂	V₃	V₄	V₅	V₆	V₇	V₈	V₉	V₁₀	V_pi	V'_pi	P_max
木贼麻黄 E. equisetina	AI	?44.23	?35.80	4.94	24.68	24.14	50.00	27.27	56.25	28.57	?58.33	10.00	0.20	0.02
	SK	0.00	?76.00	28.00	27.78	?18.75	50.00	0.00	12.50	71.43	?50.00	16.00	0.70	0.05
	TB	?75.00	?56.36	23.64	19.05	?8.11	32.43	?10.71	14.29	37.50	?67.39	4.00	0.06	0.02
大白刺 N. roborowskii	AI	?87.50	68.75	?16.67	83.33	—	—	—	—	—	—	45.00	8.90	0.20
	SK	?88.89	5.56	52.94	87.50	—	—	—	—	—	—	33.00	6.60	0.20
	TB	?67.86	41.07	69.70	80.00	—	—	—	—	—	—	35.00	3.50	0.10
小果白刺 N. sibirica	AI	?93.33	46.67	25.00	83.33	—	—	—	—	—	—	42.00	8.40	—
	SK	?41.43	64.29	94.00	100.00	—	—	—	—	—	—	39.00	—	—
	TB	?54.95	88.29	92.31	100.00	—	—	—	—	—	—	48.00	—	—

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Population Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Ephedra equisetina, Nitraria roborowskii and Nitraria sibirica Distributed in Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area in Mongolia

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